BURO Arduino Workshop

photo: http://flic.kr/p/5XwBFB
BURO Arduino Workshop

Arduino
…is an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software. It's intended for artists, designers, hobbyists, and anyone interested in creating interactive objects or environments.
http://arduino.cc

Physical Computing
…is an approach to learning how humans communicate through computers that starts by considering how humans express themselves physically.
- Tom Igoe
http://www.tigoe.net/pcomp/blog/archives/notes/000169.shtml

Bill Verplank
http://www.billverplank.com/Lecture/

Embedded Systems
…are computer systems designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions. They are embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. In contrast, a general-purpose computer, such as a personal computer, is designed to be flexible and to meet a wide range of an end-user's needs. Embedded systems control many of the common devices in use today..
- Smart folks at Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_systems

Why Arduino?
Inexpensive
No need for external programmers, compiler licenses etc.
Simple, clear programming environment
All done in a simple IDE, no command line voodoo
Cross-platform
Works uniformly across Windows, Linux, MacOS
Open Source!
Both software and hardwre

Hardware
Atmel Microcontroller
ATmega328 (Duemilanove) / ATmega1280(Mega)
ATmega8/ATmega168 on older versions
ATmega644 for Sanguino
Serial Bootloader
STK500 compatible
Support Circuitry
Reset, Voltage Regulator, etc…
USB/Serial Connectivity

Anatomy of an Arduino Board
digital pins
USB to serial
converter
microcontroller
(the brain!)
power circuitry
(voltage regulator and
the clever power
source selection bit)
analog pins
power pins

Official Arduino Hardware
http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Hardware

“Shield Compatible” Hardware
(1)
(2)
(3)
[1] Freeduino - http://www.freeduino.org/freeduino_open_designs.html
[2] Illuminato - http://www.liquidware.com/shop/show/ILL/Illuminato
[3] Seeeduino - http://www.seeedstudio.com/depot/seeeduino-v328-fully-assembledatmega-328-p-439.html

“Bootloader Compatible” Hardware
(3)
(2)
(1)
(4)
[1] Oak Micros om328p - http://oakmicros.com/content/om328p.html
[2] Modified Pico - http://www.modifiedelectronics.com/mp-01.php
[3] Boarduino - http://www.ladyada.net/make/boarduino/index.html
[4] Sanguino - http://sanguino.cc/

Alternative form factors 
Breadboard Arduino
http://bit.ly/7QMkbx
One-Chip Arduino
http://bit.ly/WXqeU

There’s more!
Official boards
http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Boards
Arduino-like Boards
http://www.arduino.cc/playground/Main/SimilarBoards
Other ‘duinos
http://www.freeduino.org/duino.html
...and possibly others

Arduino Shields
(3)
(1)
(4)
(2)
[1] Adafruit Motor Shield - http://ladyada.net/make/mshield/index.html
[2] Nu Electronics LCD shield - http://www.nuelectronics.com/estore/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=1&products_id=2
[3] Arduino Ethernet Shield - http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoEthernetShield
[4] Adafruit Wave Shield - http://ladyada.net/make/waveshield/index.html

Again, there’s more!
http://www.arduino.cc/playground/Main/SimilarBoards
Look under ‘Shields’
Some cool ones:
Liquidware
TouchShield
http://www.liquidware.com/shop/show/TS/TouchShield+Stealth
BatsocksTellyMate Shield
http://www.batsocks.co.uk/products/Shields/TellyMate%20Shield.htm
tinker.it RFID shield
http://tinker.it/en/Teaching/RFID

Arduino Bar, Ivrea(from Massimo Banzi’s slides)

Big Computer vs. Tiny Computer
Dell Precision T1500
Atmel ATMEGA328P
CPU Speed: 2.93GHz
Quad-core!
RAM: 16GB
Storage: 2TB
I/O:
USB, Firewire, Serial, PS/2, RJ-45, Audio, etc.
CPU Speed: 20MHz
Not Quad-core
RAM: 2KB
Storage:
32KB Program Memory
1KB EEPROM
I/O:
Up to 23 generic I/O
6 of them ‘analog-capable’
UART/SPI/I2C, etc.

It’s an analog world…
Digital – only has two values: on/off
Analog – has many (infinite) values
Computers don’t really do analog
So they fake it, with quantization
From Tod E. Kurt’s ‘Spooky Projects’ notes - http://todbot.com/blog/spookyarduino/

Sensors
Temperature
Light
Humidity
Pressure
Distance
Touch/‘Knock’
Rotation

Motors
DC Motors
Servos
Steppers
Solenoids
Hydraulics
Actuators

“Modules”
Bluetooth
http://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/product_info.php?products_id=582
Character LCD
http://www.oomlout.co.uk/lcd-display-16-x-2-p-212.html
GPS
http://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/product_info.php?products_id=465

BREADBOARDS ARE COOL!

