2. Today’s Presenters
Gabriel Brown
Senior Analyst
Heavy Reading
Shahram Niri
Independent Technologist
(& Former General Manager for the 5G
Innovation Center)
Moderator Presenter
6. Why is the Industry Focusing on 5G?
1. To secure funding for R&D work
2. To gain influence in the specification process
3. To attract development partners
4. To highlight IPR portfolios
5. To earn marketing advantage
7. 5G Performance Targets
End-user data rates
Indoor / campus >> Up to 10 Gbit/s
Urban and suburban >> 100 Mbit/s
Far rural >> ~Mbit/s everywhere
System targets
Massive scalability >> Millions of devices
1000 X capacity >> Per Unit Area
Power consumption >> Up to 90% reduction
8. 5G Spectrum: Sub 1GHz to 100GHz
• 5G will cater for entire spectrum band: sub 1GHz to 100 GHz
• 10GHz – 100GHZ (mmW) needed for multi Gbit/s
• Shared access spectrum to increase availability
• Flexible duplex (dynamic uplink & downlink; esp. small cells)
• Will 5G consist of multiple well-integrated radio interfaces?
• Or will 5G be a new air interface across the frequency range?
Source: Ericsson Review, June 2014
9. A Wide Range of Use-cases for 5G
• 5G platform should support many service-types
• Risky to define 5G technology according to a pre-defined
view of the eventual services
Source: Huawei Source: Ericsson
12. • DOCOMO to conduct 5G experimental trials with
six leading technology vendors
– Alcatel-Lucent, Ericsson, Fujitsu, NEC, Nokia, Samsung
NTT DoCoMo
• Outdoor field trials planned for 2015 ahead of the
start of specification work in 2016
13. Google – Investigating 5G Wireless?
• History of investigation of next-gen wireless
technologies
• Alpanetal acquisition for self-organizing, low
power Gigabit wireless technology
– Extend fiber optics using 60GHz mmWave radio
– Potentially part of a 5G type solution for LOS
indoor or outdoor applications
• Google now influential on spectrum allocation
• Is 5G a point of disruption for market entry?
14. • Important that cars can communicate with each
other and with other participants in the city
• Highlights role of 5G in the “Gigabit Cities” concept
BMW – “5G is key to self-driving car”
• Requires ultra-reliable,
low-latency, networks that
work everywhere
• Device-to-device
communication when out
of operator range
• Radio is interface is the critical part of 5G, but apps
will have many other performance dependencies
15. • Major RAN vendors will be critical players
– Depth of R&D expertise
– Accumulated radio interface technologies
– Will position 5G as a smooth upgrade from LTE-A?
• China will be a critical actor in 5G
– Assuming a leadership role not seen in 3G & 4G
– Backing itself with vast R&D investment
– A net positive for 5G technology development
Other Market Activity
16. 5G Will be a Collaborative Development
• A number of non-aligned organisations
funding and directing research projects
• Significant bi-lateral industry cooperation
between vendors, operators, & others
18. Drivers For Next Generation (5G)
Growing Population
Hyper Connectivity
Limited Resources
Higher Capacity
Green Technology
Cost Efficiency
Quality of Experience
Number of connections and also the volume of data over
wireless networks continuously growing at a significant rate
Users more demanding on quality & price
Capacity challenge is real particularly in radio
Radio spectrum the blood line of wireless is a finite resources,
scarce and expensive
The data volume growth will continue but dependent on the
service quality offered by the NW and of course the data tariffs
Sustainability of mobile broadband business - Ever increasing
traffic, higher TCO and flattening ARPU
3G & 4G both promised improvements in NW capacity, data rate,
efficiency, cost and quality. 5G will be no exception but the sheer
scale of the challenges this time makes 5G research different.
Dr Shahram G Niri, July 2014 18
19. Values subject to assumption
Modest increase in number of devices and usage
Traffic growth: ~70% CAGR
In 2020 depending on the environment
traffic per km2 (1.5 to 60 Gb/s/km2)
UK needs at least ~ 15 - 20 x capacity (2013-2020)
Current LTE technology will not accommodate the
predicted traffic growth
The next generation will need to be designed
not for 2020 but for 2025-2030 capacity
Capacity Challenge
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Gb/s/km2
Traffic growth for cases a to d
Case a: Inner London business
Case b: Office
Case c: UK Peak
Case d: UK mean
Impact of transmission mode change
(ISD=300, 20 MHz bandwidth)
Xfold
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
SU-MIMO 2x2 SU-MIMO 2x4 JP CoMP 4x2 SU-MIMO 8x2
Transmission Mode
Dr Shahram G Niri, July 2014 19
20. Significant air interface capacity
-Focus on area NOT JUST link spectral efficiency
-Designed for small Cells (capacity), extended to coverage
-More spectrum (Licensed & unlicensed operation, spectrum
sharing & other sources)
Super low latency
- Sub 1 ms, TTI: 10-25 ms
-Faster signaling for higher data rate, in line with data rate
-U plan latency: frame structure, control signal timing, HARQ
-For new services (MTC, gaming, ….)
