Language, Society, and Sociolinguistics

1.  SELAMAT MEMBACA TEMAN-TEMAN

3.  Speech is transient (sementara waktu), rather than
permanent. Because of physical constraints
(ketidakleluasaan/paksaan) interlocurtors (teman bicara)
may not speak at the same time, or else they cannot hear
what the other say. They are bound by the non-reversible
distribution of turns at talk.
 Written language, by contrast, can be stored retrieved,
and recollected, and responses can be delay. Because it
cannot be immediately challenged as in oral
communication, written language carrries more weight
and hence (krn itu) more prestige (gengsi).

4. Examples include family, childhood friends, and highly
influential social groups

5. Groups are distinguishable (dapat dibedakan)
from the social environment. They are cohesive
(bersatu) units with their own boundaries.
The boundaries of a group can be defined by
recurring patterns of interaction, by formal
membership reguirements, by culturally
meaningful symbols such as uniforms and
badges, and by conflict with other group.

7. • primary group
• It is typically a small social group whose
members share close, personal,
enduring relationships. These groups are
marked by concern for one another, shared
activities and culture, and long periods of time
spent together.
• group
• A number of things or persons being in some
relation to one another.

9.  The use of social deictic like pronous, forms of addres,
or names, is one way speakers align themselve to the
cultural context as they understand it.
 We have seen how chages in intonation and
pronunciation can also indicate chages in our
perception of our role as a participant in an
interaction, and in our alignment to other, a
positioning footing.
 i.e. The stance we take up to ourselves and to the
other present as expressed in the wau we manage
ther production or reception of utterance. A change
in footing is usually marked by a change in register,
tone of voice or bodily orientation.