This Internship was offered by National Telecommunication Corporation (NTC), Islamabad where I performed practical hand work in the department of Switching, Transmission and Data Communication.

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NTC – INTERNSHIP REPORT
Submitted to:
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National Telecommunication Corporation
14/10/2014
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By:
Saifullah Khan
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Usman Institute of Technology – Hamdard University,
Karachi
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2. 2
Table of Contents
1. EWSD (Eidal Widal Switch Digital).................................................................3
A. Parts of EWSD Switch................................................................................3
B. DLU (Digital line unit)...............................................................................4
i. Functions Of DLU.......................................................................4
ii. Modules of Digital Line Unit......................................................5
iii. Physical Rack Diagram Of DLU (IBA 1-A):..............................7
C. Line Trunk Group (LTG)............................................................................8
i. Physical Rack Diagram:..............................................................8
ii. Functions of LTG......................................................................10
D. Switching Network (SN)..........................................................................11
i. Functions OF Switching Network:............................................11
ii. Structure:....................................................................................12
iii. Physical Rack Diagram:............................................................12
E. Coordination Processor:............................................................................13
i. Coordination Processor Modules...............................................13
ii. Functionality of CP....................................................................14
2. Functional Units of EWSD exchange:.............................................................15
F. Control......................................................................................................15
i. Message Buffer .........................................................................15
ii. Central Clock Generator............................................................16
iii. Control System Panel................................................................16
G. Switching..................................................................................................17
H. Signaling...................................................................................................17
I. Access.......................................................................................................18
3. ZTE Exchange.................................................................................................19
J. Functions of Modules...............................................................................22
4. PRI Exchange..................................................................................................24
5. MSAG (Multi-Service Access Gateway)........................................................25
6. 1.CIRCUIT & PACKET SWITCHING..........................................................25
7. 2.VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol).............................................................25
8. MSAG..............................................................................................................25
9. MSAG Features...............................................................................................26
10. PROPER APERTURES FOR EXERNAL CABLE CONNECTIONS IN
MSAG..............................................................................................................27
11. ........................................................................................................................27
12. ENTERING OF FIBER AND PNGD CABLES WITH MSAG.....................28
13. DISTRIBUTION & ARRANGEMENT OF FIBER (PIGTAILS) IN ODF
TRAY..............................................................................................................28
14. POWER MONITORING MODULE AND RECTIFIERS.............................29
15. ACCESS PART FRAME................................................................................29
16. MSAG CARDS...............................................................................................30
17. NARROWBAND SERVICE...........................................................................30
18. BROADBAND SERVICES............................................................................30
19. POTS SERVICE..............................................................................................31

3. 3
20. UMG (Universal Media Gateway)..................................................................31
21. TYPES.............................................................................................................31
22. UMG BOARDS...............................................................................................31
23. PROCESS OF CONVERSION FROM TDM SIGNAL INTO IP SIGNAL IN
UMG................................................................................................................32
24. SOFT SWITCH (SOFTx3000)
Basics...............................................................................................................33
25. Features............................................................................................................33
EWSD (Eidal Widal Switch Digital)
EWSD is the digital exchange made by German Company Siemens. This is
the very reliable exchange which is mostly used in Pakistan.
This type of digital exchange is used as local, tandem, transit as well as
international gate way exchange.
The most common switch is used as main exchange. This can operate as
PSTN, ISDN (BRI), PRI, CMMERCIAL Subscriber (Pay phones).
Parts of EWSD Switch
EWSD switch can be divided into following parts.
· Digital line unit (DLU).
· Line trunk group (LTG).
· Switching network (SN).
· Coordination processor (CP).

