HB 2018-Who's who in beech bark disease

•Download as PPTX, PDF•

0 likes•215 views

melnhe

Gretchen Dillon

Science

Beech Bark Disease Complex
• Introduced beech scale (Cryptococcus fagisuga)
insect infests American beech (Fagus
grandifolia)
• Fungus (Neonectria sp.) infects tree
• Lesions impact cambium, gradual girdling
• Tree dies slowly from top down
• Roots survive longer, support sprouts
• White Mountains in aftermath phase

Scale Insect
Cryptococcus fagisuga (causal)
Xylococculus betulae (observed,
but causality not demonstrated)
PhotobyJ.Cale
PhotobyM.Johnston

Photo Credit: Gretchen Dillon, SUNY-ESF
Fungal Infection by Neonectria sp.
Photo Credit: Jon Cale, SUNY-ESF
Neonectria ditissima and Neonectria faginata fruiting bodies are
indistinguishable from each other by the naked eye.

Identification of fungus to species
Photos by: Gretchen Dillon, SUNY-ESF
Mean ascospore length is used
to differentiate the two
Neonectria species

BBD at Bartlett - Objectives
• What is the density and distribution of BBD &
causal agents across the Bartlett study area?
• Are there any apparent differences now (2017) in
density or distribution related to N and P
fertilization treatments?
• Establish a baseline record to facilitate
monitoring of future changes in scale insect
densities and Neonectria infections

Experimental Design
• Six stands were selected for monitoring
•Young (C2, C3), Mid (C4, C6), Old (C7,C8)
• Four treatment plots were evaluated per
stand (N, P, NP, Cont)
• Five trees were selected per plot
•Spaced as far apart as possible, 20-35 cm dbh
range

Photographic Documentation
• 8 photos per tree * 120 trees
= 960 photos
• Each is a 5 cm x 10 cm frame
• 1.5 M and 0.5 M height, four
cardinal directions
• Provides a baseline to
monitor future changes
Photos by: Gretchen Dillon, SUNY-ESF
Digital image analysis
ProgressTo Date
• Scale quantification is 25%
complete
• Preliminary Results:
• Treatment is a significant
predictor of scale density
• NP plots have lower scale
densities than N plots (p=0.04) or
P plots (p=0.05), but not different
from Control plots

Fungal Identification
Photos by: Gretchen
Dillon, SUNY-ESF
Photo by: Mariann Johnston, SUNY-ESF
• 306 samples were collected from 75 study trees between
9/22-11/5, 2017
Neonectria
identification
Progress to date
• Identification 80% complete
• 1.6% (4 of 245) are N. ditissima
• Co-occurred, young stands
• Remainder are N. faginata
• Genetic analysis confirms
microscopic ID

Future Work
• Complete Neonectria identification
• Document/map spatial distribution of Neonectria
across stands and treatment plots
• Complete photographic quantification of scale insect
• Is there a nutrient treatment effect now?
• Develop method and conduct photographic
quantification of lesion density
• Establish photo point monitoring and maintenance
schedule
• Establish protocol for detecting changes in future &
investigating relationship to nutrient treatments

Thank you 2017 Field Crew!
Vizma Leimanis, Michael Mahoney, Jason Stoodley, and Grace Lockwood

Recently uploaded

The highest priority recommendation of the Astro2020 Decadal Survey for space-based astronomy was the construction of an observatory capable of characterizing habitable worlds. In this paper series we explore the detectability of and interference from exomoons and exorings serendipitously observed with the proposed Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) as it seeks to characterize exoplanets, starting in this manuscript with Earth-Moon analog mutual events. Unlike transits, which only occur in systems viewed near edge-on, shadow (i.e., solar eclipse) and lunar eclipse mutual events occur in almost every star-planet-moon system. The cadence of these events can vary widely from ∼yearly to multiple events per day, as was the case in our younger Earth-Moon system. Leveraging previous space-based (EPOXI) lightcurves of a Moon transit and performance predictions from the LUVOIR-B concept, we derive the detectability of Moon analogs with HWO. We determine that Earth-Moon analogs are detectable with observation of ∼2-20 mutual events for systems within 10 pc, and larger moons should remain detectable out to 20 pc. We explore the extent to which exomoon mutual events can mimic planet features and weather. We find that HWO wavelength coverage in the near-IR, specifically in the 1.4 µm water band where large moons can outshine their host planet, will aid in differentiating exomoon signals from exoplanet variability. Finally, we predict that exomoons formed through collision processes akin to our Moon are more likely to be detected in younger systems, where shorter orbital periods and favorable geometry enhance the probability and frequency of mutual events.

