Ancient Rome began as villages along the Tiber River in Italy that united in 750 BC to form the city of Rome. The geography of Italy, with mountains and a good climate, allowed Romans to grow crops and use hills for defense. Rome expanded its territory over centuries through military conquests until it ruled a vast empire throughout the Mediterranean region by the 1st century AD. The Roman Republic established around 509 BC was replaced by the Roman Empire when Julius Caesar became dictator in 44 BC, ending the Republic.
The Roman Republic was established in 509 BCE after the overthrow of the Etruscan monarchy, organizing the government into a combination of aristocracy, oligarchy, and democracy with citizens electing consuls and a senate to advise them. Society was divided between the wealthy patrician class and the plebeian majority, who engaged in occasional strikes to gain more political power. The republican government structure consisted of two annually elected consuls, the senate which controlled finances and foreign policy, and plebeian tribunes who could veto consular decisions and advocate for the common people.
The document provides background on the founding and early history of Rome. It describes how Romulus and Remus founded Rome after being raised by a she-wolf. Over time Rome became a large, prosperous city under Etruscan kings. The Romans then overthrew the Etruscans and established a republic with elected leaders. Rome expanded across Italy and the Mediterranean, fighting three Punic Wars against Carthage to gain dominance of the region.
Octavius, later known as Augustus, was Rome's first emperor who rose to power after the assassination of Julius Caesar. He formed the Second Triumvirate with Mark Antony and Lepidus to defeat Caesar's assassins. After defeating Antony in battle, Octavius consolidated control over Rome and established the Principate, where he ruled as the first emperor but allowed the senate to retain some powers. His reign from 27 BC to 14 AD marked the beginning of the Pax Romana period of peace and territorial expansion for Rome.
The document summarizes the Persian Wars between Greece and Persia in the 5th century BC. It describes how Persia conquered Greek colonies in Asia Minor and crushed a revolt in 499 BC, leading Athens to send troops in support. This started the wars. Key battles included Marathon, where Athens defeated the Persians despite being outnumbered; Thermopylae, where 300 Spartans held the pass against the Persians for two days; Salamis, where the Athenians trapped the Persian navy; and Plataea, which ended with a Greek victory and the Persians' final retreat. The Greeks were ultimately successful due to their defensive position, superior soldiers, and use of surprise tactics.
Ancient Rome began as villages along the Tiber River in Italy that united around 750 BC to form the city of Rome. Rome transitioned from a monarchy to a republic to an empire, with emperors ruling from 27 BC to 476 AD. The Roman Republic had three branches of government - the executive branch led by two consuls, the powerful legislative Senate, and judicial branch with elected judges. Initially only patricians could hold public office, but plebeians gained equality in 287 BC. The Roman Empire expanded greatly under ambitious generals until it fell due to overexpansion, corruption, civil wars, and economic troubles.
Ancient Greece had a mountainous landscape that divided the people into independent city-states. Two major city-states were Athens, which developed the world's first democracy, and Sparta, which was a strict military state. The Greeks developed advanced thinking through philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. They also fought the Persians and each other in wars that weakened Greece. Subsequently, Alexander the Great conquered much of the known world and spread Greek culture before his early death. The resulting Hellenistic period saw advancements in science, math, and a blending of cultures across Europe and Asia.
ROMULOUS AUGUSTUS- THE FIRST ROMAN EMPEROR HARSHIT PANDEY
Romulus Augustus was the first emperor of the Roman Empire. He reigned from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD, ending the period of civil wars in the Roman Republic and establishing over two centuries of peace and prosperity known as Pax Romana. As emperor, he implemented important political, financial, and religious reforms. He also initiated major construction projects that transformed the appearance of Rome. His accomplishments included establishing a standing professional army, developing an effective tax system and monetary reforms, and making Rome the center of art and literature.
The document provides an overview of the history and government of ancient Rome. It describes how Rome transitioned from being ruled by kings to a republic governed by the Senate. It then outlines the four main social classes in Roman society - slaves, plebeians, equestrians, and nobles. Several important figures are also discussed, including Julius Caesar, as well as some iconic locations in Rome like the Colosseum and Circus Maximus.
The Roman Republic was established in 509 BCE after the overthrow of the Etruscan monarchy, organizing the government into a combination of aristocracy, oligarchy, and democracy with citizens electing consuls and a senate to advise them. Society was divided between the wealthy patrician class and the plebeian majority, who engaged in occasional strikes to gain more political power. The republican government structure consisted of two annually elected consuls, the senate which controlled finances and foreign policy, and plebeian tribunes who could veto consular decisions and advocate for the common people.
The document provides background on the founding and early history of Rome. It describes how Romulus and Remus founded Rome after being raised by a she-wolf. Over time Rome became a large, prosperous city under Etruscan kings. The Romans then overthrew the Etruscans and established a republic with elected leaders. Rome expanded across Italy and the Mediterranean, fighting three Punic Wars against Carthage to gain dominance of the region.
Octavius, later known as Augustus, was Rome's first emperor who rose to power after the assassination of Julius Caesar. He formed the Second Triumvirate with Mark Antony and Lepidus to defeat Caesar's assassins. After defeating Antony in battle, Octavius consolidated control over Rome and established the Principate, where he ruled as the first emperor but allowed the senate to retain some powers. His reign from 27 BC to 14 AD marked the beginning of the Pax Romana period of peace and territorial expansion for Rome.
The document summarizes the Persian Wars between Greece and Persia in the 5th century BC. It describes how Persia conquered Greek colonies in Asia Minor and crushed a revolt in 499 BC, leading Athens to send troops in support. This started the wars. Key battles included Marathon, where Athens defeated the Persians despite being outnumbered; Thermopylae, where 300 Spartans held the pass against the Persians for two days; Salamis, where the Athenians trapped the Persian navy; and Plataea, which ended with a Greek victory and the Persians' final retreat. The Greeks were ultimately successful due to their defensive position, superior soldiers, and use of surprise tactics.