4. DLU (Digital line unit)
· DLU provides the gateway to the EWSD exchange.
· The data of home and commercial subscribers are stored in specific
modules in DLU.
· The telephone ring is generated in DLU.
· The metering of voltage is done in DLU.
· Provides contact with DIU (digital interface unit).
Functions Of DLU
4

5. Digital
Line
Unit
Modules of Digital Line Unit
1- Subscriber Line Module (SLM)
Processor
and
Controller
Interface
Subscriber
line circuit
(SLC)
Power
BDCG
RGMG
DLUC
DCC-CR DIU
BDB
BDE
Testing
SLMACOS
SLMACMRL
SLMAITF
SLMD
FMTU
LCMM
5

6. 6
SLM modules store the data of all types of subscribers that includes PSTN,
ISDN, PRI, home users and commercial users. In IBA1-A there are two
types of SLM modules
· SLMA COS.
· SLMA CMRL.
The SLMA COS module supports 8 subscriber telephone lines and
connects them to the exchange.
The SLMA CMRL module supports 6 commercial lines i.e. public call
offices and connects them to main exchange.
2- Bus Distribution Base(BDB)
The BDB module controls all the buses that are running throughout the
DLU. The BDB modules are present in the first frame and they monitor the
sub control units BDE’S that are control units of the bus in the other frames.
3- Bus Distribution Extension(BDE)
The BDE modules are control units of different shelves of a single rack
of the EWSD exchange. The BDE module is controlled by BDB.
4- Ring Generation and Measuring Module (RGMG)
The RGMG module generates ring and it also acts as metering unit for
voltage in the digital line unit.
5- Digital line Unit Control (DLUC):
The DLUC module is the main control module in the DLU .it monitors
all the functionalities of different modules of the DLU.
6- Bus Distribution Clock Generation (BDCG):
This module generates the clock for bus distribution so that all the buses
are synchronized.
7- DCC:
One DCC module provides the voltage to first eight modules of a shelf
and the later eight modules are supported by an other DCC module at the
end of the shelf.

7. Physical Rack Diagram Of DLU (IBA 1-A):
DCC
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DCC
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DCC
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DCC
7

8. Line Trunk Group (LTG)
The line/trunk group (LTG) forms the interface between the digital
environment of the node and the digital switching network (SN). The LTGs
perform non-central control functions and thus relieve the coordination
processor (CP) of routine work.
Functions of LTG:
Following are the major functions of LTG
· LTG provides direct connection of one exchange with the other
exchanges of the same city or the other cities.
· LTG generates telephone tone.
· LTG provides a gateway to the switching network.
· LTG provides interface between DLU and PCM.
Several LTG types are available for optimal implementation of the various
line types and signaling methods. The two main types of LTGs (differing in
their functionality) used are:
· LTG-B
· LTG-C
Physical Rack Diagram:
DI
U
DI U
DI
U
DI
U
CRP
T
OG
GS
L
C
GS
M
P
MU
SI
L
C
DCC
8

9. 9
LTG-B
The LTGB is used for connecting:
· Up to four digital transmission routes (PDCs) for DLUs at
transmission rates of 2048 kbit/s
· Up to four primary rate accesses (PAs) for medium-sized and large
ISDN PABXs (ISDN subscribers with PA) at a transmission rate of
2048 kbit/s.
· Main Components of an LTG-B
· Group processor (GP)
· Link interface unit between line/trunk group and switching
network (LIU)
· Group switch (GS)
· Speech multiplexer (SPMXA)
· Signaling unit (SU)
· Line/trunk unit (LTU)

10. Functions of LTG
Interfacing
Line
Trunk
Group
Trunk
Signaling
Memory
Unit
Tone
Generator
Code
Receiving
SILC-B
SILC-C
Sync
& Switchin
g
Module
Power
CRP
4 x DIU’s
TOG
PMUB
PMUC
PMUD
GSL
DCC-DE
CGS
M
10

11. 11
Switching Network (SN)
By virtue of its high data transmission quality, the switching network can
switch connections for various types of service (for example telephony,
facsimile, teletext, data transmission).
This means that switching network is also ready for the Integrated
Services Digital Network (ISDN).
Functions OF Switching Network:
· Duplicated (full redundancy)
· Highly-Integrated switching network modules
· One space stage module can handle up to 1024 simultaneous calls
with full redundancy
· Interfaces of 8,192 Kb/s available within
· Highly compact design from space-saving point of view
· An exchange of 10,000 subscribers may accommodate the SN in a
single rack
· Two kinds of connections: Switched & Semi-permanent

12. Structure:
In large and very large exchanges the capacity stages of the switching
network (SN:504LTG, SN:252LTG and SN:126LTG) include
· One time stage incoming (TSI)
· Three space stages (SS)
· One time stage outgoing (TSO)
Medium-sized and small exchanges (SN:63LTG and SN:15LTG) contain
· One time stage incoming (TSI)
· One space stage (SS)
· One time stage outgoing (TSO)
Physical Rack Diagram:
TS
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LI
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GC
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DCC
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DCC
12

