The document discusses the development of a copyright management model for the LUISA semantic learning content management system, focusing on enhancing interoperability in e-learning through structured licensing terms. It critiques existing DRM standards for their limited expressivity and proposes using a copyright ontology to create more flexible and semantic licensing expressions. Future work involves testing various licensing schemes to ensure scalability and adaptability within the LUISA project.

1. Copyright Management for the LUISA Semantic Learning Content Management System Roberto García Universitat de Lleida, Spain Tomas Pariente ATOS Origin SAE, Spain www.luisa-project.eu LUISA is an European Comission FP6 funded Specific Targeted Research Project

2. Table of Contents Introduction Motivation Related Work Proposal Copyright Model License Modelling Conclusions & Future Work

3. Introduction “ Web-spread” of e-Learning solutions requires Interoperability Enabler: richer semantics than current metadata specifications for learning resources LUISA (EU-IST-FP6): reference semantic and service-oriented architecture for e-Learning Search, interchange and delivery of learning objects Face interoperability at different levels using Semantic Web technologies

4. Motivation At the content copyright level: eLearning DRM interoperability Main problem: lack of structured and formal ways to express the licensing terms of learning objects Sakai : predefined and simple copyright status sentences “ Material is in public domain” or “I hold copyright” “ Use copyright below” + text box LOM : set of attributes for stating learning object rights: “ Cost”, “Copyright and Other Restrictions” and “Description”

5. Related Work Creative Commons: Focus on open licensing schemes e.g. Open Courseware Extension for custom licensing schemes (CCPlus), but not based on formalised license building blocks DRM Standards: ISO/IEC MPEG-21 Rights Expression Language (REL) Open Digital Rights Language (ODRL)

6. Related Work DRM Standards issues [1]: Don’t scale well to open environments like the Web More appropriate for closed domains Cause interoperability issues One of the main DRM end-users complains Rights language limited expressivity Difficult to accommodate copyright law Standardisation based on formal language grammar, no formal semantics [1] Electronic Frontier Foundation Report by Doctorow, 2005

7. Proposal Use the Copyright Ontology [1] in order to model e-Learning copyright licenses More expressive than XML approaches Facilitates interoperability , works at the semantic level Based on a copyright law model, WIPO worldwide recommendations [2] Also based on Semantic Web technologies Copyright Ontology: provides the building blocks and restrictions to flexibly model LOs licensing terms [1] Copyright Ontology, http://rhizomik.net/ontologies/copyrightonto [2] World Intellectual Property Organisation, http://www.wipo.int

8. Copyright Model Rights Model

9. Copyright Model Victor Hugo’s Les Misérables Creation Model

10. Copyright Model Action Model

11. Copyright Model Actions governed by rights, economic rights : Reproduction Right: Copy Distribution Right: Distribute More specifically: Sell , Rent and Lend Public Performance Right: Perform Fixation Right: Record Communication Right: Broadcast and Make Available . Transformation Right: Derive Specialisations: Adapt and Translate

12. License Modelling Primitive actions – case roles  action participants initiator resource goal essence Action agent, effector instrument result, recipient patient, theme Process agent, origin matter result, recipient patient, theme Transfer agent, origin instrument, medium experiencer, recipient theme Spatial origin path destination location Temporal start duration completion pointInTime Ambient reason manner aim, consequence condition

13. License Modelling Combine these building blocks to model licenses Both commercial and open access terms Main component: Action Pattern Defined combining restrictions using logical operators Pattern ≡ Copy ⊓ ∀ pointInTime. ≥ 2008-01-01, ≤ 2008-06-30 ⊓ ∃ agent.Subscribers ⊓ ∃ theme.{learningObject}

14. License Modelling Additional actions and case roles: Agree (Disagree): state what is permitted (prohibited) condition : links to another pattern that must satisfied aim : links condition pattern to conditioned one consequence: links pattern to obliged one :agreement a co:Agree; co:agent :owner; co:theme :Pattern. Condition ≡ Transfer ⊓ ∃ recipient.{owner} ⊓ ∃ theme.{3EurosAmount} ∃agent.Subscribers ⊓ ∃ aim.Pattern ⊓ (≤ 1 aim) :Pattern co:condition :Condition.

15. License Modelling Description Logic reasoners implement pattern matching If instance action classified in OWL Class for pattern Use SPARQL queries to check action permitted by agreed pattern and condition fulfilment: ASK { ?agreement rdf:type co:Agree; co:theme ?pattern . :copy rdf:type ?pattern ; co:agent ?consumer ; co:condition ?conditionPattern . ?condition rdf:type ?conditionPattern ; co:agent ?consumer ; co:aim :copy.}

16. Conclusions & Future Work

17. Conclusions & Future Work Semantic DRM module for LUISA based on the Copyright Ontology Facilitate interoperability Flexible enough to accommodate different licensing schemes Future work: Model LUISA partners licenses Test the whole range of LUISA scenarios Check scalability