The BreadBoard!
* Drawn using the new Fritzing ( http://fritzing.org )

Arduino Software
Based on avr-gcctoolchain and the Processing IDE.
Code editor, programming tools and serial terminal all in one place.

Arduino Language
Simplified C/C++
Based on the Wiring Project
http://wiring.org.co
Peripheral Libraries
LCD, sensors, I2C, etc

Useful functions
pinMode() – set a pin as input or output
digitalWrite() – set a digital pin high/low
digitalRead() – read a digital pin’s state
analogRead() – read an analog pin
analogWrite() – write an “analog” PWM value
delay() – wait an amount of time
millis() – get the current time
http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/Extended

Example: Button

Example: SerialDisplay

Arduino Community
http://www.arduino.cc/cgi-bin/yabb2/YaBB.pl
http://www.arduino.cc/playground/

Resistor
TheHydraulicAnalogy
Capacitor
Wire
Diode
Transistor
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_analogy

Resistors
http://flic.kr/p/EDuqt

Resistors
Parallel
Connection
Series Connection
MAKE Presents: The Resistor - http://youtube.com/watch?v=-td7YT-Pums

Diodes
http://bit.ly/3f5YQt

Diodes
MAKE Presents: The Diode - http://youtube.com/watch?v=AqzYsuTRVRc

Light Emitting Diodes
http://flic.kr/p/38DLnC

LEDs
MAKE Presents: The LED - http://youtube.com/watch?v=P3PDLsJQcGI

LED Resistor Calculation
Let’s assume we have a 9V source…
R = V / I
R = (9-3.4) / (20*10-3)
R = 280 Ω
Nearest standard value is 330 Ω
List of standard resistor values: http://www.logwell.com/tech/components/resistor_values.html

Ohm’s Law
V = Voltage
I = Current
R = Resistance
V
I
R
V = Current * Resistance
I = Voltage / Resistance
R = Voltage / Current

Capacitors
http://flic.kr/p/EDtRo

Capacitors
Series Connection
Parallel
Connection
MAKE Presents: The Capacitor - http://youtube.com/watch?v=ZYH9dGl4gUE

Transistors
http://flic.kr/p/qjbnc

Transistors
MAKE Presents: The Transistor - http://youtube.com/watch?v=-td7YT-Pums

Driving LEDs with transistors(using a transistor as a switch)
VCC
Drive here…

Interfacing?
A
B

Standard Computer Interfaces
Wired
USB
Serial Port
Parallel Port
Firewire
Ethernet
And others…
Wireless
WiFi
Bluetooth
IrDA

‘Embedded’ Interfaces
SPI
I2C
1-Wire
UNI/O
And others…

Example Project: Thermometer
A temperature sensor is connected to an analog input on the Arduino
Arduino periodically reports the temperature back to PC
PC uses this data to plot graphs etc.

Thermometer: Arduino Code
intsensorPin = 0; // the analog pin that the sensor is connected to
void setup(){
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop(){
//getting the voltage reading from the temperature sensor
int reading = analogRead(sensorPin);
// converting that reading to voltage, for 3.3v arduino use 3.3
float voltage = reading * 5.0 / 1024;
// print out the voltage
Serial.print(voltage); Serial.println(" volts");
// now print out the temperature
floattemperatureC = (voltage - 0.5) * 100;
// converting from 10 mV per degree with 500 mV offset
// to degrees ((voltage - 500mV) times 100)
Serial.print(temperatureC); Serial.println(" degress C");
delay(1000); // wait a second
}
From Ladyada’s TMP36 Tutorial - http://www.ladyada.net/learn/sensors/tmp36.html

Thermometer: PC Side
Read the incoming data every X seconds (cron)
Collect and plot temperature graphs (rrdtool)
Example: thermostat-graph
http://www.anders.com/projects/thermostat-graph/
Not an Arduino project but easily hackable!

http://arduino.cc
http://arduino.cc/playground/
http://freeduino.gen.tr
http://freeduino.org
http://buroburo.net/workshop
Links…

http://localhost	71
http://freeduino.gen.tr	41
http://www.slideshare.net	14
http://omer.kilic.name	1

BURO Arduino Workshop

by Omer Kilic

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