13. 13
Coordination Processor:
The CP performs the following functions in a network node:
· Call processing
· Operation and maintenance
· Safeguarding
The CP consists of the following processors:
o Base Processors
o Call Processors
o Input / Output Control
o Bus for Common Memory
o Common Memory
o Input / Output Processors
Coordination Processor Modules
1. BAP:
The BAPMs and the BAPSs provide the same software functional units.
2. CAP:
The CAPs mainly include software for call processing functions.
3. IOC:
IOCs have only firmware for communication with the call processing,
O&M and data communication peripheries.
4. BCMY:

14. The bus for common memory (BCMY) connects all processors (BAP,
CAP), including the input/output controls (IOC), with each other and
with the common memory (CMY).
5. CMY:
The common memory (CMY) includes, among other things, the common
database for all processors, plus the input and output lists for the IOP.
The CMY is duplicated in order to ensure a high level of
availability.
6. IOP:
Different types of input/output processors (IOP) connect the CP113D
with other units in the network node, the external bulk memories, the
operation and maintenance terminal, the operation and maintenance
center (OMC, via data lines) and computer centers (also via data
lines).
Functionality of CP
COORDINATION
PROCESSOR
BASE
PROCESSOR
CALL
PROCESSOR
INPUT/OUTPUT
PROCESSOR
COMMON
MEMORY
BUS FOR
COMMON
MEMORY
INPUT/OUTPUT
CONTROL
14

15. 15
Functional Units of EWSD exchange:
The EWSD system is divided into different functional areas called
subsystems coordinated by a central system. Following are the main
functional units of EWSD exchange.
1. Control
2. Switching
3. Signaling
4. Access
5. Power
Control
Control belongs to the area which is responsible for the coordination of the
various subunits. Control consists of the following:
· Coordination Processor (CP)
· Message Buffer (MB)
· System Panel (SYP)
· Central Clock Generator (CCG)
Message Buffer
The task of MB is to control the exchange of messages between the
following subsystems:
· Coordination Processor (CP) and line/trunk groups (LTG):
Commands and Messages

16. 16
· CP and switch group controls (SGC) of the switching
network: Setting commands for the SN
· LTGs among one another: Reports
· LTGs and the common channel signaling network control
(CCNC):Orders
Message Buffer Group
The message buffer is divided into functional groups called Message
Buffer Groups according to the expansion concept. One message buffer
group consists of one message buffer unit for Switch Group Control and two
message buffer units for LTG.
In the least configuration, at least one message buffer group may exist with
at least one MBUL and one MBUS active where as the other MBUL may be
inactive.
In the highest configuration, there are up to 4 message buffer groups with 4
MBUS and 8 MBUL.
Central Clock Generator
In order to switch and transmit digital information, the sequence of
operations must be synchronous throughout the equipment involved.
This requires a clock supply with a high level of reliability, precision and
consistency for all the nodes in the digital network.
This task is fulfilled by the central clock generator (CCG).
Depending upon the accuracy required, the following two modes of
operation are possible.
Control System Panel
The purpose of the system panel is to display alarms and advisories of
internal and external supervisory units outside the system) both visually and
acoustically.
It is divided into two parts namely the System Panel Control and the System
Panel Display unit.
System Panel Control:

17. 17
This utilizes the free space in the Message Buffer Rack. It is connected with
the IOP: MB in the CP113.
Although itself it is not redundant, it has a redundant connection with the CP
via two IOP: MBs, each belonging to a different side.
The system panel display unit is connected with the control (SYP) via a
cable but can be placed at any suitable place within the exchange by direct
connection or in an OMC using some transmission system.
This unit is responsible to display alarms and advisories of internal and
external supervisory units (outside the system) both visually and
acoustically. It is also responsible to show the CP load (in ERL) and the
current date and time of the system.
Switching
By virtue of its high data transmission quality, the switching network can
switch connections for various types of service (for example telephony,
facsimile, teletext, data transmission).
This means that switching network is also ready for the Integrated
Services Digital Network (ISDN).
Signaling
The EWSD digital electronic switching system can control connections to
and from other network nodes using all the common signaling systems.
The signaling functions in a EWSD network-node are handled by the
"common channel signaling network control (CCNC)".
One system that is particularly suitable for stored-program-controlled digital
nodes is signaling system no. 7.
This transports signaling information separately from the user information
(voice, data) on common-channel signaling links.
Advantages:-
· Higher speed signaling
· Very reliable signal transmission
· Flexibility to adapt to future requirements