-For distributed control
Super reliable
-For new services and applications
-Smart transport, e-health, intelligent control, …
The higher capacity and lower latency necessary for wide
range of services BUT not all the services required in the
same location, at the same time nor by the same air interface
May need tradeoffs in
capacity, coverage and data rate
Air Interface Performance
X10
(Faster than 4G) X100+
(Connections)
X1000+
(Capacity)
10 100 1000
Sub 1 ms latency
99.99% reliability & availability
Tech 3G HSPA+ LTE LTE-A 5G
Bandwidth
MHz
5 5 20 100 100+
SE
b/Hz/cell
0.5 2 4 ~8 10+
Peak Rate
Mb/s
2 42 &
11
326 &
86
1000 &
375
10000 &
5000
Latency
ms
50 20 10 10 0.1-1
ASE
Gb/s/km2
?
Dr Shahram G Niri, July 2014 20
21. OPEX
60%
CAPEX
40%
Greener Telecom Lower CTO
Greener technology (energy efficiency)
-Current 2% ICT share of CO2 emission is likely to increase
-Power consumption doubled in past 5 years
-More power efficient HW & SW, needed
-Reducing signaling through intelligent O&M and SON
-Alternative energy sources
Reduced Total Cost of Ownership
-For x1000 need to achieve 1/1000 delivery cost per bit!?
-Deliver cost will need to be recalculated as cost per bit/km2
- Saving through energy consumption
-Saving through lower cost of operation (Plug & Play, Self
managed NW, Zero touch)
-Spectrum and infrastructure sharing
-Longer HW life cycle time
-New business models -> new revenue models
Efficiency & Cost Requirements
Dr Shahram G Niri, July 2014 21
22. Multiple access
Carrier bandwidth
RT Delay
TDMA
124 KHz
150 ms
WCDMA
5 MHz
50 ms
OFDMA&CS-OFDM
20 ->100 MHz
10 ms
Small Cell / High frequency
100 Mhz -> higher
0.1-1 ms
Data rate 9.6 - 100 kb/s
-> GPRS
2 - 42 / 100 Mb/s
-> HSPA+ & MC
300 Mb/s - 1 Gb/s
-> LTE-A
10 – 100 Gb/s
Asymmetric & balanced UL/DL
Transport TDM
Copper & MW
TDM/ATM
Copper & MW
IP/MPLS
Fiber & MW
IP/MPLS - Self Backhauling
Fiber, MW & mmW
Core NW CS Core CS and PS core All PS (Flat IP) Flatter, NFV, SDN
Services Voice /SMS Voice & Data
/Multimedia
IP Voice & Data
Mobile Internet
IP Voice & Data (HD, 3D, …)
TV (Broadcast & Multicast),
D2D
Service
Pricing
Voice and SMS
Usage based
Usage based ->
Unlimited/Capped
Unlimited/Capped OTT, Cloud
Free voice(?),
Unlimited/Capped
Spectrum L band
Licenced operation
L band
Licenced operation
L & S band
Licenced operation
Millimetre band (C, K, E, ….)
Licensed & unlicensed operation
Spectrum sharing
2G
3G
4G
Full IP
Flat Architecture
Efficiency
1 STD
Capacity
Spectral efficiency
QoE
New Services
New operation models
Others
Digital
Mobility & Roaming
4+ STDs
2.5G
GPRS
3.5G
HSPA
LTE-A
Multi-media
CS & PS
2 STDs
5G
1990’s 2000’s 2010’s 2020’s
SDR
Technology & Standards Evolution
?
Dr Shahram G Niri, July 2014 22
23. New Air Interface (Small Cells)
New waveforms
New duplexing
Higher order modulation
Interference cancelation / utilization
Massive MIMO / Distributed MIMO
MU 3D Beam forming
Multi-cell cooperation
New MAC (Light MAC)
Radio Frequency
Millimeter wave
New licensing regime
Licensed & unlicensed band operation
Spectrum sharing
Dynamic allocation
Cognitive radio and network
Opportunistic & adaptive use of resources
Spectrum sensing
Automated networks/ Plug & play
Lower and smarter use of energy
Mixed Cell & Het-Net management
Centralized RAN / Cloud RAN
SW Defined Radio (SDR) & Networks (SDN)
Separation of data & control planes
No cell architecture
Integrated NW (Mobile+ broadcast/multicast)
Network sharing
Enabling Technologies to Make-up 5G
New NW Architecture
Intelligent & Adaptive Networks
Dr Shahram G Niri, July 2014 23
24. ,
interference 0
log 1
j k
k
i
i j
P
C W
P N
Multi-cell Cooperation
Coordinated Scheduling
3D Beam forming
Higher order modulation
More Spectrum
Carrier Aggregation
Full-duplex radio
Cognitive Radio
Dynamic Spectrum Sharing
Non-orthogonal transmission
More Antennas (Large MIMO)
Interference cancelation / utilization
Higher capacity to be delivered by a combination of several
techniques AND densification of network (Small Cells)
New Air Interface For 5G
Simplified air interface capacity equation
-Much higher spectral efficiency
-Enhanced frequency and time synchronisation
-Better interference cancelation / utilisation
-Higher order modulation and better coding
-Transmit and receive simultaneously
-More resilient to channel estimation error
-Better use of highly fragmented spectrum
-A much better radio resource management
-Multi cell operation
-Cooperative transmission in uplink and downlink
-More antennas (larger MIMO)
-Separation control and data plane
-Designed for small cells
-A more suitable MAC protocol for small cell
-Much higher energy efficient
-Enable new services
-Scalable for various traffic requirements
-AND more!
