1. Erik Erikson

2. Group Members
Malik Muhammad Bilal
M Zumard Rizwan Shah

3. Introduction
 Born in Germany on June 15th
1902.
 He was an artist and a teacher
in the late 1920s
 He immigrated to the US in 1933
and taught at Yale and Harvard
University.
 He became interested in the
influence of society and culture
on child development.

4. Field of Research
 He studied groups of children to learn about the
influence of society and culture on child development.
 Erikson’s theory consists of eight stages of
development. Each stage is characterized by a
different conflict that must be resolved by the individual
before moving to next stage.

5. Theory of
development stages

6. Stage 1: Basic Trust vs. Mistrust
 Birth to age 1
 Totally dependent on others
 If needs are fulfilled child
develops trust,
If not child develops
mistrust

7. Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame
and Doubt
 Ages 1-3
 Child becomes able of
making choice
 If child’s independence is opposed,
child develops feelings of self-doubt,
shame in dealing with others

8. Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt
 Ages 3-5
 Child show desire to take initiative in
activities
 Parents punishment can develop guilt that
will affect self-directed activity throughout
life

9. Stage 4: Industriousness vs.
Inferiority
 Ages 6-11
 Child develops cognitive abilities to enable
in task completion (school work, play)
 Parents/teachers do not support child’s
efforts, child develops feelings of inferiority
and inadequacy

10. Stage 5: Identity vs. Role
Confusion
 Ages 12-18
 Form ego identity or self-image
 Identity crisis or confusion of ego identity

11. Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation
 Ages 18-35
 Undertake productive work and establish
intimate relationships
 Inability to establish intimacy leads to
social isolation

12. Stage 7: Generativity vs.
Stagnation
 Ages 35-55
 Active involvement in teaching/guiding the
next generation
 Stagnation-stage of inactivity

13. Stage 8: Ego Integrity vs.
Despair
 Ages 55+
 People evaluate their past life
 Integrity: Look back with satisfaction
 Despair: Review with anger, frustration

15.  Ambiguous terms and concepts
 Lack of precision
 Most of the research was on males
 Some terms are not easily measureable
empirically

16. Erikson’s Contributions
 He worked for child development by studying
groups of Native American children and developed
the concept of identity crisis.
 He was concerned with the relationship between
society/culture and child development, which he
termed “psychosocial development”.
 He studied Impact of social, cultural, personal and
situational forces in forming personality.

17. The end