18. Suitable transmission Medium
· Copper Wires
· Optical Fibers
· Digital Radio Links
· Satellite links
Access
This includes:
18
· Line / Trunk Group (LTG)
· Digital Line Unit (DLU)
· Digital Announcement System (DAS).
DAS explained:
The digital announcement unit announces recorded messages to the
subscriber relating to different matters such as reason for disconnection or
the disability of a non STD phone to dial an outstation call. The necessary
information for such an announcement is provided by CP and DLU.

19. ZTE Exchange
19
ZTE is a Chinese telecommunication company that was founded in
1985.Initially it had its network limited in different cities of China later on
ZTE extended its network to different countries of Asia and Africa.
Unlike EWSD, ZTE is modular based exchange and in each module we have
its own control system, switching network and signaling network.
At IBA exchange a ZTE exchange named ZXJ10 is installed. It has
capability of supporting 10000 lines. A detailed diagram of ZTE’s module
is shown in the next page.
The main advantage of having a ZTE exchange is its low cost. The ZTE
exchange costs almost eight times less than that of Siemens, Ericsson or
Alcatel. That is the reason why ZTE is becoming so popular in the
developing and poor countries of Asia and Africa.
The disadvantage of ZTE exchange is that it is not as reliable as EWSD,
Ericsson, Alcatel or even Huawei .ZTE exchange suffers from more errors
than other exchanges.

20. 10
ALARM
-48
+5
-5
ALARM
-48
+5
-5
DSP
U
DSP
U
10
SCL: Subscriber line circuit.
DSPU:
TSLC: Test subscriber line current
DT: Digital trunks
COMA: Communication card.
MPPP: COMMUNICATION CARD.
DS
P
U
DS
P
U
PP
TS
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Master
Standby
Offline
Alarm
Power
Switch
Reset
On/off
Master
Standby
Offline
Alarm
Power
DT
DT
DT
DT
DT
10
10
ALARM
-48
+5
-5
Switch
Reset
On/off
ALARM
-48
+5
-5
DSP
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DSP
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MPPP MPPP
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ZTE
ZXJ10 MODULE
C
KG
NET
CK
G
NET
20

21. NET: Switching network
CKG: Clock generation.
Analog
Subscriber
Digital
Subscriber
VSX
Trunk
Subscriber
Centrex
BSC
BSC
BSC
21
PSM
(PHM)
PSM
(RSM)
MSS
S
N
M
SNM (CTL)
NT SERVER
MSM
CTL
RSU
Optic fiber
4.8 Mb/s
8 M b/s
Optic fiber
CSM
OMM
Terminal
group
WORKING OF ZTE EXCHANGE
ZXJ10

22. 22
OMM: Operation and maintenance module.
MSM: Message switching module.
PSM: Peripheral switching module.
RSM: Remote switching module.
DSN: Digital switching network.
CSM: Central switching module.
Functions of Modules
OMM (operation and maintenance module):
1- Global traffic handling.
2- Database management and modification.
3- Man-machine interface.
4- Billing handling centre.
5- Maintenance, diagnosis and test.
6- Supervising the system operation status and the remote operation
environment.
CSM (centre switching module):
One is the voice channel switching control part(SNM) and the other is
message switching control part(MSM)
SNM:
Its main task is to complete the voice channel switching . the DSN consists
of several planes,each two planes of 8k form a pair of active/standby DSN
switching network that can be configured with 8 such 8k planes at
maximum to constitute a switching network of 64k *64k.
MSMCTL:
It mainly provides the message switching for each MP status (module
processor), to realize the communication between OMM and each MP.
While man machine commands are send to each MP via MSMCTL, such as
the MP switch over command, etc.
PERIPHERAL SWITCHING MODULE (PSM):

