Teachers little helper.

1. Then & Now & Punctuation
Past Simple, Regular Verbs, Irregular Verbs, Words that go
together
Belinda Baardsen, American Ex Pat, Saudi
Arabia

2. ~ Past Simple ~
The Past Simple ~
expresses a past
action that is finished.
1. I lived in Rome when I was six.
2. She started to work when she
was eight.
****The Form of the Past Simple – is
the same in all persons.

3. Past Simple ~ Positive
I
He/She/It To
Moved
We Denver
You went in 1885.
They

4. Past Simple ~ Negative
We use didn’t + infinitive (without to) in
all persons.
I
He/She/It
Didn’t Move To
We Did not go Denver.
You
They

5. Past Simple ~ Question
We use did + infinitive (without to) in all
persons.
I
You
When He/she/it
did We
Go?
Where They

6. Past Simple ~ Yes/No Questions
You
She Like The class?
Did
They enjoy The game?
Etc.
No, I didn’t. / No, we didn’t.
Yes, she did.
No, they didn’t.

7. Past Simple ~ spelling of regular verbs
The Normal Rule is to add = ed
1. Work = ed --- Worked
2. Start = ed --- Started
*If the verb ends with – e, add – d.
1. Live = d --- Lived
2. Love = d --- loved

8. Past Simple ~ spelling of regular
verbs
If the verb has only one syllable, and
ends in one vowel and one
consonant, double the consonant.
1. Stop = ped ---- Stopped
2. Plan = ned ----- Planned

9. Past Simple ~ spelling of regular
verbs
Verbs that end in a consonant + - y change to – ied.
1. Study = ied ---- studied
2. Carry = ied ---- carried

10. Past Simple ~ Negative
~ Negative ~
Negatives in the Past Simple are the same
in all persons.
I
He/She Go out
We Didn’t See Tom Last night.
You Watch TV
They

11. Past Simple ~ Ago
Ten years
I went to the USA Two weeks Ago.
A month

12. Time Expressions
The twentieth century.
1924
Winter/summer
In In The evening/the
morning
September
10 October
On On Saturday
Sunday evening
Seven o’clock
At At Weekends
night

13. Prepositions ~
What’s on television this
evening?
I’m on the bus.
We spoke for an hour on the
phone.
Some people do research on
the internet.
We didn’t laugh at his joke.
There was knock at the door.
Today’s the third of April.

14. Vocabulary &
Pronunciation
-al -ion -ing -er -ence
1.I watched televis___ last night
after I had dinn_____.
2.I watched television last night
after I had dinner.
Turn to page (63) of your Headway Plus Book – and fill
in the blanks with the correct endings.
Review

15. Adjectives
Use one of the endings to
complete the adjectives:
-y -ly -ous -ful -
able -ive -ed -ent
-ic -ant
This ice cream is delic____. I
love it! But, it’s very
expens____.
This ice cream is delicious. I
love it! But, it’s very
expensive.
**Turn to Page**63**Complete

16. What is punctuation?
Question mark – when do we use it? Why do we
use it? We use it when we are asking
questions, and we want the reader to know it.

17. What is punctuation?
Punctuation
When speaking, we can pause or change the tone of our
voices to indicate emphasis. When writing, we must use
punctuation to indicate these places of emphasis. This
resource should help to clarify when and how to use various
marks of punctuation.

36. Capitalization

42. Capitalization Rules
Rule 1
Capitalize the first
word of a quoted
sentence.
Examples:
He said, "Treat her as you would
your own daughter.“
"Look out!" she screamed. "You
almost ran into my child."

43. Rule 2
Capitalize a proper noun.
Example:
Golden Gate Bridge

44. Rule 3
Capitalize a person's title when it precedes the name.
Do not capitalize when the title is acting as a
description following the name.
Examples:
Chairperson Petrov
Ms. Petrov, the chairperson of the company, will
address us at noon.

45. Rule 4
Capitalize the person's
title when it follows the
name on the address or
signature line.
Example:
Sincerely,
Ms. Haines, Chairperson

46. Rule 5
Capitalize the titles of high-ranking government officials when
used before their names. Do not capitalize the civil title if it is used
instead of the name.
Examples:
The president will address Congress.
All senators are expected to attend.
The governors, lieutenant governors, and attorneys general called
for a special task force.
Governor Fortinbrass, Lieutenant Governor Poppins, King
Abdullah, Queen Elizabeth, Attorney General Dalloway, and
Senators James and Twain will attend.

47. Rule 6
Capitalize any title
when used as a
direct address.
Example:
Will you take my
temperature, Doctor
?

48. Rule 7
Capitalize points of the compass only when they refer to specific regions.
Examples:
We have had three relatives visit from the South.
Go south three blocks and then turn left.
We live in the southeast section of town.
Southeast is just an adjective here describing section, so it should not be
capitalized.

49. Rule 8
Always capitalize the first and last words of titles of publications regardless
of their parts of speech. Capitalize other words within titles, including the
short verb forms Is, Are, and Be.
Exception:
Do not capitalize little words within titles such as
a, an, the, but, as, if, and, or, nor, or prepositions, regardless of their length.
Examples:
The Day of the Jackal
What Color Is Your Parachute?
A Tale of Two Cities

50. Rule 9
Capitalize federal or state when used as part of an official agency name or
in government documents where these terms represent an official name. If
they are being used as general terms, you may use lowercase letters.
Examples:
The state has evidence to the contrary.
That is a federal offense.
The State Board of Equalization collects sales taxes.
We will visit three states during our summer vacation.
The Federal Bureau of Investigation has been subject to much scrutiny
and criticism lately.
Her business must comply with all county, state, and federal laws.

51. Rule 10
You may capitalize words such as
department, bureau, and office if you
have prepared your text in the following
way:
Example:
The Bureau of Land Management
(Bureau) has some jurisdiction over
Indian lands. The Bureau is finding its
administrative role to be challenging.

52. Rule 11
Do not capitalize names of seasons.
Example:
I love autumn colors and spring flowers.

53. Rule 12
Capitalize the first word
of a salutation and the
first word of a
complimentary close.
Examples:
Dear Ms. Mohamed:
My dear Mr. Sanchez:
Very truly yours,

54. Rule 13
Capitalize words derived from proper nouns.
Example:
I must take English and math.
English is capitalized because it comes from the proper noun
England, but math does not come from Mathland.

55. Rule 14
Capitalize the names of specific course titles.
Example:
I must take history and Algebra 2.

56. Rule 15
After a sentence ending with a colon, do not capitalize the first
word if it begins a list.
Example:
These are my favorite foods: chocolate cake, spaghetti, and
artichokes.

57. Rule 16
Do not capitalize when only one sentence follows a sentence
ending with a colon.
Example:
I love Jane Smiley's writing: her book, A Thousand Acres, was
beautiful.

58. Rule 17
Capitalize when two or more sentences follow a sentence
ending with a colon.
Example:
I love Jane Smiley's writing: Her book, A Thousand Acres, was
beautiful. Also, Moo was clever.