3. What is nonverbal communication?
• Non verbal communication is defined as
“those actions and attributes that have
socially shared meaning, are intentionally
sent or interpreted, are consciously sent or
consciously received, and have the potential
for feedback from the receiver.” (Burgoon,
Boller & Woodall, 2008,
4. There are 7 types of nonverbal
behavior
• Proxemics
• Tactile
• Chronemics
• Kinesics
• Artifacts
• Vocalics or Paralanguage
• Oculesics
5. PROXEMICS (distance)
• the interpersonal space to regulate intimacy.
• For example Latin Americans have a more
intimate contact since the very fast
socialisation process (they kiss on both
cheeks) while Northen Americans tend to
shake hands
6. Tactile (touch)
• Touches among humans that can be defined
as communication include handshakes,
holding hands, back slapping, high fives, a
pat on the shoulder, and brushing an arm.
• Touching of oneself may include picking,
holding, and scratching.
7. CHRONEMICS (time)
• How people use, perceive and structure their time.
• The way that one perceives and values time,
structures time and reacts to time frames
communication.
• Time perceptions include punctuality, willingness
to wait and interactions.
• Cultural variations like monochronic(thing done
one at a time) and polychronic (several things can
done at once.)
8. KINESICS (bodily movement)
• Facial expressions
• Eye contact
• Body language
• Gestures
• Physical appearance (Body posture)
9. ARTIFACTS (Dress, Belongings,
etc.)
• Material objects as an extension of
one self's personality.
• Clothing has the power to influence
• Several studies show that suits, uniforms and
high-status clothing are related to higher
rates of compliance.
• Each situation governs appropriate
dress
10. VOLCALICS (Paralanguage)
• Use of voice to communicate includes
elements such as including voice
quality, rate, pitch, volume, and
speaking style, as well
as prosodic features such as rhythm,
intonation, and stress etc.
11. Oculesics
• Communication using the eyes (ex.
Gazing, intensity, eye movement etc.).
• For example in North America is
common to look into the eyes when
people talk, while in Asia this is
considered direspectful.
12. Barrier to non verbal communication
• Para language: Para language is the way inflections are
used when sending a message verbally.
• Silence: Silence can be used as a threatening tool to ignore
and disregard another person’s need for communication.
• Body Language: Body language can create a
communication barrier. A person with their head down, folded
arms or turning their back to you are all examples of body
language that creates a wall from communicating.
• Facial Expression: A person’s facial expression can act as a
barrier, especially when there is insecurity or fear involved in the
conversation. Facial expressions can be misinterpreted and
misunderstood.
13. Functions of Nonverbal
Communication
• Express emotions
• Express interpersonal attitudes
• To accompany speech in managing the
cues of interaction between speakers
and listeners
• Self-presentation of one's personality
• Rituals (greetings)
14. In conclusion
• A knowledge of the several factors
involved with nonverbal communication,
and an awareness of its power will
improve our ability to communicate with
others.