Exomoons & Exorings with the Habitable Worlds Observatory I: On the Detection...

Sérgio Sacani

GBSN - Microbiology (Unit 7) Microbiology in Everyday Life

Areesha Ahmad

Ostiguy & Panizza & Moffitt (eds.) - Populism in Global Perspective. A Perfor...

frank0071

The Scientific names of some important families of Industrial plants .pdf

Mohamed Said

The recently reported observation of VFTS 243 is the first example of a massive black-hole binary system with negligible binary interaction following black-hole formation. The black-hole mass (≈10M⊙) and near-circular orbit (e ≈ 0.02) of VFTS 243 suggest that the progenitor star experienced complete collapse, with energy-momentum being lost predominantly through neutrinos. VFTS 243 enables us to constrain the natal kick and neutrino-emission asymmetry during black-hole formation. At 68% confidence level, the natal kick velocity (mass decrement) is ≲10 km=s (≲1.0M⊙), with a full probability distribution that peaks when ≈0.3M⊙ were ejected, presumably in neutrinos, and the black hole experienced a natal kick of 4 km=s. The neutrino-emission asymmetry is ≲4%, with best fit values of ∼0–0.2%. Such a small neutrino natal kick accompanying black-hole formation is in agreement with theoretical predictions.

Constraints on Neutrino Natal Kicks from Black-Hole Binary VFTS 243

Sérgio Sacani

TEST BANK for Organic Chemistry 6th Edition.pdf

marcuskenyatta275

Triploidy ...............................pptx

Cherry

Film Coated Tablet and Film Coating raw materials.pdf

Pharmatech-rx

Land use land cover change analysis and detection of its drivers using geospa...

MohammedAhmed246550

ERTHROPOIESIS: Dr. E. Muralinath & R. Gnana Lahari

muralinath2

Recent observations of galaxy clusters and groups with misalignments between their central AGN jets and X-ray cavities, or with multiple misaligned cavities, have raised concerns about the jet – bubble connection in cooling cores, and the processes responsible for jet realignment. To investigate the frequency and causes of such misalignments, we construct a sample of 16 cool core galaxy clusters and groups. Using VLBA radio data we measure the parsec-scale position angle of the jets, and compare it with the position angle of the X-ray cavities detected in Chandra data. Using the overall sample and selected subsets, we consistently find that there is a 30% – 38% chance to find a misalignment larger than ∆Ψ = 45◦ when observing a cluster/group with a detected jet and at least one cavity. We determine that projection may account for an apparently large ∆Ψ only in a fraction of objects (∼35%), and given that gas dynamical disturbances (as sloshing) are found in both aligned and misaligned systems, we exclude environmental perturbation as the main driver of cavity – jet misalignment. Moreover, we find that large misalignments (up to ∼ 90◦ ) are favored over smaller ones (45◦ ≤ ∆Ψ ≤ 70◦ ), and that the change in jet direction can occur on timescales between one and a few tens of Myr. We conclude that misalignments are more likely related to actual reorientation of the jet axis, and we discuss several engine-based mechanisms that may cause these dramatic changes.

Jet reorientation in central galaxies of clusters and groups: insights from V...

Sérgio Sacani

Tuberculosis (TB)-Notes.pdf microbiology notes

jyothisaisri

Molecular and Cellular Mechanism of Action of Hormones such as Growth Hormone...

Ansari Aashif Raza Mohd Imtiyaz

Hemoglobin metabolism: C Kalyan & E. Muralinath

muralinath2

SCHISTOSOMA HEAMATOBIUM life cycle .pdf

DebdattaGhosh6

Plasma proteins_ Dr.Muralinath_Dr.c. kalyan

muralinath2

Hadean zircons provide a potential record of Earth's earliest subduction 4.3 billion years ago. Itremains enigmatic how subduction could be initiated so soon after the presumably Moon‐forming giant impact(MGI). Earlier studies found an increase in Earth's core‐mantle boundary (CMB) temperature due to theaccumulation of the impactor's core, and our recent work shows Earth's lower mantle remains largely solid, withsome of the impactor's mantle potentially surviving as the large low‐shear velocity provinces (LLSVPs). Here,we show that a hot post‐impact CMB drives the initiation of strong mantle plumes that can induce subductioninitiation ∼200 Myr after the MGI. 2D and 3D thermomechanical computations show that a high CMBtemperature is the primary factor triggering early subduction, with enrichment of heat‐producing elements inLLSVPs as another potential factor. The models link the earliest subduction to the MGI with implications forunderstanding the diverse tectonic regimes of rocky planets.