24Dr Shahram G Niri, July 2014
New generations are mainly defined by new air interfaces / waveforms
A new air interface / new physical layer not for a few dB gain but a total
overhaul of the physical layer
25. Business
Model
5G
Lowering TCO (cost per bit / km2)
Greener telecommunications
Increasing life time of the products
(delivering technology through SW)
New air interface
Spectrum & radio frequency
Millimetre wave
New NW architecture
Intelligent & adaptive network
“Perception of infinite capacity
for users”
Quality of Experience (Latency &
Reliability)
New services, e.g. Device 2 device
Rethinking spectrum allocation
Dynamic Allocation
Spectrum sharing
Licensed & unlicensed operation
Integrated NW & services
(Mobile+ Broadcast/Multicast)
New business models
Network sharing
New revenue models
B2C, B2B, B2B2C, C2C
Utility service type operation
An Opportunity to Rethink the Mobile Business
5G success depends not only the technology but also rethinking
business models, policies and economics of radio spectrum regulation
Dr Shahram G Niri, July 2014 25
26. 2G, 3G, 4G
5G (?)
5G
5G
BW: 100+BW: 100+
Licensed Unlicensed / Soft Licensed
BW: <100
1GHz 3GHz 30GHz 60GHz 90Ghz
Bandwidth (GHz)
Cell Size (m)
Speed (Gb/s)*
Frequency Band
1-10 10-100
Licensed Unlicensed
Shared
Best use of low (below 6Ghz) & high frequencies (mmWave) - Sub
6GHz as core spectrum, mmWave (10-100 GHz) for ultra dense
access & backhaul, Supplementary Services
Ideally 100+ MHz channel bandwidth
Dynamic Spectrum Allocation
Coordinated Shared Access
Use of temporal & local availability of spectrum
Carrier Aggregation
Core Spectrum
Supplementary Spectrum
Spectrum remains a challenge for 5G and for the wireless industry
5G & Spectrum
Dr Shahram G Niri, July 2014 26
27. LTE A
Mar 10
3G/ HSPA+
LTE B(?)
Sep 14
R12
4G / LTE
Dec 08
Dec 09
Jun 13
R99
2000
R13R14
Sep 15(?)
5G
2016 (?)
(?)
Higher Order Modulation,
D2D, MTC+, CA +, ...
Unlicensed LTE, ....
CDMA
New
Waveform
OFDMA
5G Standardization & 3GPP Release Evolution
Dr Shahram G Niri, July 2014
3G: Started in 1989, standards in 1999, commercial in 2003
4G: Started in 2000, standards in 2008, commercial in 2011
5G: Standardisation 2016, commercial readiness in 2020+
27
28. • Rethink the Architecture: Network-Centric to User-Centric
The “No Cell” Network
Source: China Mobile Research
29. 5G Architecture (METIS)
Internet
MMC
D2D / URC
MN
UDN
Aggregation Network (local, regional, national)
Massive
MIMO
Wireless access
Wireless fronthaul
Wired fronthaul
Wired backhaul
Internet access
C-RAN
CoMP
Mobile Core
– Centralized
Functions
+ OAM
C-RAN +
Mobile Core – Distributed Functions
(incl. optional local breakout or CDN)
Macro radio node*
Small cell radio node*, e.g.
micro, (ultra-)pico, femto
Note: Indoor cells not shown!
…
Centralized
or
distributed?
* Only Remote Radio Units (RRUs) assumed.
Local break out & Distributed mobile core
functions
Accelerated content delivery
Tech. Dependent
D2D, MMC (Massive Machine Comm.), Moving
Networks (MN), UDN Ultra-reliable Comm. (URC)
Amazingly Fast scenario
high data rates & network capacities
Ultra-Dense Networks (UDN)
ISD about 10 m
>= 1 radio nodes per room
Source: METIS
30. • 5G will consist of a combination of techniques &
technologies
• 5G will change the system architecture, especially the RAN
• A much denser network (small cells) will be key to 5G
design
• Spectrum remains a challenge for the wireless industry;
spectrum sharing will be critical
• A greater degree of network sharing may be needed in 5G
• 5G success depends rethinking business models, policies
and economics of radio spectrum regulation
Concluding Remarks
