Towards the Web of Things: Web Mashups for the Real-World @ MEM 2009

Towards the Web of Things: Web Mashups for Embedded Devices Dominique Guinard and Vlad Trifa Institute for Pervasive Computing, ETH Zurich and SAP Research Zurich [email_address] www.guinard.org

Discussing the Web of Things Dominique Guinard, ETH / SAP Research Zurich, webofthings.com [http://www.flickr.com/photos/sharynmorrow/ ] MEM @ WWW 2009, Madrid

Embedded Devices Invade us! Dominique Guinard, ETH / SAP Research Zurich, webofthings.com

Emergence of the physical Web

Embedded devices get more powerful .

They are also getting connected to the Web.

MEM @ WWW 2009, Madrid

From a Large Ecosystem to a Large Playground

Huge eco-system of devices.

About 1000 smart objects / person:

and… about 1000 systems to use them and build applications on top of them.

How do we enable people to create applications on top of this great eco-system?

Dominique Guinard, ETH / SAP Research Zurich, webofthings.com “ re-think the way we design computing systems in order to take into account the >1000 smart objects per people we will soon have to deal with.” David Orban MEM @ WWW 2009, Madrid

Web 2.0 Mashups

Mashups are a nice example of « easily » building new applications on top of a virtual eco-system of services.

Not the universal answer but seemingly adapted to dynamic and moderately big use-cases involving end-users.

How about creating real-world mashups?

Dominique Guinard, ETH / SAP Research Zurich, webofthings.com MEM @ WWW 2009, Madrid

Web of Things (WOT) in a Nutshell

Fully integrating embedded devices to the Web, by designing “web-oriented” APIs for embedded devices:

A Web-page for each “service”.

A RESTful API to access and consume them.

As a result:

Embedded devices are easier to build upon.

We get the goodies of the web almost for free (caching, linking, searching, authenticating, etc.)

And enable physical mashups, i.e. small, ad-hoc composite applications involving real-world embedded devices.

MEM @ WWW 2009, Madrid Dominique Guinard, ETH / SAP Research Zurich, webofthings.com

Our 5 Courses Menu

Discussing the Web of Things

A Web Oriented Architecture for the Real-World

Building RESTful APIs for Real-World Devices

Integration Patterns: Gateway vs Direct Integration

Implementation and Prototypes

RESTful Sun SPOTs

RESTful Ploggs

Real-World Mashups

Energie Visible Google Web Toolkit UI

Ambient Meter

A Web Oriented Architecture for the Real-World Dominique Guinard, ETH / SAP Research Zurich, webofthings.com [ http://www.flickr.com/photos/julianbleecker ] MEM @ WWW 2009, Madrid

Our 5 Courses Menu

RESTful Sun SPOTs

RESTful Ploggs

Real-World Mashups

Ambient Meter

1. Resource Design

Thanks to their atomicity services on embedded devices are quite adapted to Resource-Oriented Architectures.

Root: http://webofthings.com/

Resources:

Spots: http://webofthings.com/spots

Spot 2: http://webofthings.com/spots/2

Light Sensor: http://webofthings.com/spots/2/sensors/light

Led Actuator: http://webofthings.com/spots/2/actuators/led/

XHTML as default, ideal for browsing:

http://webofthings.com/spots

JSON, ideal for parsing:

http://webofthings.com/spots.json

XML, ideal for integration

http://webofthings.com/spots.xml

2. Representation Design Dominique Guinard, ETH / SAP Research Zurich, webofthings.com MEM @ WWW 2009, Madrid

3. Uniform Interface Dominique Guinard, ETH / SAP Research Zurich, webofthings.com [ HTTP: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol] MEM @ WWW 2009, Madrid

3. Uniform Interface

HTTP Verbs: What do you want to do?

GET: retrieve the representation of a resource.

PUT: create or update a resource.

DELETE: remove a resource.

POST: create a subordinate (or custom: RPC!)

HTTP Headers: What type of data are you sending me?

Metadata:

Content type: application/json, text/html, etc.

Status:

200 OK, 201 Create, 400 Bad Request, 401 Unauthorized

HTTP Body: The actual data.

The content in its representation.

