Copyright Management for the LUISA Semantic Learning Content Management System Roberto García Universitat de Lleida, Spain Tomas Pariente ATOS Origin SAE, Spain www.luisa-project.eu LUISA is an European Comission FP6 funded Specific Targeted Research Project

Table of Contents Introduction Motivation Related Work Proposal Copyright Model License Modelling Conclusions & Future Work

Introduction

Motivation

Related Work

Proposal

Copyright Model

License Modelling

Conclusions & Future Work

Introduction “ Web-spread” of e-Learning solutions requires Interoperability Enabler: richer semantics than current metadata specifications for learning resources LUISA (EU-IST-FP6): reference semantic and service-oriented architecture for e-Learning Search, interchange and delivery of learning objects Face interoperability at different levels using Semantic Web technologies

“ Web-spread” of e-Learning solutions requires Interoperability

Enabler: richer semantics than current metadata specifications for learning resources

LUISA (EU-IST-FP6): reference semantic and service-oriented architecture for e-Learning

Search, interchange and delivery of learning objects

Face interoperability at different levels using Semantic Web technologies

Motivation At the content copyright level: eLearning DRM interoperability Main problem: lack of structured and formal ways to express the licensing terms of learning objects Sakai : predefined and simple copyright status sentences “ Material is in public domain” or “I hold copyright” “ Use copyright below” + text box LOM : set of attributes for stating learning object rights: “ Cost”, “Copyright and Other Restrictions” and “Description”

At the content copyright level: eLearning DRM interoperability

Main problem: lack of structured and formal ways to express the licensing terms of learning objects

Sakai : predefined and simple copyright status sentences

“ Material is in public domain” or “I hold copyright”

“ Use copyright below” + text box

LOM : set of attributes for stating learning object rights:

“ Cost”, “Copyright and Other Restrictions” and “Description”

Related Work Creative Commons: Focus on open licensing schemes e.g. Open Courseware Extension for custom licensing schemes (CCPlus), but not based on formalised license building blocks DRM Standards: ISO/IEC MPEG-21 Rights Expression Language (REL) Open Digital Rights Language (ODRL)

Creative Commons:

Focus on open licensing schemes

e.g. Open Courseware

Extension for custom licensing schemes (CCPlus), but not based on formalised license building blocks

DRM Standards:

ISO/IEC MPEG-21 Rights Expression Language (REL)

Open Digital Rights Language (ODRL)

Related Work DRM Standards issues [1]: Don’t scale well to open environments like the Web More appropriate for closed domains Cause interoperability issues One of the main DRM end-users complains Rights language limited expressivity Difficult to accommodate copyright law Standardisation based on formal language grammar, no formal semantics [1] Electronic Frontier Foundation Report by Doctorow, 2005

DRM Standards issues [1]:

Don’t scale well to open environments like the Web

More appropriate for closed domains

Cause interoperability issues

One of the main DRM end-users complains

Rights language limited expressivity

Difficult to accommodate copyright law

Standardisation based on formal language grammar, no formal semantics

Proposal Use the Copyright Ontology [1] in order to model e-Learning copyright licenses More expressive than XML approaches Facilitates interoperability , works at the semantic level Based on a copyright law model, WIPO worldwide recommendations [2] Also based on Semantic Web technologies Copyright Ontology: provides the building blocks and restrictions to flexibly model LOs licensing terms [1] Copyright Ontology, http://rhizomik.net/ontologies/copyrightonto [2] World Intellectual Property Organisation, http://www.wipo.int

Use the Copyright Ontology [1] in order to model e-Learning copyright licenses

More expressive than XML approaches

Facilitates interoperability , works at the semantic level

Based on a copyright law model, WIPO worldwide recommendations [2]

Also based on Semantic Web technologies

Copyright Ontology: provides the building blocks and restrictions to flexibly model LOs licensing terms

Copyright Model Rights Model

Copyright Model Victor Hugo’s Les Misérables Creation Model

Copyright Model Action Model

Copyright Model Actions governed by rights, economic rights : Reproduction Right: Copy Distribution Right: Distribute More specifically: Sell , Rent and Lend Public Performance Right: Perform Fixation Right: Record Communication Right: Broadcast and Make Available . Transformation Right: Derive Specialisations: Adapt and Translate

Actions governed by rights, economic rights :

Reproduction Right: Copy

Distribution Right: Distribute

More specifically: Sell , Rent and Lend

Public Performance Right: Perform

Fixation Right: Record

Communication Right: Broadcast and Make Available .

Transformation Right: Derive

Specialisations: Adapt and Translate

License Modelling Primitive actions – case roles  action participants initiator resource goal essence Action agent, effector instrument result, recipient patient, theme Process agent, origin matter result, recipient patient, theme Transfer agent, origin instrument, medium experiencer, recipient theme Spatial origin path destination location Temporal start duration completion pointInTime Ambient reason manner aim, consequence condition

Primitive actions – case roles  action participants

License Modelling Combine these building blocks to model licenses Both commercial and open access terms Main component: Action Pattern Defined combining restrictions using logical operators Pattern ≡ Copy ⊓ ∀ pointInTime. ≥ 2008-01-01, ≤ 2008-06-30 ⊓ ∃ agent.Subscribers ⊓ ∃ theme.{learningObject}

Combine these building blocks to model licenses

Both commercial and open access terms

Main component: Action Pattern

Defined combining restrictions using logical operators

License Modelling Additional actions and case roles: Agree (Disagree): state what is permitted (prohibited) condition : links to another pattern that must satisfied aim : links condition pattern to conditioned one consequence: links pattern to obliged one :agreement a co:Agree; co:agent :owner; co:theme :Pattern. Condition ≡ Transfer ⊓ ∃ recipient.{owner} ⊓ ∃ theme.{3EurosAmount} ∃agent.Subscribers ⊓ ∃ aim.Pattern ⊓ (≤ 1 aim) :Pattern co:condition :Condition.

Additional actions and case roles:

Agree (Disagree): state what is permitted (prohibited)

condition : links to another pattern that must satisfied

aim : links condition pattern to conditioned one

consequence: links pattern to obliged one

License Modelling Description Logic reasoners implement pattern matching If instance action classified in OWL Class for pattern Use SPARQL queries to check action permitted by agreed pattern and condition fulfilment: ASK { ?agreement rdf:type co:Agree; co:theme ?pattern . :copy rdf:type ?pattern ; co:agent ?consumer ; co:condition ?conditionPattern . ?condition rdf:type ?conditionPattern ; co:agent ?consumer ; co:aim :copy.}

Description Logic reasoners

implement pattern matching

If instance action classified in OWL Class for pattern

Use SPARQL queries to check action permitted by agreed pattern and condition fulfilment:

Conclusions & Future Work

Conclusions & Future Work Semantic DRM module for LUISA based on the Copyright Ontology Facilitate interoperability Flexible enough to accommodate different licensing schemes Future work: Model LUISA partners licenses Test the whole range of LUISA scenarios Check scalability

Semantic DRM module for LUISA based on the Copyright Ontology

Facilitate interoperability

Flexible enough to accommodate different licensing schemes

Future work:

Model LUISA partners licenses

Test the whole range of LUISA scenarios

Check scalability