Ancient Rome began as villages along the Tiber River in Italy that united around 750 BC to form the city of Rome. Rome transitioned from a monarchy to a republic to an empire, with emperors ruling from 27 BC to 476 AD. The Roman Republic had three branches of government - the executive branch led by two consuls, the powerful legislative Senate, and judicial branch with elected judges. Initially only patricians could hold public office, but plebeians gained equality in 287 BC. The Roman Empire expanded greatly under ambitious generals until it fell due to overexpansion, corruption, civil wars, and economic troubles.
Ancient Greece had a mountainous landscape that divided the people into independent city-states. Two major city-states were Athens, which developed the world's first democracy, and Sparta, which was a strict military state. The Greeks developed advanced thinking through philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. They also fought the Persians and each other in wars that weakened Greece. Subsequently, Alexander the Great conquered much of the known world and spread Greek culture before his early death. The resulting Hellenistic period saw advancements in science, math, and a blending of cultures across Europe and Asia.
ROMULOUS AUGUSTUS- THE FIRST ROMAN EMPEROR HARSHIT PANDEY
Romulus Augustus was the first emperor of the Roman Empire. He reigned from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD, ending the period of civil wars in the Roman Republic and establishing over two centuries of peace and prosperity known as Pax Romana. As emperor, he implemented important political, financial, and religious reforms. He also initiated major construction projects that transformed the appearance of Rome. His accomplishments included establishing a standing professional army, developing an effective tax system and monetary reforms, and making Rome the center of art and literature.
The document provides an overview of the history and government of ancient Rome. It describes how Rome transitioned from being ruled by kings to a republic governed by the Senate. It then outlines the four main social classes in Roman society - slaves, plebeians, equestrians, and nobles. Several important figures are also discussed, including Julius Caesar, as well as some iconic locations in Rome like the Colosseum and Circus Maximus.
The document provides information about the government and society of ancient Athens and Sparta. Athens was a democracy where male citizens participated in an assembly and council. Their military focused on a strong navy and boys received military training at age 18. Spartan government was ruled by two kings and a council. Their entire society was focused on military strength, with males serving as soldiers from age 20 to 60. Both cities had social hierarchies, but Spartan women had more freedom and were valued for their role in raising warriors.
This document summarizes the decline of the Roman Republic from the 2nd century BCE to the rise of Augustus as Rome's first emperor. It describes how plebeian farmers struggled after wars and cheap grain imports made farming unprofitable, forcing many to sell their land to patricians and become poor. Reform leaders like the Gracchi brothers and Marius tried to help the poor but were opposed by senators. Spartacus' slave rebellion showed unrest was growing. The document then outlines the rise of figures like Sulla, Pompey, Julius Caesar, Mark Antony and Octavian in the civil wars that eventually ended the Republic and led to the Principate under Augustus.
The document provides background information on the founding and early history of Rome. It describes how, according to legend, Romulus and Remus founded Rome after being raised by a she-wolf. In reality, Rome was built between 1000-500 BC by the Latin people along the Tiber River in a strategic location. The city grew powerful under Etruscan kings but the Romans revolted in 509 BC and established a republic. The republic was ruled by consuls, senators, and citizen assemblies and expanded Rome's territory through military conquests.
The document provides information about ancient Greece and Rome, including:
- The ancient Greeks and Romans made significant contributions to architecture, government, and sports that still influence society today.
- Key terms are defined, such as contribution, direct democracy, and representative democracy.
- Greece and Rome are compared on architecture (Greek columns vs. Roman aqueducts and colosseums) and forms of government (direct democracy in Greece vs. representative democracy in Rome).
The document discusses two ancient civilizations - the Minoans and the Mycenaeans. The Minoans were the first civilization in Greece, centered on the island of Crete with their main palace located at Knossos. They heavily influenced later Greek culture. The Mycenaeans were the first civilization on the Greek mainland, based around the city of Mycenae. They built an empire through trade and conquest, and engaged in wars with Troy that inspired later Greek myths. Both civilizations declined - the Minoans from disasters and the Mycenaeans from wars and invasions.
The document provides an overview of the ancient Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta between 700-338 BCE. It describes the basic structures and governments of the polis system, and highlights some key differences in Spartan and Athenian society, politics, and military training. Sparta was a strictly disciplined military state where males lived communally and underwent rigorous training from a young age. Athenian democracy developed after reforms eliminated the aristocracy and monarchy.
Cyrus the Great founded the Persian Empire by conquering the Median kingdom in the 6th century BC. The Persian Empire went on to dominate Mesopotamia for over 800 years and conquered several other empires including Egypt, Syria, parts of Asia Minor, and India. The Persian government, called a Satrapy, was similar to the Roman republic and divided the empire into provinces ruled by governors. Darius I helped expand the empire further and established a new type of centralized government during his rule in the 5th century BC.
Ancient Rome was located on the Italian peninsula along the Tiber River, situated on seven hills which provided strategic advantages. The Roman Republic was established in 509 BC after Romans overthrew their Etruscan rulers. Power was shared between the patrician nobility and the plebeians, though plebeians gained more rights over time. Rome expanded through conquest of Italy and the Mediterranean region, destroying the rival city of Carthage. Internal conflicts emerged between those wishing to maintain the status quo and those pushing for reforms as wealth inequality grew.
Brief history of Ancient Greece 3650 BC to 146 BC. It includes the early civilizations, the Greek dark ages, Archaic Greece, Classical Greece and Hellenistic Greece.
- Ancient Greece was made up of mountainous peninsulas and islands, which caused small independent communities to develop with different ways of life and encouraged political participation and conflict.
- The Minoan civilization on Crete was established by 2800 BC and traded by sea, but suffered a catastrophe around 1450 BC possibly due to volcanic eruption or invasion.
- The Mycenaeans established fortified city-states with warrior aristocracies from 1100-1000 BC and developed trade networks, before their civilization collapsed around 1100 BC after invasions.
