Cellular energy is obtained through breaking chemical bonds in foods like glucose. ATP is the main carrier of energy in cells, gaining phosphate groups for energy storage and losing them for energy release. Cellular respiration breaks down glucose and uses oxygen to produce ATP through glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen through light-dependent and light-independent reactions in chloroplasts.