2. Adiabatic Temp. Change and Expansion
and cooling
• Unsaturated air
• Wet adiabatic rat is always lower than dry
• Temp. changes happen even if heat isn’t
added or subtracted.
3. Orographic Lifting
• Occurs when elevated terrains act bas barriers
to the air flow.
• Air goes up a mountain slope, is compresses
and cooling often generates clouds.
• Many rainiest places have windward slopes.
4. Frontal Wedging
• Masses of warm air and cold air collide
• Denser air acts, less dense air rises
• Middle-latitude are used for storm systems
5. Convergence
• Air masses forces air to rise
• The lower it is, it starts to lift
• Warm days the air is from the ocean to the
land
6. Localized Convective Lifting
• Warm days, unequal heating of Earths surface
may cause some pockets of air to be warmed
• Warming of air is called thermal
• Process the products rising thermals is
localizes convection lifting.
7. Stability
• Air is forced to rise
• Temperature would drop because of
expansion
• Volume of air was cooler than the surrounding
environment.
8. Condensation
• Happens when water vapor in the air changes
to a liquid
• For condensation to occur, the air must be
saturated
• Saturated occurs at dew point or when water
vapor is added in the air
9. Types of clouds
• Cirrus- clouds are high, white, occur ad
patches
• Cumulus- consist if rounded individual cloud
mass, have flat bases
• Stratus- are like sheets, or a layer that covers
most the of sky
10. High Clouds
• All high clouds are thin & white.
• Temperature is low with small quantities of
water vapor presents a high altitude
• Clouds are not considered precipitation
markers
11. Middle clouds
• Range to 2000 to 6000 meters
• Have prefix of alto
• White to grayish color of sheet
12. Low Clouds
• Stratus, Stratocumulus, and Nimbostratus
• cloud growth is a type in common when air id
forced upwards
• Stable air can result in a cloud layer that is
largely horicaontal
13. Clouds Of Vertical Development
• Clouds don’t fit into any of the three height
categories.
• Have bases in low height range but extended
upward
• Once upward movement is triggered,
acceleration is powerful, clouds with great
vertical rang form.
14. Fog
• No difference between fog and a cloud
• Defined as a cloud
• When fog is dense, visibility may be few dozen
meters for less
15. Cold Clouds Precipitation
• Relies on two physical processes: super
cooling and supersaturating
• Cloud droplets to not freeze at 0c
• Rainfall can deal with clouds located below
the freeing point
16. Warm Clouds Precipitation
• Mechanism forms raindrops, in the collision-
coalscence process
• Salt can remove water vapor form the air
• Large droplets move through clouds, collide
and coalesce
17. Rain and Snow
• Rain mean drops of water falling from clouds
• Snow melt and continue their descent as rain
before they reach the ground
• Light, fluffy snow made up of individual six-
sides ice crystals
18. Sleet, Glaze and hail
• Sleet is the fall of small particles of clear to
translucent ice
• Glaze is known for freezing rain, raindrops
become super-cooled
• Hail is produced in cumulonimbus clouds,
hailstones begin as small ice pellets that grow
by collection super-cooled water droplets
