1. ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH
NEEDS ASSESSMENT
IN POST DISASTER SITUATION
(Principles for Reconstruction)
Fuad Amsyari MD, PhD
Presented at International Seminar on Disaster
Management, Airlangga Medical School,
Surabaya, 16 June 2012

2. 1. DISASTER
2. ENVIRONMENT
3. HEALTH
4. ASSESSMENT
5. PROSPECT

3. 1. DISASTER:
A SUDDEN GREAT MISFORTUNE,
i.e. ONE BRINGING WITH IT
DESTRUCTION OF LIFE OR
PROPERTY OR CAUSING
COMPLETE RUIN

4. It may happen in a limited or vast area

5. People must response it with adequate
actions to save their life (including
health) and belongings (including the
environment where they live)
Including:
Reconstraction at Post Disaster
Tragedy

6. THE SEQUENCE OF DISASTER
OCCURANCE:
1. Pre Disaster Condition
2. Disaster
3. Post Disaster Situation

7. POST DISASTER SITUATION
NEEDS TO BE ASSESSED FOR
BASIS OF
PROPER RECONSTRUCTION

8. ASSESSMENT COVERS:
PRINCIPLES and DATA
on
ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH

9. PROPER RECONSTRACTION
is supposed leading to
BETTER ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH
for the people

10. 2. ENVIRONMENT
EVERYTHING BEYOND INDIVIDUAL
SYSTEM, covering Social, Bio-Chemical,
and Physical components

11. PRINCIPLES ON
ENVIRONMENT
ECOLOGICAL THEORY and
CONCEPT OF ECOSYSTEM

12. ECOSYSTEM
an entity in which there are complex
interactions between people, plants,
animals, and materials in such a way
making and toward stability

13. THE DYNAMIC OF ECOSYSTEM:
Stable Natural Ecosystem,
- by Natural Disaster
- by Human Activities
Unstable Ecosystem,
- ecological succession process
- through management
Restabilized Ecosystem:
- natural
- man made

14. ECOSYSTEM IS FOR:
-Energy sources
(food and non-food)
-Habitat to stay and live
(convenience surroundings)

15. ECOSYSTEM QUALITY:
= Degradation: loosing natural
resources
= Pollution: habitat in unhealthy
condition

16. MAN and ECOSYSTEM:
-Man is UNSEPARABLE PARTS of
ecosystem
-Stable ecosystem makes human life in
harmony
-Unstable ecosystem makes people in
disharmony

17. NATURAL DISASTER MAKES
ECOSYSTEM UNSTABLE,
EFFORTS MUST BE MADE TO
STABLIZE IT AGAIN TO PROVIDE
HARMONY

18. IF NATURAL DISASTER OCCURS
IN VAST AREA:
THE RECONSTRUCTION MUST
OBEY ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES
FOR SPATIAL PLANNING OF
A REGION

19. ECOLOGICAL RULES:
Fuel Powered Ecosystem
(City/Industries)
must be supported sufficiently by:
Subsidized Natural Ecosystem
(Agriculture)
and
Natural Ecosystem
(Forest)

20. IF NATURAL DISASTER OCCURS
IN LIMITED AREA:
THE RECONSTRUCTION IS TO
RECOVER THE PRIOR
ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
OF THE AREA

21. IF NATURAL DISASTER OCCURS
IN SPECIFIC AREA, i.e. A CITY:
THE RECONSTRUCTION IS
DIRECTED TO BUILD IDEAL
SPATIAL PLANNING OF A CITY

22. CITY SPATIAL PLANNING:
- Green Belt Zone
- Residential Area
- Industrial Zone
- Public Facilities
- Transportation Network

23. An Ideal City has:
20% area for Green Belt
20% area for Transportation

24. Green Belt
Area, 75% of which is planted with trees

25. 3. HEALTH
(WHO DEFINITION)
‘a state of complete physical, mental, and
social wellbeing and not merely the absence
of disease and infirmity’.
The state of health of a person is quite
dynamic, subject to environmental quality

26. IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH:
Health is not everything, but without
health everything becomes nothing

27. DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
Genetic System Environment
- Activation of Selective Genes
(epigenetic mechanism)
- Point Mutation

28. As Genetic System is subject to
Environment,
so
the dominant determinant of
health status stays on the Quality
of Environment

29. NEW PARADIGM IN HEALTH:
Better Health
by
Holistic Approach
through
Healthy Environment.

30. MOST RECENT ORIENTATION ON
MEDICAL/HEALTH SERVICES
Predict and Prevent
rather than
Simply Respond
to Epidemic/Pandemic Case

31. HEALTH ECOLOGY
rather than
CLASSICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

32. THOSE NEW ORIENTATION
IS BENEFICIAL FOR
ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH
ASESSMENT
IN POST DISASTER SITUATION

33. 4. ASSESSMENT
The Act of Assessing, i.e. to
determine the importance or value
of a subject of interest

34. DATA TO BE ASSESSED:
1. DISASTER
- Type of disaster
- Time of occurrence
- Single or Prolonged
- New or Recurrent

35. 2. ENVIRONMENT
-Area of impact
-Type of Ecosystem ruined
- Zones of city destroyed
- Housing
- Infrastructure
- Economic assets
- Cultural asset
- Quality of Air, Water, and Land

36. 3. HEALTH
- Mortality and Morbidity Rate
- Projection no. of victims
- Spreading of disease agents
- Identification of high risk group
- Availability of Food & Drinking water
-Availability of Sanitation
- Availability of Health Facilities

37. 5. PROSPECT

38. THE HANDLING OF POST DISASTER
SITUATION REQUIRES:
Quick and Proper Actions by Government
(Most Resposible)
Supported by:
Scientific Society
Private Sectors
Communities

39. RECONSTRUCTION AT POST
DISASTER TRAGEDY
should include
BETTER STRATEGY ON
DEVELOPMENT OF THE AREA

40. Precautious Actions against potential
occurrence of Disasters:
-identification of high risk area
-surveillance via pre-emptive signal

41. New Strategy on Development is
required, i.e.:
“Religion and Environment Based
National Development”
to prevent/minimize frequent
occurrences of Natural and Man-Made
Disasters
(detailed information at my blog:
fuadamsyari.wordpress.com)

42. People believe that
NATURAL DISASTERS
is
God’s Warnings
for unfaithful community

43. MAN-MADE DISASTERS
is the impact of
Development Strategy neglecting
ENVIRONMENT

44. Thank You,
(Wassalaam)