The Greeks and Etruscans were the two main civilizations in pre-Roman Italy. The Greeks inhabited Magna Graecia in the south while the Etruscans lived in modern-day Tuscany. According to legend, Rome was founded by Romulus, who killed his brother Remus during an argument. Rome transitioned from a kingdom to a republic in 509 BC after overthrowing the last Etruscan king, Tarquin the Proud. The republic expanded Rome's power throughout Italy and the Mediterranean region, defeating rivals like Carthage in the Punic Wars. Political instability led to the rise of Julius Caesar as dictator, but his assassination sparked a civil war won by his adopted heir Oct
Between 500-400 BC, the Greek city-states fought several wars including two against the powerful Persian Empire to the east. The Persians invaded Greece twice, first being defeated at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC and again being stopped temporarily at Thermopylae in 480 BC before being defeated at the naval Battle of Salamis. This marked a turning point where Athens' power grew and it formed an alliance known as the Delian League, but resentment grew against Athenian domination which led to the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta from 431-404 BC, weakening Greece.
The Persian Empire stretched from Egypt to Turkey between 700-500 BC. It was one of the largest and most influential empires in history. Key rulers like Cyrus the Great and Darius I expanded the empire through conquest and established an advanced government with an elite army. The Persians had a tolerant culture and advanced technology for their time. However, the empire began to decline after weak rulers and military defeats against Greece.
Born in 100 BC to a patrician family in Rome, Julius Caesar rose to become a powerful politician and military leader through his accomplishments and alliance with other powerful figures. As dictator of Rome, he enacted several reforms but was assassinated in 44 BC by a group of senators led by Brutus, who feared Caesar was becoming too powerful. His death sparked another civil war as Mark Antony and Octavian fought for control of Rome.
The document summarizes the rise of the Persian Empire under Cyrus the Great and Darius I, and its conflicts with Greece. It discusses how Cyrus united Persia into an empire, and how Darius further expanded and organized it through provinces ruled by governors. It then explains the two Persian invasions of Greece, known as the Persian Wars, in which Greece was ultimately victorious.
The Roman Civilization document provides an overview of the origins and development of ancient Rome from its founding by Romulus and Remus through the transition from republic to empire. It describes Rome's strategic location and fertile soil which allowed it to develop. It then discusses the early republic and the social divisions between patricians and plebeians. Finally, it outlines the Roman system of government including the executive, legislative, and judicial branches and how the republic eventually transitioned to an empire under Julius Caesar and Augustus.
The document provides background on several aspects of ancient Roman civilization. It describes the legend of Romulus and Remus, the founders of Rome. It discusses important landmarks like the Pantheon, Colosseum, Roman Forum, bathhouses, statues of gods, and aqueducts. It explains that Romans built extensive road networks and used aqueducts to transport water into cities. The document offers a glimpse into Roman history and cultural sites that still stand today.
The Roman Empire began as a small town in Italy in 500 BC but quickly expanded through military conquest led by able generals. By 133 BC, Rome controlled Italy and territories across Europe, North Africa and the Mediterranean. This expansion led to wealth but also internal problems as generals became more powerful than politicians. The assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 BC ended the Roman Republic and began the Roman Empire under Augustus, who brought two centuries of peace and prosperity known as the Pax Romana. During this golden age, the empire reached its height and Romans advanced architecture, infrastructure and arts.
Rome was located in Italy on seven hills along the Tiber River. According to legend, Rome was founded in 753 BC by Romulus and Remus. Over centuries, Rome grew from a monarchy to a republic to a vast empire, reaching its peak under Emperor Trajan in the 2nd century AD. The Western Roman Empire fell in 476 AD due to factors like corruption, civil wars, attacks from barbarian tribes, and overexpansion. The Roman army was a formidable force due to its discipline, tactics, and technology. Rome had a pantheon of major gods like Jupiter, Juno, Neptune, and Mars as well as many other deities.
The document discusses the origins of Rome and how its geography helped it prosper. It notes that Rome was located midway down the Italian peninsula on the Tiber River, which was a good defensive location and situated Rome on a key trade route between the Apennine Mountains and the sea. The document also describes how the Italian peninsula's central Mediterranean location aided Roman control of regional trade.
The document provides information about the government and society of ancient Athens and Sparta. Athens was a democracy where male citizens participated in an assembly and council. Their military focused on a strong navy and boys received military training at age 18. Spartan government was ruled by two kings and a council. Their entire society was focused on military strength, with males serving as soldiers from age 20 to 60. Both cities had social hierarchies, but Spartan women had more freedom and were valued for their role in raising warriors.
This document summarizes the decline of the Roman Republic from the 2nd century BCE to the rise of Augustus as Rome's first emperor. It describes how plebeian farmers struggled after wars and cheap grain imports made farming unprofitable, forcing many to sell their land to patricians and become poor. Reform leaders like the Gracchi brothers and Marius tried to help the poor but were opposed by senators. Spartacus' slave rebellion showed unrest was growing. The document then outlines the rise of figures like Sulla, Pompey, Julius Caesar, Mark Antony and Octavian in the civil wars that eventually ended the Republic and led to the Principate under Augustus.
The document provides background information on the founding and early history of Rome. It describes how, according to legend, Romulus and Remus founded Rome after being raised by a she-wolf. In reality, Rome was built between 1000-500 BC by the Latin people along the Tiber River in a strategic location. The city grew powerful under Etruscan kings but the Romans revolted in 509 BC and established a republic. The republic was ruled by consuls, senators, and citizen assemblies and expanded Rome's territory through military conquests.
The document provides information about ancient Greece and Rome, including:
- The ancient Greeks and Romans made significant contributions to architecture, government, and sports that still influence society today.
- Key terms are defined, such as contribution, direct democracy, and representative democracy.
- Greece and Rome are compared on architecture (Greek columns vs. Roman aqueducts and colosseums) and forms of government (direct democracy in Greece vs. representative democracy in Rome).
The document discusses two ancient civilizations - the Minoans and the Mycenaeans. The Minoans were the first civilization in Greece, centered on the island of Crete with their main palace located at Knossos. They heavily influenced later Greek culture. The Mycenaeans were the first civilization on the Greek mainland, based around the city of Mycenae. They built an empire through trade and conquest, and engaged in wars with Troy that inspired later Greek myths. Both civilizations declined - the Minoans from disasters and the Mycenaeans from wars and invasions.