A Giant Impact Origin for the First Subduction on Earth

Sérgio Sacani

MODERN PHYSICS_REPORTING_QUANTA_.....pdf

RevenJadePalma

Mars is a particularly attractive candidate among known astronomical objects to potentially host life. Results from space exploration missions have provided insights into Martian geochemistry that indicate oxychlorine species, particularly perchlorate, are ubiquitous features of the Martian geochemical landscape. Perchlorate presents potential obstacles for known forms of life due to its toxicity. However, it can also provide potential benefits, such as producing brines by deliquescence, like those thought to exist on present-day Mars. Here we show perchlorate brines support folding and catalysis of functional RNAs, while inactivating representative protein enzymes. Additionally, we show perchlorate and other oxychlorine species enable ribozyme functions, including homeostasis-like regulatory behavior and ribozyme-catalyzed chlorination of organic molecules. We suggest nucleic acids are uniquely wellsuited to hypersaline Martian environments. Furthermore, Martian near- or subsurface oxychlorine brines, and brines found in potential lifeforms, could provide a unique niche for biomolecular evolution.

Emergent ribozyme behaviors in oxychlorine brines indicate a unique niche for...

Sérgio Sacani

PESTS OF GREEN MANURE CROPS AND FORAGE CROPS SESBANIA BORERS 1. Sesbania stem borer, Azygophleps scalaris, Cossidae, Lepidoptera Symptom of damage: Drying of sesbania plants. Nature of damage: Stoutly built larva bores into the stem and feeds, the faecal matter getting accumulated at the entrance hole. Egg: Laid in masses attached to the leaflets. Larva: Robust larva of 7 cm length, light brown with a reddish brown head. Pupa: Pupa has spines anteriorly with the help of which it moves up and down inside the tunnel in the stem. Adult: Sluggish yellowish brown moth. 2. Stem weevil, Alcidodes bubo, Curculionidae, Coleoptera Symptom of damage: Drying of the terminal branches or whole plant, lodging of the plants during monsoon seasons; affected stem with numerous bore holes and swelling symptoms. Presence of apodous grub inside the stem. Nature of damage: Grubs riddle into stem and cause thickenings on stem. The growth and vigour of the plants are impaired to a great extent. Egg: Laid on the stem. Grub : Apodous whitish grub. Adult: Reddish brown weevil with white transverse markings on the elytra. LEAF FEEDERS 3. Green semilooper, Pericyma glaucinans, Noctuidae, Lepidoptera Symptom of damage: Defoliation of plants preceding with leaflets damage. Nature of damage: Caterpillar feeds on the leaflets remaining along the ribs of leaves. Larva : Pale green, semilooper with broad yellow lateral stripes. Adult: Dark brown with black lines 4. Green looper, Semiothisa pervelgata, Semiothisa emersaria, Geometridae, Lepidoptera Symptom of damage: Defoliation of plants preceding with leaflets damage. Nature of damage: Larvae feed on the leaves. Egg: Oval greenish eggs laid singly on leaves. Larva : Pale green looper with white lines and when full grown becomes pink with horizontal bands of violet patches dorsally on the abdominal segments. Pupa: Pupates in the soil. Adult: White colour with three dark lines and spots on the wings.

Pests of Green Manures_Bionomics_IPM_Dr.UPR.pdf

PirithiRaju

Recently uploaded (20)

Exomoons & Exorings with the Habitable Worlds Observatory I: On the Detection...

GBSN - Microbiology (Unit 7) Microbiology in Everyday Life

Ostiguy & Panizza & Moffitt (eds.) - Populism in Global Perspective. A Perfor...

The Scientific names of some important families of Industrial plants .pdf

Constraints on Neutrino Natal Kicks from Black-Hole Binary VFTS 243

TEST BANK for Organic Chemistry 6th Edition.pdf

Triploidy ...............................pptx

Film Coated Tablet and Film Coating raw materials.pdf

Land use land cover change analysis and detection of its drivers using geospa...

