1. El LibroGramatica By, Helena King

2. Table of Contents Preterite Trigger Words Car, gar, zar Spock Cucaracha Verbs Snake Verbs Snakey Verbs Imperfect Triggers Irregulars Preterite vs. Imperfect Ser vs. Estar Verbs like gustar Comparatives/Superlatives Transition Words Future Trigger Words Irregulars Por Para

3. Preterite é í aste aron ieron iste -ar -er/-ir ó amos ió imos A complete action done in the past.

4. Preterite Triggers

5. -car, -gar, -zar Preterite Irregulars *Buscar *Practicar *Sacar *Tocar *Jugar *Llegar *Pagar *Tragar *Almorzar *Cruzar *Empezar *Comenzar

6. Spock Irregular Verbs SE R IR D AR V ER H A C ER

7. Cucaracha Verbs

8. Snake + Snakey Verbs They only change in 3rd person!

9. Imperfect -er/-ir -ar * aba * abas * aba * abamos * aban * ía * ías * ía * íamos * ían An incomplete action in the past.

10. Imperfecto Triggers

11. Imperfect Irregulars ir ser ver * veía * veías * veía * veíamos * veían * iba * ibas * iba * íbamos * iban * era * eras * era * eramos * eran

13. Description (physical) Origin Characteristics(personality) Time Occupation Relationship(Family) Possession Events Dates Health Emotions Location Present Condition Ser vs. Estar HELPING DOCTORPED -ar = ando -ir = iendo

14. Verbs Like Gustar

15. Comparatives/Superlatives *Tan....Como *Bueno->Mejor *Malo->Peor *Viejo->Mayor *Joven->Menor *es *mas... que *mas... de Use "de" for numbers

16. Transition Words *Aunque-even though *Tambien-also *Mientras-while *A pesar de-in spite of *Pero-but *Por lo tanto-therefore *Sin embargo-never the less *No obstante-never the less

17. Future infinitive + ending Yo -é Tu -ás El, Ella, Usted -á Nosotros -emos Ellos, Ustedes -an

18. Future Triggers

19. Irregular Futures *venir: vendr- *poder: podr- *querer: querr- *saber: sabr- *caber: cabr- *haber: habr- *decir: dir- *hacer: har- *poner: pondr- *salir: saldr- *tener: tendr- *valer: valdr-

20. Por *passing through *general rather than specific location *how long something lasts *the cause of something *an exchange *doing something in place of something else *a means of transportation

21. Para *for whom something is done *destination *the purpose for why something is done *to express an opinion *to contrast or to compare *to express idea of deadline