The document provides an overview of the ancient Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta between 700-338 BCE. It describes the basic structures and governments of the polis system, and highlights some key differences in Spartan and Athenian society, politics, and military training. Sparta was a strictly disciplined military state where males lived communally and underwent rigorous training from a young age. Athenian democracy developed after reforms eliminated the aristocracy and monarchy.
Cyrus the Great founded the Persian Empire by conquering the Median kingdom in the 6th century BC. The Persian Empire went on to dominate Mesopotamia for over 800 years and conquered several other empires including Egypt, Syria, parts of Asia Minor, and India. The Persian government, called a Satrapy, was similar to the Roman republic and divided the empire into provinces ruled by governors. Darius I helped expand the empire further and established a new type of centralized government during his rule in the 5th century BC.
Ancient Rome was located on the Italian peninsula along the Tiber River, situated on seven hills which provided strategic advantages. The Roman Republic was established in 509 BC after Romans overthrew their Etruscan rulers. Power was shared between the patrician nobility and the plebeians, though plebeians gained more rights over time. Rome expanded through conquest of Italy and the Mediterranean region, destroying the rival city of Carthage. Internal conflicts emerged between those wishing to maintain the status quo and those pushing for reforms as wealth inequality grew.
Brief history of Ancient Greece 3650 BC to 146 BC. It includes the early civilizations, the Greek dark ages, Archaic Greece, Classical Greece and Hellenistic Greece.
- Ancient Greece was made up of mountainous peninsulas and islands, which caused small independent communities to develop with different ways of life and encouraged political participation and conflict.
- The Minoan civilization on Crete was established by 2800 BC and traded by sea, but suffered a catastrophe around 1450 BC possibly due to volcanic eruption or invasion.
- The Mycenaeans established fortified city-states with warrior aristocracies from 1100-1000 BC and developed trade networks, before their civilization collapsed around 1100 BC after invasions.
The Greeks and Etruscans were the two main civilizations in pre-Roman Italy. The Greeks inhabited Magna Graecia in the south while the Etruscans lived in modern-day Tuscany. According to legend, Rome was founded by Romulus, who killed his brother Remus during an argument. Rome transitioned from a kingdom to a republic in 509 BC after overthrowing the last Etruscan king, Tarquin the Proud. The republic expanded Rome's power throughout Italy and the Mediterranean region, defeating rivals like Carthage in the Punic Wars. Political instability led to the rise of Julius Caesar as dictator, but his assassination sparked a civil war won by his adopted heir Oct
Between 500-400 BC, the Greek city-states fought several wars including two against the powerful Persian Empire to the east. The Persians invaded Greece twice, first being defeated at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC and again being stopped temporarily at Thermopylae in 480 BC before being defeated at the naval Battle of Salamis. This marked a turning point where Athens' power grew and it formed an alliance known as the Delian League, but resentment grew against Athenian domination which led to the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta from 431-404 BC, weakening Greece.
The Persian Empire stretched from Egypt to Turkey between 700-500 BC. It was one of the largest and most influential empires in history. Key rulers like Cyrus the Great and Darius I expanded the empire through conquest and established an advanced government with an elite army. The Persians had a tolerant culture and advanced technology for their time. However, the empire began to decline after weak rulers and military defeats against Greece.
Born in 100 BC to a patrician family in Rome, Julius Caesar rose to become a powerful politician and military leader through his accomplishments and alliance with other powerful figures. As dictator of Rome, he enacted several reforms but was assassinated in 44 BC by a group of senators led by Brutus, who feared Caesar was becoming too powerful. His death sparked another civil war as Mark Antony and Octavian fought for control of Rome.
The document summarizes the rise of the Persian Empire under Cyrus the Great and Darius I, and its conflicts with Greece. It discusses how Cyrus united Persia into an empire, and how Darius further expanded and organized it through provinces ruled by governors. It then explains the two Persian invasions of Greece, known as the Persian Wars, in which Greece was ultimately victorious.
The Roman Civilization document provides an overview of the origins and development of ancient Rome from its founding by Romulus and Remus through the transition from republic to empire. It describes Rome's strategic location and fertile soil which allowed it to develop. It then discusses the early republic and the social divisions between patricians and plebeians. Finally, it outlines the Roman system of government including the executive, legislative, and judicial branches and how the republic eventually transitioned to an empire under Julius Caesar and Augustus.
The document provides background on several aspects of ancient Roman civilization. It describes the legend of Romulus and Remus, the founders of Rome. It discusses important landmarks like the Pantheon, Colosseum, Roman Forum, bathhouses, statues of gods, and aqueducts. It explains that Romans built extensive road networks and used aqueducts to transport water into cities. The document offers a glimpse into Roman history and cultural sites that still stand today.
The Roman Empire began as a small town in Italy in 500 BC but quickly expanded through military conquest led by able generals. By 133 BC, Rome controlled Italy and territories across Europe, North Africa and the Mediterranean. This expansion led to wealth but also internal problems as generals became more powerful than politicians. The assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 BC ended the Roman Republic and began the Roman Empire under Augustus, who brought two centuries of peace and prosperity known as the Pax Romana. During this golden age, the empire reached its height and Romans advanced architecture, infrastructure and arts.
Rome was located in Italy on seven hills along the Tiber River. According to legend, Rome was founded in 753 BC by Romulus and Remus. Over centuries, Rome grew from a monarchy to a republic to a vast empire, reaching its peak under Emperor Trajan in the 2nd century AD. The Western Roman Empire fell in 476 AD due to factors like corruption, civil wars, attacks from barbarian tribes, and overexpansion. The Roman army was a formidable force due to its discipline, tactics, and technology. Rome had a pantheon of major gods like Jupiter, Juno, Neptune, and Mars as well as many other deities.
The document discusses the origins of Rome and how its geography helped it prosper. It notes that Rome was located midway down the Italian peninsula on the Tiber River, which was a good defensive location and situated Rome on a key trade route between the Apennine Mountains and the sea. The document also describes how the Italian peninsula's central Mediterranean location aided Roman control of regional trade.