ERTHROPOIESIS: Dr. E. Muralinath & R. Gnana Lahari

Jet reorientation in central galaxies of clusters and groups: insights from V...

Tuberculosis (TB)-Notes.pdf microbiology notes

Molecular and Cellular Mechanism of Action of Hormones such as Growth Hormone...

Hemoglobin metabolism: C Kalyan & E. Muralinath

SCHISTOSOMA HEAMATOBIUM life cycle .pdf

Plasma proteins_ Dr.Muralinath_Dr.c. kalyan

A Giant Impact Origin for the First Subduction on Earth

MODERN PHYSICS_REPORTING_QUANTA_.....pdf

Emergent ribozyme behaviors in oxychlorine brines indicate a unique niche for...

Pests of Green Manures_Bionomics_IPM_Dr.UPR.pdf

HB 2018-Who's who in beech bark disease

1. Spatial and temporal patterns of Neonectria spp. and beech scale occurrence in Bartlett, NH Gretchen Dillon, M.S. Student, SUNY-ESF Committee/Mentors: Mariann Johnston, RuthYanai, andTom Horton Who's who in beech bark disease: N. ditissima vs. N. faginata

2. Beech Bark Disease Complex • Introduced beech scale (Cryptococcus fagisuga) insect infests American beech (Fagus grandifolia) • Fungus (Neonectria sp.) infects tree • Lesions impact cambium, gradual girdling • Tree dies slowly from top down • Roots survive longer, support sprouts • White Mountains in aftermath phase

3. Scale Insect Cryptococcus fagisuga (causal) Xylococculus betulae (observed, but causality not demonstrated) PhotobyJ.Cale PhotobyM.Johnston

4. Photo Credit: Gretchen Dillon, SUNY-ESF Fungal Infection by Neonectria sp. Photo Credit: Jon Cale, SUNY-ESF Neonectria ditissima and Neonectria faginata fruiting bodies are indistinguishable from each other by the naked eye.

5. Identification of fungus to species Photos by: Gretchen Dillon, SUNY-ESF Mean ascospore length is used to differentiate the two Neonectria species

6. BBD at Bartlett - Objectives • What is the density and distribution of BBD & causal agents across the Bartlett study area? • Are there any apparent differences now (2017) in density or distribution related to N and P fertilization treatments? • Establish a baseline record to facilitate monitoring of future changes in scale insect densities and Neonectria infections

7. Experimental Design • Six stands were selected for monitoring •Young (C2, C3), Mid (C4, C6), Old (C7,C8) • Four treatment plots were evaluated per stand (N, P, NP, Cont) • Five trees were selected per plot •Spaced as far apart as possible, 20-35 cm dbh range

8. Photographic Documentation • 8 photos per tree * 120 trees = 960 photos • Each is a 5 cm x 10 cm frame • 1.5 M and 0.5 M height, four cardinal directions • Provides a baseline to monitor future changes Photos by: Gretchen Dillon, SUNY-ESF Digital image analysis ProgressTo Date • Scale quantification is 25% complete • Preliminary Results: • Treatment is a significant predictor of scale density • NP plots have lower scale densities than N plots (p=0.04) or P plots (p=0.05), but not different from Control plots

9. Fungal Identification Photos by: Gretchen Dillon, SUNY-ESF Photo by: Mariann Johnston, SUNY-ESF • 306 samples were collected from 75 study trees between 9/22-11/5, 2017 Neonectria identification Progress to date • Identification 80% complete • 1.6% (4 of 245) are N. ditissima • Co-occurred, young stands • Remainder are N. faginata • Genetic analysis confirms microscopic ID

10. Future Work • Complete Neonectria identification • Document/map spatial distribution of Neonectria across stands and treatment plots • Complete photographic quantification of scale insect • Is there a nutrient treatment effect now? • Develop method and conduct photographic quantification of lesion density • Establish photo point monitoring and maintenance schedule • Establish protocol for detecting changes in future & investigating relationship to nutrient treatments

11. Thank you 2017 Field Crew! Vizma Leimanis, Michael Mahoney, Jason Stoodley, and Grace Lockwood

HB 2018-Who's who in beech bark disease

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from melnhe

More from melnhe (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

HB 2018-Who's who in beech bark disease