23. 23
Its main functions are as follows.
1- PSTN subscriber access and intra-office traffic handling.
2- ISDN subscriber access.
3- Centrex commercial users’ access.
4- Mobile subscriber’s access.
A single PSM can constitute a single module office.
REMOTE SWITCHING MODULE (RSM):
Its structure is similar to PSM. Its functions are:
1- Providing access to remote users.
2- Realizing intra subscribers switching.
3- Realizing central networking with CSM.
4- Providing the same n * 64 kb/s (n<=128) dynamic time slots
switching as PSM.
RSU:
1- It mainly provides access for small group of remote subscribers which
are usually POTS users.
2- Realizing intra RSU traffic handling.
3- Networking with CSM, realizing the whole network calling possible
located far from central office by using the low optic fiber
connections.

24. 24
PRI Exchange
PRI stands for primary rate interface. The PRI exchange connects the ISP’s
and the subscribers of the telephone line.
C&C08 is the PRI exchange installed at IBA. It is manufactured by Chinese
company Huawei.
USER Telephone
Exchange
Transit PRI ISP
Exchange
I N
Connection establishment in PRI
The line provided to ISP can support data transport at the rate of 2 Mbps and
cannot exceed this limit. Each card in this Huawei exchange has 16 PRIs.
Each PRI has 32 channels,30 channels are allocated for 2 way
communication of digital data between the server and the internet users, one
channel is utilized for frame alignment (synchronization) and one is used to
signal the communication data. There are CPC link cards, STP and SRC
announcement cards. The interconnection between different cards and
frames is through optical fiber.

25. 25
MSAG (Multi-Service Access Gateway)
To be able to understand about Multi-Services Access Gateway, its
need and why it was introduced, we need to study the following points.
1. CIRCUIT & PACKET SWITCHING
The placed between two communicating persons is a complex
field of devices and machines which is divided into two basic types
· Circuit Switching
· Packet Switching
Circuit Switching is an old and expensive method of switching
while Packet Switching is a modern method comparably less
expensive than Circuit Switching but Circuit Switching is more
reliable than Packet Switching. When a person has a circuit dedicated
to for a session; he is confident of getting all the information across.
To be able to understand packet switching, we first need to
realize what a packet is. The Internet Protocol (IP) just like many
other protocols breaks the data into chunks and wraps; that chunks
and wraps are actually called Packets. Once they reach the destination,
the packets are reassembled to make up the original data again;
therefore, it is obvious that for transmitting a data in packets; the data
should be a digital data.
2. VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)
It is also referred as IP Telephony or Internet Telephony. It is
another way of making calls, with the difference of making phone
calls cheaper or completely free.
The main reason for which the people are turning so massively
towards VoIP Technology is the cost. It is said to be cheap but mostly
people use it for free. If a person a Personal Computer and a good
internet speed; he can use VoIP for free.
MSAG
With the increasing demands on telecommunication services,
including data, video, voice, and multimedia services, large-capacity access
networks that provide high-speed, high-quality integrated services have
become the focus of access network development.

26. 26
To address the tendency towards this
type of access network, Huawei HONET
UA5000 multi-service access product integrates
traditional voice, VoIP, private line, PBX,
video, and multimedia services for subscribers.
It provides GE, FE, ports for transmitting
services upstream. UA5000 is Universal Access
equipment which can support both narrowband
service as well as broadband service. It
provides the traditional voice access, broadband
access, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and
multimedia services.
MSAG Features
· Traditional Services are retained when evolving from a TDM
Network to an IP Network, and subscribers do not have to change
terminals.
· High-Speed Broadband Access: The UA5000 supports: 1) the
ADSL2+ and VDSL2 technologies to achieve a maximum
transmission rate of 100Mbit/s
· Energy Saving: The UA5000 is the first multi-service access device
in the world, which have an optimized design and low power
consumption components
· Flexible Installation: The UA5000 provides indoor and outdoor
cabinets to meet operators' requirements for flexible deployment and
rapid installation