The Roman Empire began around 600 BC when Etruscan kings ruled Rome. In 509 BC, the Romans overthrew the Etruscan king and founded a republic led by elected leaders. Julius Caesar rose to power as a military leader and was named dictator for life in 44 BC. After his assassination, his supporters took control and established the Roman Empire under Augustus, who brought two centuries of peace and prosperity known as the Pax Romana. However, by the third century AD the empire began to decline due to economic problems, invasions, and military turmoil. Diocletian attempted reforms but Constantine moved the capital to Constantinople, and eventually the western half of the empire fell.
The document provides information about the history of Ancient Rome from its origins as villages along the Tiber River that united around 750 BC to form the city of Rome, through the establishment of the Roman Republic in 509 BC and the Roman Empire beginning in 27 BC under Augustus. It discusses the rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire and the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. Key events included the Roman expansion throughout the Mediterranean region, the dictatorship of Julius Caesar which ended the Roman Republic, and the division of the empire into Western and Eastern halves in an attempt to better manage it.
Romulus and Remus founded Rome in 753 BC on the banks of the Tiber River. Rome transitioned from a monarchy to a republic with power held by elected representatives and senators. Rome then fought the Punic Wars against Carthage and dealt with conflicts between social classes. Julius Caesar's civil war and subsequent assassination disrupted the republic. His adopted heir Octavian defeated Marc Antony and Cleopatra, becoming the first Roman emperor Caesar Augustus and establishing the long-lasting Pax Romana. However, Rome eventually declined due to invasions, economic troubles, overexpansion, and the rise of the Eastern Empire.
- Rome was founded in 753 BC along the Tiber River in central Italy. According to myth, its founding is traced back to Aeneas, a Trojan prince who fled Troy and arrived in Italy, where he was instructed to settle.
- Romulus and Remus, twin sons of the god Mars, were abandoned as infants but survived and grew up to restore their grandfather to the throne. They then founded Rome, but quarreled over its governance and Remus was killed. Romulus became Rome's first king.
- Rome transitioned to a republic in 509 BC, ruled by elected officials and a senate. Figures like Cincinnatus played important roles in defending Rome during conflicts in this
Rome was founded between 1000-500 BC by Latins on seven hills along the Tiber River in central Italy due to its fertile soil and strategic location. Originally ruled by Etruscan kings, Rome became a republic in 509 BC with citizens electing leaders like consuls and tribunes. Rome expanded its power by conquering neighboring peoples and defeating rivals like Carthage in the Punic Wars, allowing Rome to control the entire Italian peninsula and become the dominant power in the Mediterranean by 146 BC.
The document discusses the origins and rise of Rome. It explains that Latins founded Rome around 1000 BC along the Tiber River, attracting other ethnic groups like the Etruscans and Phoenicians. These groups contributed skills and architectural styles to Rome. The Roman Republic was established in 509 BC and was governed by patricians and plebeians. The document then discusses key aspects of Roman architecture, infrastructure, and city planning including their use of arches, concrete, aqueducts, roads, ports, and religious temples. It provides details on specific structures like the Maison Carrée temple.
Following the Punic Wars, Rome faced demographic problems as wealthy landowners consolidated small farms into large estates, displacing many farmers. Additionally, an influx of slaves provided cheap labor and further displaced farmers. This led to unrest and instability. Julius Caesar rose to power by forming an alliance with Pompey and Crassus known as the First Triumvirate. After conquering Gaul, he was assassinated by senators who feared he wanted to be emperor. This led to the Second Triumvirate between Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus, which saw a power struggle that ended with Octavian defeating Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium. Octavian became the first Roman emperor, taking the name
Rome was founded in 753 BC according to legend. Over the next few centuries, Rome was ruled by seven kings and experienced significant growth. The city was situated on seven hills along the Tiber River and had a Mediterranean climate. Around 500 BC, Rome transitioned to a republic as the Etruscan kings were overthrown. Over the following centuries, Rome expanded its territory through military conquests, defeating enemies like the Carthaginians and establishing its dominance over the Italian peninsula and Mediterranean region.
Rome began as a small city-state founded by Romulus and Remus along the Tiber River in Italy. It grew to become a large empire due to its strategic location along major trade routes. Rome conquered neighboring lands and expanded its territory through military campaigns. At its height, the Roman Empire stretched across Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia and had over 50 million inhabitants living under its rule. However, internal conflicts and invasions by external groups like the Visigoths eventually weakened the Western Roman Empire, leading to its collapse in 476 AD. Meanwhile, the Eastern Roman Empire continued on from Constantinople and is referred to as the Byzantine Empire.
Ancient Rome began as villages along the Tiber River in Italy that united around 750 BC to form the city of Rome. The settlers were attracted by the mild climate, fertile land, and strategic location. Over time, Rome grew into a powerful republic and then empire that came to control most of the lands around the Mediterranean Sea. However, internal problems and attacks from external groups like the Huns and Vandals weakened the Western Roman Empire, leading to its fall in 476 AD. The Eastern Roman Empire continued on as the Byzantine Empire with its capital at Constantinople until 1453.
Ancient Rome and the Rise of Christianity pptphillipgrogers
The document provides an overview of ancient Rome and the rise of Christianity. It describes the three periods of Roman history: the pre-Republic, the Roman Republic from 509 BC to 27 BC, and the Roman Empire which was the most popular and powerful time. Rome built a diverse empire through conquest and diplomacy. During the Pax Romana emperors brought peace and prosperity. Christianity spread throughout the empire and reshaped Roman beliefs. Foreign invasions, a divided empire, corruption, poverty, and a breakdown of values contributed to Rome's decline.
Ancient Rome began as villages along the Tiber River in Italy that united around 750 BC to form the city of Rome. For over 200 years, Rome was ruled by kings but became a republic in 509 BC governed by the powerful Roman Senate. Initially most senators came from the patrician class, who controlled the law, though plebeians gained more rights over time. Under ambitious generals, Rome expanded its territories across the Mediterranean region through military conquest. The Roman Republic ended when Julius Caesar took control as dictator, establishing the Roman Empire.
