2. Al-Amin Hasan Nirjhar
• ID: 1110333046
Fahima Faroque Archi
• ID: 1111302546
Modhuswiny Mohona
• ID:1110101046
Mustaque Alam Siddique
• ID: 1111329046
Sartaj Zabir Uddin
• ID: 1110136046
Sourabh Paul
• ID: 1110166046
Presented
By
3. Chewing gum has been used worldwide since
ancient times when man experienced the pleasure of
chewing a variety of substances.
Chewing gum can be used as a convenient
modified-release drug delivery system.
Commercially available medicated chewing gums
are currently available for ,
pain relief,
Smoking cessation
travel illness and freshening of breath.
4.
5. Fast onset
of action
Pleasant
taste
Higher
compliance
Ready
for use
7. Name Functions Examples
Elastomers Provides elasticity and
controls gummy mixture
Jelutong,nispero,polysob
utylene,isobutylene
Plasticizers Regulates cohesiveness of
the product
Natural: Glycerol esters
Synthetic: Terpene resins
Fillers or texturizers Provide texture and
improve chewability
Magnesium and calcium
carbonate,talc,limestone
Softners and
emulsifiers
Soften the mixture and give
required consistency
Glycerin,lecithin,tallow,
stearic acid,palmitic acid
Sweeteners Improve the taste of the
base gum
Sorbitol,mannitol,glucose
,mannose,sucrose,
maltose
Flavoring agents To improve flavor in
chewing gum
Citrus oil,fruit
essences,mint
oil,peppermint oil,
Coloring agent Gives desired color of final
dosage form
Titanium oxide,natural
food colors,dyes
Antioxidants Protects the gum base and
flavors from oxidation
Tocopherol,Ascorbic
acid.propyl gallate
9. Components of gumbase are softened or melted and
placed in a kettle mixer to which sweeteners, syrups,
active ingredients and other excipients are added at a
definite time.
The gum is then sent through a series of rollers that form
into a thin, wide ribbon.
During this process, a light coating of finely powdered
sugar or sugar substitutes is added to keep the gum away
from sticking and to enhance the flavour.
In a carefully controlled room, the gum is cooled for
upto 48 hours. This allows the gum to set properly.
Finally the gum is cut to the desired size and cooled at a
carefully controlled temperature and humidity.
10. 1. The CG composition (base) is cooled to a temperature at which the
composition is sufficiently brittle.
2. Amongst the various coolants like liquid nitrogen, hydrocarbon
slush use of solid carbon dioxide is preferred as it can give
temperatures as low as -78.5oC
3. The refrigerated composition is then crushed or ground to obtain
minute fragments of finely ground pieces of the composition
4. Once the coolant has been removed from the powder, the powder
can be mixed with other ingredients such as binders, lubricants,
coating agents, sweeteners etc in a suitable blender such as sigma
mixer or a high shearmixer
5. The use of FBR (Fluidized Bed Reactor) is advantageous as it
partially rebuilds the powder into granules, as well as coats the
powder particles or granules with a coating agent thereby
minimizing undesirable particle agglomeration.
6. The granules so obtained can be mixed with antiadherents like talc.
The mixture can be blended in a V type blender, screened & staged
for compression.
7. Compression can be carried out by any conventional process like
punching.
11. 1. Direct compression chewing gum can be directly
compressed on a traditional tabletting machine, thus
enabling rapid and low cost development of a gum delivery
system .
2. Directly compressible free flowing powdered gums is
obtained by mixtures of polyols and/or sugars with gum
base.
3. These can be compacted in to a tablet form using a
conventional tablet press.
4. The products are harder than their counter parts and
texture analysis shows that they crumble under applied
pressure.
5. These chewing gums can include higher levels of active .
ingredients than traditional extruded gums, low
temperature protects sensitive bioactivity and
phytochemical components, moreover lower moisture
content also improves shelf life of active molecules.
Release is faster than from the conventional gums.
12. Title in Conventional
or traditional method
Freezing, drying &
tableting method
Direct compression
method
Manufacturing of
thermolabile may become
challenging as elevated
temperature is required
during melting; If the gum is
highly viscous, accurate
dosing is not possible; Lack of
precise form, shape, weight of
dosage form; Grinding and
compression difficult to
formulate chewing gum as
tablets due to high moisture
content.