27. 27
PROPER APERTURES FOR EXERNAL CABLE
CONNECTIONS IN MSAG

28. ENTERING OF FIBER AND PNGD CABLES WITH
MSAG
DISTRIBUTION &
ARRANGEMENT OF
FIBER (PIGTAILS) IN ODF
TRAY
28

29. 29
POWER MONITORING MODULE AND RECTIFIERS
AC input switch Battery
control switch
AC INPUT BATT
Output tributary switch
ALMRUN ALM FAN-ALM RUN
COM
LOAD1 LOAD2 LOAD3 LOAD4
B
MS
PSM-B5
ALM FAN-ALM RUN ALM FAN-ALM RUN
HRS850-9000C HRS850-9000C HRS850-9000C
AC-L AC-N
B1 B2
+ +
BATT.(-) LOAD(-) BATT.(+) LOAD(+)
Power supply unit Monitoring unit Rectifier unit
ACCESS PART FRAME
PVX or PVM boards Broadband & narrowband service board TSS or Service board
0 1 FAN 16 17
P
WX
P
WX
I
P
M
I
P
M
P
VX/
RS
U
P
VX/
RS
U
XS
L
XS
L
XS
L
XS
L
XS
L
XS
L
XS
L
XS
L
XS
L
XS
L
XS
L
XS
L/
TSS
CABLING
0 1 FAN 16 17
Power Cards
16U

30. XS
L
XS
L
XS
L
XS
L
XS
L
XS
L
XS
L
XS
L
XS
L
XS
L
XS
L
XS
L
XS
L
XS
L
XS
L
XS
L
XS
L
XS
L
CABLING
MSAG CARDS
· Control Card
a) Narrowband Control Card: PVM
b) Broadband Control Card: IPM
· Line Card
a) Narrowband: ASL, A32 …
b) Broadband: ADMC, ADRB …
c) Combo: CSLB, CSRI …
NARROWBAND SERVICE
· PSTN Voice Service
a) POTS Ports
b) ISDN BRI Ports
c) PRI Ports
· NGN Voice Service
a) VoIP calls by POTS subscribers
b) VoIP calls by ISDN BRI subscribers
c) FoIP and MoIP
BROADBAND SERVICES
· ADSL and ADSL2+ Service
· SHDSL Service
· VDSL Service
30
The narrowband or the broadband control boards can be
inserted into the thirty service slots in a mixed way

31. 31
· Ethernet Service of residential Communities and commercial
buildings
POTS SERVICE
E V
UMG (Universal Media Gateway)
The basic function of UMG is TDM to IP conversion and compression.
TYPES
· AMG
· TMG
· SG
UMG BOARDS
Boards Function
Front Side Board
FOMB It is used for processing and Operation & Maintenance
Twisted Pair
UA5000
POTS
MSU/RDL UMG POTS

32. 32
SPF Signaling processing frame: used for ISUP, PRA
VPD Voice processing module: used for voice processing
HRU Hot Resource Unit: used for hot swapping
Rear Side Boards
TNC It is used for conversion of TDM signal in IP
Clock Using for clock signal
FE8 Having 8 ports of FE
E32 Having 32 ports of E1s patching
PROCESS OF CONVERSION FROM TDM SIGNAL
INTO IP SIGNAL IN UMG
TTDDMM SSiiggnnaall
EE3322
TTNNCC
HHRRUU

33. 33
FFEE88
IIPP SSiiggnnaall
SOFT SWITCH (SOFTx3000)
Basics
· Basic function of Soft Switch is to Control all Type of Networks.
· User friendly
· Secure
· Easily accessible
Features
· Service Provision Capability
a) Basic Voice Services
b) Supplementary Services
· Large Capacity and high integration
NORMAL FULL CAPACITY
01 FCCU Module
9000 Trunk support
50,000 Subscriber Support
40 FCCU Modules
36,000 Trunks support
20,00,000 Subscriber can be
Support
· High Security
a) Security in DATA Base (Automatic Backup)
b) Security in Subscribers (IP, Password)
c) Security in O&M

34. · High reliability
Hardware Design Software Design
Distributed Processing
Assistant Work Mode (Load
Share)
Optimize Fault detection
GUI(Graphical User Interface)
Overload
Hot Backup
Double Backup
· Network Capability
34
UMG
Soft
Switch Soft
Switch
SIP-T
PSTN
N2000 Server
MSU/RDLU
H.323
TCP SIGTRA
SIP Phone
SG
H.248
MSAG
H.248