Ancient Rome began as villages along the Tiber River that united to form the city of Rome around 750 BC. For over 200 years, Rome was ruled by kings but became a republic in 509 BC with democratic rule divided into legislative, judicial, and executive branches. Under ambitious generals, Rome's armies expanded the republic's territories around the Mediterranean Sea. The successful general Julius Caesar took control of Rome, becoming dictator and ending the republic. After Caesar's assassination, his adopted son Octavian became Rome's first emperor, establishing the Roman Empire. At its height under Emperor Augustus, the Empire encompassed much of Europe and the Mediterranean region. The Empire eventually declined due to overexpansion, economic troubles, and invasions, with
The Romans created the largest empire in antiquity, starting with the founding of Rome in 753 BC and ending with the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. Over this 1200 year period, Rome transitioned from a monarchy to a republic and then an empire that dominated territories across Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. Key events included the establishment of the Roman Republic in 509 BC, the Punic Wars with Carthage, the expansion across the Mediterranean under the empire, and the division of the empire into Western and Eastern halves in 395 AD prior to the fall of the Western Empire.
The Romans were influenced by the Etruscans who ruled northern Italy. Rome was founded by Romulus around 753 BCE. It later developed into a republic ruled by patricians and plebians, with patricians holding more power. Rome then expanded through the Punic Wars against Carthage. The Roman Republic transitioned into an Empire under Augustus Caesar who brought peace during the Pax Romana period. The Empire contributed greatly to infrastructure, law, and language through use of Latin, leaving a lasting influence on Western civilization.
Rome began as a small settlement on seven hills along the Tiber River in Italy. Over centuries of expansion, Rome grew into a vast republic and eventually an empire that encompassed the Mediterranean world. The early Roman republic had a balanced system of government with a senate of patricians and elected consuls, though plebeians faced oppression. Rome then embarked on over two centuries of conquest across Italy and defeated Carthage in the Punic Wars to become the dominant power in the Mediterranean.
The document summarizes the history of Rome from its founding to the establishment of the Roman Empire. It describes how Rome was founded by Latins in central Italy and was later influenced by Greeks and Etruscans. It then discusses the establishment of the Roman Republic and its government consisting of consuls, senators, and tribunes. Finally, it outlines the transition from republic to empire, including the rise of Julius Caesar and Augustus Caesar who became Rome's first emperor, establishing the Pax Romana period of peace and prosperity.
The document provides an overview of the geography, society, government, and history of Ancient Rome. It describes how Rome began as a small village along the Tiber River that grew into a large city due to its strategic location. Rome eventually conquered the Italian peninsula and became a republic ruled by patricians and plebeians. The republic expanded Rome's territories through military conquests but internal conflicts weakened it, leading to the rise of the Roman Empire under Augustus Caesar. The empire reached its peak but later declined as barbarian tribes invaded its borders.
The most important ideas about Rome are its achievements that still influence modern society. The Latin language formed the basis for many current languages. Rome's early law codes influenced later legal systems. Technologies like aqueducts and roads shaped infrastructure, while military organization foreshadowed modern armies. Overall, Rome left a profound legacy through its language, laws, technologies, and military strategies that can still be seen today.
The document discusses the origins and early history of Ancient Rome. It began as independent tribes inhabiting the Italian peninsula in the 8th century BC, including the Etruscans, Latins, and Greeks. According to legend, Rome was founded in 753 BC by the twin brothers Romulus and Remus. In fact, archaeological evidence suggests Rome was founded as a settlement in the mid-8th century BC. Rome eventually developed into a monarchy, then a republic with power shared among assemblies, magistrates, and senators. The republic expanded Rome's territory through military conquests across Italy and the Mediterranean region over centuries.
The document provides information on ancient Rome, including:
1) Rome was founded in 753 BC on the banks of the Tiber River and was led by a series of kings until the Roman Republic was established in 509 BC.
2) According to legend, Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus, who were raised by a she-wolf. Romulus later killed Remus and became Rome's first king.
3) The Roman Republic lasted from 509 BC to 27 BC, during which the city expanded its territory through military conquests. The Republic transitioned into the Roman Empire under Augustus in 27 BC.
Roman civilization originated in the city of Rome, founded in the 8th century BC along the Tiber River. According to legend, Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus. Roman society was divided between patricians and plebeians, and later included slaves. The government transitioned from a monarchy to a republic to an empire. The Roman Empire reached its peak between the 1st and 2nd centuries AD during the Pax Romana, but economic and political crises led to the Western Empire's fall in 476 AD. Roman influence is still seen today through language, laws, and Christianity.
The Roman Republic transitioned to the Roman Empire over centuries as Rome expanded from a small city-state into a massive empire through military conquests. Key events included the overthrow of the Etruscan kings in 509 BCE to establish the Republic, the Punic Wars in the 3rd-2nd centuries BCE which made Rome dominant in the Mediterranean, and the civil wars and rise of powerful generals in the 1st century BCE which weakened the Republic. The Republic ended and the Empire began when Octavian, as the first emperor Augustus, established the Principate and 200 year period of Pax Romana and stability from 27 BCE-180 CE.
The Roman Republic collapsed due to the actions of the Senate, powerful generals, and politicians. The Senate became corrupt and lost touch with the people. Powerful generals like Pompey and Caesar pursued personal power over the good of the Republic. Politicians like Caesar disrupted the traditional balance of power and established himself as a dictator, ending the Republic and beginning the Empire.
- Romulus and Remus founded Rome after being abandoned as infants and raised by a wolf. Romulus killed Remus and became the sole ruler.
- Rome began as a city-state in central Italy along the Tiber River and grew powerful by conquering neighboring regions and establishing alliances.
- Roman society was divided between patricians, who held political power, and plebeians. Through protests, plebeians gained increased rights and access to political offices over time.
The document provides an overview of ancient Rome, including:
- A brief history from the founding of Rome by Romulus in the 8th century BC through the Western Roman Empire's fall in 476 AD.
- The social structure consisted of patricians, plebeians, freemen, and slaves, with slaves making up nearly 20% of the population.
- The government evolved from a monarchy to a republic to an empire, with prominent figures including Julius Caesar and Augustus Caesar. Key aspects included elected consuls and a senate that advised them.
