2. 1. THE THREE SECTORS OF ECONOMY
The economy is a system. It involves transforming raw materials
from nature into manufacturated products and buying and
selling products or services. The economy is divided into three
sectors:
- The primary sector
- The secondary sector
- The tertiary sector
3. The primary sector
Raw materials are
extracted from
nature.
Agriculture, forestry,
mining and fishing
are primary sector
activities.
The secondary sector
This sector processes
and uses raw materials
to manufacture
finished products in
factories and
workshops.
The tertiary sector
This sector is made up
of activities that sell
products and provide
services.
Transport, tourism
and other services
belong to the tertiary
sector.
5. Agriculture
ARABLE FARMING
It produces crops for food and other products
LIVESTOCK FARMING
It is the raising of animals for food and other
products.
DRY FARMING
Dry farming gets water
when it rains. Farmers
don’t water the dry
crops.
Dry farming needs large
fields.
IRRIGATED FARMING
In irrigated farming,
farmers use irrigation
systems to water their
crops.
They can grow in small
fields.
EXTENSIVE FARMING
Farmers raise their
livestock in large fields or
open pastures.
The animals eat what
grows naturally on the
land.
INTENSIVE FARMING
Farmers raise their
livestock in stables or
indoor pens.
Farmers give the
animals food.
6. FISHING
There are two types of fishing:
coastal and deep-sea.
Coastal fishing is near the coast.
Deep-see fishing is far from the
coast
Fishing, mining and forestry
MINING
Mining is the extraction of rocks
and minerals from the ground.
There are two types of mining:
- Underground mines
- Opencast mines and quarries.
FORESTRY
Forestry is the use of forests to
obtain plant products, such as
wood, cork, cellulose and resin.
7. The secondary sector uses raw materials to produce manufactured products.
There are different types of products: some industries produce intermediate
products and other industries produce consumer products.
3. THE SECONDARY SECTOR
Intermediate products
These are products that are used
by other industries to make other
products.
Steel is an intermediate product.
Consumer products
These are products that are sold
directly to the consumers.
The food industry transform raw
materials into consumer products.
8. The tertiary sector (service sector) is made up of businesses that sell
manufactured products and services to consumers. It is divided into
different areas:
3. THE TERTIARY SECTOR
HEALTH AND EDUCATION PUBLIC SAFETY TRANSPORT SECTOR
ADMINISTRATION CULTURAL PROFESSIONS
AND TOURISM
JUDICIAL SYSTEM
9. HEALTH AND EDUCATION
Doctors, nurses and
dentists work in the health
sector
Teachers work in the
education sector
PUBLIC SAFETY
Police officers, firefighters,
soldiers and security guards
work in public safety
CULTURAL PROFESSIONS
AND TOURISM
Musicians, writers, actors
and painters work in cultural
professions.
Tour guides, receptionists,
waiters and waitresses work
in tourism.
JUDICIAL SYSTEM
Judges, lawyers and
prosecutors work in the
judicial system.
SKILLED JOBS AND
TRANSPORT SECTOR
Mechanics and electricians
work in skilled jobs.
Drivers work in the
transport sector.
ADMINISTRATION
Bank clerks, secretaries and
civil servants work in
administration.