Integration Patterns: Gateway vs Direct Dominique Guinard, ETH / SAP Research Zurich, webofthings.com Web Cloud Smart Gateway RESTful API BT Zigbee … API1 API2 Web Cloud Web Server Eventing MEM @ WWW 2009, Madrid IPv6 (lowpan) Compose Visualize Search Physical Mashups Compose Visualize Search Physical Mashups RESTful API Web Server RESTful API Web Server

Implementation and Prototypes Dominique Guinard, ETH / SAP Research Zurich, webofthings.com [http://www.flickr.com/photos/sharynmorrow/47086098/ ] MEM @ WWW 2009, Madrid

Our 5 Courses Menu

RESTful Sun SPOTs

RESTful Ploggs

Real-World Mashups

Ambient Meter

Direct Integration Dominique Guinard, ETH / SAP Research Zurich, webofthings.com Web Cloud Smart Gateway RESTful API BT Zigbee … API1 API2 Web Cloud Web Server Eventing MEM @ WWW 2009, Madrid IPv6 (lowpan) Compose Visualize Search Physical Mashups Compose Visualize Search Physical Mashups RESTful API Web Server RESTful API Web Server

The RESTful SunSPOTs Project

Create a « SmartLogger » that can be attached to shipments.

www.webofthings.com/ tag/smartlogger/

Architecture MEM @ WWW 2009, Madrid Dominique Guinard, ETH / SAP Research Zurich, webofthings.com

Integration using Gateways Dominique Guinard, ETH / SAP Research Zurich, webofthings.com Web Cloud Smart Gateway RESTful API BT Zigbee … API1 API2 Web Cloud Web Server Eventing MEM @ WWW 2009, Madrid IPv6 (lowpan) Compose Visualize Search Physical Mashups Compose Visualize Search Physical Mashups RESTful API Web Server RESTful API Web Server

The « Energie Visible » Project Dominique Guinard, ETH / SAP Research Zurich, webofthings.com

Aim:

Monitor and control your energy consumption at home.

Fully integrate the monitoring and control to the web.

www.webofthings.com/energievisible/

Gateway and Mini Webserver Sensors (Ploggs) Devices Web / Mobile Interface MEM @ WWW 2009, Madrid

RESTful Plogg Gateway Dominique Guinard, ETH / SAP Research Zurich, webofthings.com MEM @ WWW 2009, Madrid

Talk to devices: The WEB Way Dominique Guinard, ETH / SAP Research Zurich, webofthings.com MEM @ WWW 2009, Madrid

Demo Dominique Guinard, ETH / SAP Research Zurich, webofthings.com MEM @ WWW 2009, Madrid

Examples of Real-World Mashups Dominique Guinard, ETH / SAP Research Zurich, webofthings.com [http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevlar ] MEM @ WWW 2009, Madrid

Our 5 Courses Menu

Motivation

Discussing Real-World Integration Schemes

WS-* Web Services

RESTful APIs

RESTful Sun SPOTs

RESTful Ploggs

Real-World Mashups

Ambient Meter

Enable Real-World Mashups Dominique Guinard, ETH / SAP Research Zurich, webofthings.com URL URL URL URL MEM @ WWW 2009, Madrid

Physical-Virtual Mashup: Energy Visualizer for RESTful Ploggs Dominique Guinard, ETH / SAP Research Zurich, webofthings.com MEM @ WWW 2009, Madrid

Physical-Physical Mashup: Ambient Energy Meter

Create an ambient device that can assess the energy consumption of the current place it is in.

Mashup of:

The RESTful Ploggs

The RESTful Sun Spots

The Smart Gateways.

Outlook

REST is quite suitable for composing small, ad-hoc applications [1], why not for small embedded applications?

Need to go beyond REST:

Need for asynchronous mechanisms.

Currently exploring systems such as XMPP and Twitter.

Need to provide mashup editors for physical mashups (à la “yahoo pipes” or “rooftop”).

MEM @ WWW 2009, Madrid Dominique Guinard, ETH / SAP Research Zurich, webofthings.com [1] Pautasso, Cesare, Olaf Zimmermann, and Frank Leymann. “Restful web services vs. "big"' web services: making the right architectural decision.” In WWW '08: Proceeding of the 17th international conference on World Wide Web , 805―814. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2008.

Thanks a lot for your attention Dominique Guinard, ETH / SAP Research Zurich, webofthings.com www.webofthings.com MEM @ WWW 2009, Madrid