The document provides an overview of Mediterranean society during the Roman phase, from the rise of the Etruscans and establishment of the Roman Republic through the transition to the Roman Empire. Key events and developments discussed include the overthrow of the last Etruscan king and founding of the Roman Republic in 509 BCE, the establishment of republican institutions like the senate and consuls, the Punic Wars with Carthage culminating in Rome's victory in 146 BCE, the transition from republic to empire under figures like Caesar and Augustus, the establishment of Pax Romana under the emperors, and the rise of Christianity as the empire's official religion under Constantine.
Ancient RomeBeginning in the eighth century B.C., Anciencheryllwashburn
Ancient Rome
Beginning in the eighth century B.C., Ancient Rome grew from a small town on central Italy’s Tiber River into an empire that at its peak encompassed most of continental Europe, Britain, much of western Asia, northern Africa and the Mediterranean islands.
Among the many legacies of Roman dominance are the widespread use of the Romance languages (Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian) derived from Latin, the modern Western alphabet and calendar and the emergence of Christianity as a major world religion.
They then instead had a council known as the 'senate' which ruled over them. From this point on one speaks of the 'Roman Republic'.
Early Rome was governed by kings, but after only seven of them had ruled, the Romans took power over their own city and ruled themselves
The word 'Republic' itself comes from the Latin (the language of the Romans) words 'res publica' which mean 'public matters' or 'matters of state'.
The senate under the kings had only been there to advise the king. Now the senate appointed a consul, who ruled Rome like a king, but only for one year. - This was a wise idea, as like that, the consul ruled carefully and not as a tyrant, for he knew that otherwise he could be punished by the next consul, once his year was up.
Rome knew four classes of people. This division was very important to the Romans.
The lowest class were the slaves. They were owned by other people. They had no rights at all. The next class were the plebeians. They were free people. But they had little say at all.
The second highest class were the equestrians (sometimes they are called the 'knights'). Their name means the 'riders', as they were given a horse to ride if they were called to fight for Rome. To be an equestrian you had to be rich.
The highest class were the nobles of Rome. They were called 'patricians'. All the real power in Rome lay with them.
The greatest challenge the Roman Republic faced was that of the Carthaginians. Carthage was a very powerful city in North Africa which, much like Rome, controlled its own empire. The fight between the two sides was a long one and took place on land and on sea.
The most famous incident came when the great Carthaginian general Hannibal crossed the mountain chain of the Alps to the north of Italy with all his troops, including his war-elephants, and invaded Italy. Though Rome in the end won and Carthage was completely destroyed in the year 146 BC.
Rome's most famous citizen was no doubt Julius Caesar. He was a Roman politician and general who, without having any orders to do so, conquered the vast territory of the Gauls to the north of his province in France.
In the year 49 BC Caesar crossed the small river between his province and Italy, called the river Rubicon, and conquered Rome itself which he then ruled as a dictator.
His military campaigns also took him to Egypt where he met the famous Cleopatra.
His life though was ended as he was inf ...
The document provides an overview of ancient Roman civilization from its origins to its fall. It discusses:
- The founding of Rome in the 8th century BC according to legend by Romulus on the Palatine Hill.
- The early systems of government including the Roman Kingdom and Republic which transitioned to the Roman Empire beginning in the 1st century BC.
- The expansion of the Roman Empire throughout the Mediterranean and organization into provinces.
- Roman culture including architecture, art, literature, philosophy, engineering works, religion and the influence of Latin.
- The eventual decline and fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD marking the end of the ancient period.
Carrer goals.pptx and their importance in real lifeartemacademy2
Career goals serve as a roadmap for individuals, guiding them toward achieving long-term professional aspirations and personal fulfillment. Establishing clear career goals enables professionals to focus their efforts on developing specific skills, gaining relevant experience, and making strategic decisions that align with their desired career trajectory. By setting both short-term and long-term objectives, individuals can systematically track their progress, make necessary adjustments, and stay motivated. Short-term goals often include acquiring new qualifications, mastering particular competencies, or securing a specific role, while long-term goals might encompass reaching executive positions, becoming industry experts, or launching entrepreneurial ventures.
Moreover, having well-defined career goals fosters a sense of purpose and direction, enhancing job satisfaction and overall productivity. It encourages continuous learning and adaptation, as professionals remain attuned to industry trends and evolving job market demands. Career goals also facilitate better time management and resource allocation, as individuals prioritize tasks and opportunities that advance their professional growth. In addition, articulating career goals can aid in networking and mentorship, as it allows individuals to communicate their aspirations clearly to potential mentors, colleagues, and employers, thereby opening doors to valuable guidance and support. Ultimately, career goals are integral to personal and professional development, driving individuals toward sustained success and fulfillment in their chosen fields.
This presentation by Nathaniel Lane, Associate Professor in Economics at Oxford University, was made during the discussion “Pro-competitive Industrial Policy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/pcip.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Mastering the Concepts Tested in the Databricks Certified Data Engineer Assoc...SkillCertProExams
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Collapsing Narratives: Exploring Non-Linearity • a micro report by Rosie WellsRosie Wells
Insight: In a landscape where traditional narrative structures are giving way to fragmented and non-linear forms of storytelling, there lies immense potential for creativity and exploration.
'Collapsing Narratives: Exploring Non-Linearity' is a micro report from Rosie Wells.
Rosie Wells is an Arts & Cultural Strategist uniquely positioned at the intersection of grassroots and mainstream storytelling.
Their work is focused on developing meaningful and lasting connections that can drive social change.
Please download this presentation to enjoy the hyperlinks!
This presentation by Juraj Čorba, Chair of OECD Working Party on Artificial Intelligence Governance (AIGO), was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Professor Alex Robson, Deputy Chair of Australia’s Productivity Commission, was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the 77th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
XP 2024 presentation: A New Look to Leadershipsamililja
Presentation slides from XP2024 conference, Bolzano IT. The slides describe a new view to leadership and combines it with anthro-complexity (aka cynefin).
