A brief explanation a about what the Himalayas are in informative and Interesting content and through Photogarphs. Useful for school kids and college goings students as well

1. THE
HIMALAYAS
Acknowledgements :
Dr. Manojkumar P. Devne, S.P.College Pune - 30

2. The Himalayas : Basic Facts
 Called Himadri, Himvan, Himanchal
 Central Axial Range : 22 degrees of Longitude.
 Total Distance : 2400 Km
 Total Area : 5 lakh sq km
 Central Pivot : Pamir Plateau
 Southern Boundary : 300 m contour
 Northern Boundary : Obscure & merges with
edge ofTibetean Plateau
 Peaks : 8000(14), 7500(20), 7300(94) 6000(NC)

4. Features
 High Altitude
 SteepGradient
 Deeply DissectedTopography
 Complex Geological Structure
 Snow capped summits
 RichTemperate Flora in Sub-tropical latitude

5. topography

6. Origin
 Upliftment in Phases
 Great Geosyncline – Sea ofTethys
 Squeezed folds between Gondwana and
Angaraland
 Convex shape towards south (due o push of
Aravalis and Assom ranges)
 Multiple ranges due to a long phase of pushing
 3 phases : 120 mybp – Great Himalayas
25 to 30 mybp – Middle Himalayas
2 to 20 mybp - Shiwaliks

8. Evidences
 Late Cretaceous to-Date
 Avg. Ht 1mybp – 2410 m
Now - 3050
 Earthquake Occurrences
Isostatic Equilibrium
 Fossils alongTibetian Plateau and Shiwaliks
are similar (similar climate)
 Youthful Himalayan rivers in Rejuvenation
(Terraces along Banks)

10. Building
Process
-PlateTectonics
-Process still going on
-One more fracture has
appeared in the outer
fringes of the Shiwaliks
-JCB – operating from
opposite directions

12. Division of Himalayas
REGIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL
GEOLOGICAL

13. The Himalayan Ranges
 Series of parallel
ranges
 Intermediate deep
valleys
 ‘Hogback’ appearance
 Abrupt rise in Oudh
and Bengal
 Western Himalayas
Gradual

14. Variation in cover

15. Shiwaliks
 Outermost range
 2400 km long (Potwar Plateau to Bramhaputra valley)
 Width 50km(H.P.) 15km (A.P.)
 Avg. Height – 600 to 1500m
 Mid-Miocene to Lower Pleistocene (sands, gravels,
conglomerate)
 Jammu, Dhang, Dundhwa,Churia Ghat,
Dafla, Miri, Mishmi, Abor
 The ‘Doons/Duns’
 ‘Chos’
Western
Eastern

17. Middle Himalayas
 Lesser Himalayas/Himanchal
 Width 60-80 km
 Average elevation 3500-4500m
 Pir Panjal, Dhola Dhar, Mussoorie, NagTibba,
Mahabharat Lekh
 KashmirValley (40km wide, 135 km long, 1600m
elevation, 5000 sq km)
 Shimla, Nainital, Ranikhet,Almora, Mussoorie,
Darjeeling
 Less hostile and friendly for
Human contact

20. Great Himalayas
 Inner Himalayas, Central Himalayas
 Width 25 km
 Avg. Elevation 6100 m
 Nanga Parbat- Namcha Barva
 Mt. Everest 8850 m, 5th March 2005 (Sir George
Everest,1841,1852, Peak XV, 1865)
 Sagarmatha, Chomlungna, Qomolangma
 Passes : Buezila, Zojila (J &K), Bara lachla
Shipkila (HP),Thangla, Nitila (UK), Nathula,
Jhelepla(Sikkim)

21. Zoji la

23. Trans Himalayas -
 Tibetian Himalayas
 Length 1000 km,
 Avg. Elevation 3000 m
 Zaskar, Ladakh, Kailas (Gangdise), Karakoram
(Krishnagiri)
 K (Godwin Austin), Gasherbrum I & II, Broad Peak
 Ladakh Plateau (plains – Soda, Aksai Chin,
Depsang)
2

24. Glacial Boulders

28. The Purvanchal
 Beyond Dihang
 Arunachal Pradesh to Mizoram
 Patkai Bum, Naga Hills, Manipur Hills, Mizo
Hills
 Blue Mountain (2157m)
 Dense forests, rough terrain,
swift streams.

30. Bhutan

31. Sikkim

32. International Boundaries of India are distorted

33. Contemporary Issues
 Unsustainable resource generation
 Deforestation
 Soil Erosion
 Floods
 River Course shifting
 TheThird Pole
 Geo-politics

37. Kashmir

39. THE
HIMALAYAS
Acknowledgements :
Dr. Manojkumar P. Devne, S.P.College Pune – 30
manojdevne10@hotmail.com, mob-9422353525
Thank
You