High-tech, expensive
equipments are
required. Careful
monitoring of humidity
during manufacturing
process become a
challenge.
The main disadvantage is its
sticking effect to the
punches of the tableting
equipment. The effect is
due to the adhesive nature
of the gum, for this reason,
the procedure is difficult
and needs slower
production speed and
cooling operations to
prevent the tableting
machine damage.
13. Weight variation
Ten chewing gums of each formulation are
weighed. The average weight and standard
deviation are calculated.
Uniformity of content
Ten gums are elected randomly. Each gum is first
dissolved in 50 ml suitable solvent. The amount of
active ingredient is determined by measuring UV
absorbance. The experiment is repeated three
times.
14. In vitro drug release
A mastication device which simulates the mastication of
chewing gum in human is used to perform the drug
release study. The device consisted of a piston which
strokes the gum (60 strokes/min) at different points on
a random base and a chamber which holds the gum and
the release medium (pH 6.8 phosphate buffer). Water
(37°C) was circulated through a jacket around the
receiver chamber to simulate the in vivo temperature.
Sample taken at different time interval are analyzed by
UV spectroscopy.
Others
Color, shape, fragrance, taste etc are observed.
16. Nicotine gum
Nicotine gum is a type of chewing gum that delivers
nicotine to the body. It is used as an aid in nicotine
replacement therapy (NRT), a process for smoking
cessation and quitting smokeless tobacco. The nicotine is
delivered to the bloodstream via absorption by the
tissues of the mouth.
It is currently available over-the-counter in Europe, the US
and elsewhere. The pieces are usually available in
individual foil packages and come in various flavors.
Nicotine content is usually either 2 or 4 mg of nicotine,
roughly the nicotine content of 1 or 2 cigarettes, with the
appropriate content and dosage depending on the
smoking habits of the user.
17. Contact
Time
Factors
affecting
release
of API
Physicochemical
properties of
API
Formulation
factor
Inter
individual
variability
20. Dose not requires water to swallow. Hence can be take
anywhere.
Excellent for acute medication.
Counteracts dry mouth, prevents candidiasis and caries.
Avoids First Pass Metabolism and thus increases the
bioavailability of drugs.
Stomach does not suffer from direct contact with high
concentrations of active principles, thus reducing the risk of
intolerance of gastric mucosa.
Fast onset due to rapid release of active ingredients in buccal cavity
and subsequent absorption in systemic circulation.
21. Risk of over dosage.
Sorbitol present in MCG formulation may cause flatulence,
diarrhea.
Additives in gum like flavouring agent, Cinnamon can cause
ulcers in oral cavity and Licorice cause Hypertension.
Prolong chewing on gum may result in pain in facial
muscles and earache in children.
Chewing gum have been shown to adhere to different
degrees to enamel dentures and fillers.
Chlorhexidine oromucosal application is limited to short term use
because of its unpleasant taste and staining properties to teeth and
tongue
22. Trade Name Active Drugs Use
Nicorette Nicotine Smoking cessation
Nicotinell Nicotine Smoking cessation
NiQuitin CQ Nicotine Smoking cessation
Fluorette Fluoride Dental flourosis
HEXIT Chlorhexidine Prevent tooth decay
Vitaflo CHX Chlorhexidine Prevent tooth decay
Advanced plus Chlorhexidine Prevent tooth decay
Stay Alert Caffeine Stimulant
Travvell Dimenhydrinate Motion sickness
Chooz Calcium carbonate Antacid
Stamil vitamin C Vitamin C Anti-oxidant
23.
24. Nowadays more and more disease can be treated with
NDDS.
Generally it takes time for a new drug delivery system to
establish itself in the market.
But MCG is believed to manifest its position as a
convenient and advantageous drug delivery system as it
meets the high quality standards of Pharmaceutical
Industry and can be formulated to obtain different release
profiles of active substances.
In the future we may see that more and more drugs
formulated into chewing gum in preference to other
delivery systems.
The reason is simple that the chewing gum delivery system
is convenient , easy to administer anywhere, anytime and
its pleasant taste increases the product acceptability and
patient compliance.
25. Finally it is concluded that chewing is an
excellent drug delivery system for self
medication and having its own merits.
So in forth coming years it will be a
much more common and popular drug
delivery system.