This presentation by Thibault Schrepel, Associate Professor of Law at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam University, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Pro-competitive Industrial Policy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/pcip.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Suzanne Lagerweij - Influence Without Power - Why Empathy is Your Best Friend...Suzanne Lagerweij
This is a workshop about communication and collaboration. We will experience how we can analyze the reasons for resistance to change (exercise 1) and practice how to improve our conversation style and be more in control and effective in the way we communicate (exercise 2).
This session will use Dave Gray’s Empathy Mapping, Argyris’ Ladder of Inference and The Four Rs from Agile Conversations (Squirrel and Fredrick).
Abstract:
Let’s talk about powerful conversations! We all know how to lead a constructive conversation, right? Then why is it so difficult to have those conversations with people at work, especially those in powerful positions that show resistance to change?
Learning to control and direct conversations takes understanding and practice.
We can combine our innate empathy with our analytical skills to gain a deeper understanding of complex situations at work. Join this session to learn how to prepare for difficult conversations and how to improve our agile conversations in order to be more influential without power. We will use Dave Gray’s Empathy Mapping, Argyris’ Ladder of Inference and The Four Rs from Agile Conversations (Squirrel and Fredrick).
In the session you will experience how preparing and reflecting on your conversation can help you be more influential at work. You will learn how to communicate more effectively with the people needed to achieve positive change. You will leave with a self-revised version of a difficult conversation and a practical model to use when you get back to work.
Come learn more on how to become a real influencer!
2. Beginning…Beginning…
Ancient Rome begin as a groupAncient Rome begin as a group
of villages along the Tiber Riverof villages along the Tiber River
(Italy).(Italy).
Around 750 B.C. these villagesAround 750 B.C. these villages
united to form the city of Rome.united to form the city of Rome.
3. The Geography of ItalyThe Geography of Italy
The Alps in the north and the Apennines along Italy are the majorThe Alps in the north and the Apennines along Italy are the major
mountain ranges.mountain ranges.
Romans were able to grow a wide variety of crops because of the goodRomans were able to grow a wide variety of crops because of the good
climate.climate.
The Romans used the hills for defense.The Romans used the hills for defense.
They captured water from mountains for crops and drinking.They captured water from mountains for crops and drinking.
8. Divided into three periods:-Divided into three periods:-
ETRUSCAN PERIOD / ROMANETRUSCAN PERIOD / ROMAN
MONARCHY - 753-510BCMONARCHY - 753-510BC
REPUBLICAN PERIOD - 510-44BCREPUBLICAN PERIOD - 510-44BC
IMPERIAL PERIOD / ROMAN EMPIREIMPERIAL PERIOD / ROMAN EMPIRE
- 44-476AD- 44-476AD
9. The EtruscansThe Etruscans
Mystery – their origins are lost toMystery – their origins are lost to
prehistoryprehistory
first humans to live in regionfirst humans to live in region
Migrated from east, north, or south.Migrated from east, north, or south.
Lived north of RomeLived north of Rome
– Region today called “Tuscany”Region today called “Tuscany”
– Enemies of the RomansEnemies of the Romans
Taught the Romans:Taught the Romans:
– Arch in architecture, drainage andArch in architecture, drainage and
sewer-building, phalanx militarysewer-building, phalanx military
formationformation
10. The Roman RepublicThe Roman Republic
The Early RepublicThe Early Republic::
division of society into two classes, thedivision of society into two classes, the
aristocratic patricians and the plebeiansaristocratic patricians and the plebeians
The Middle RepublicThe Middle Republic ::
the challenge of Carthage; the Punic Warsthe challenge of Carthage; the Punic Wars
(264-146 BCE).(264-146 BCE).
The Late RepublicThe Late Republic ::
the rise of the equestrian order, a socialthe rise of the equestrian order, a social
class who gained wealth during the Punicclass who gained wealth during the Punic
Wars.Wars.
11. The Early RepublicThe Early Republic
Once a monarchy, the Romans created aOnce a monarchy, the Romans created a
republic.republic.
During difficult wars, the Romans elected aDuring difficult wars, the Romans elected a
dictator (ruler with almost absolute power)dictator (ruler with almost absolute power)
The monarchy was ruled by a king or queen,The monarchy was ruled by a king or queen,
and the republic was lead by elected officials.and the republic was lead by elected officials.
During the first 50 years, the Roman RepublicDuring the first 50 years, the Roman Republic
faced wars with many victories, but also lostfaced wars with many victories, but also lost
many lives and property.many lives and property.
13. Roman SocietyRoman Society
Divided in two groupsDivided in two groups..
Patricians Plebeians
Wealthy, powerful citizens Common people
Nobles Peasants, craftspeople, traders, etc.
Small portion of population Majority of population
Once controlled all aspects of
government
Gained right to participate in govt.
After 218 BC couldn’t trade Could become traders so many became
wealthy
14. PlebeiansPlebeians
In 494 BC plebeiansIn 494 BC plebeians
formed a council andformed a council and
elected their own officials.elected their own officials.
They wanted a changeThey wanted a change
made in the government.made in the government.
Before this, only patriciansBefore this, only patricians
ruled all aspects ofruled all aspects of
government.government.
15. Roman GovernmentRoman Government
Roman government was comprised of theRoman government was comprised of the
Magistrates, Senate, and Assemblies &Magistrates, Senate, and Assemblies &
Tribunes (Tripartite Government = 3Tribunes (Tripartite Government = 3
parts)parts)
– Magistrates - the most powerful/ran the cityMagistrates - the most powerful/ran the city
and in charge of the army/served for one yearand in charge of the army/served for one year
– Senate - advised magistratesSenate - advised magistrates
– Assemblies & Tribunes - represented commonAssemblies & Tribunes - represented common
people.people.
16. Written LawsWritten Laws
The first Roman laws were carvedThe first Roman laws were carved
into 12 bronze tablets.into 12 bronze tablets.
The laws were displayed in theThe laws were displayed in the
forum (public meeting place), soforum (public meeting place), so
everyone would know the laws.everyone would know the laws.
Although the laws changed overAlthough the laws changed over
time, the Twelve Tablets were atime, the Twelve Tablets were a
symbol of how Roman society wassymbol of how Roman society was
governed by laws.governed by laws.
17. The Roman ForumThe Roman Forum
This is where the Twelve TabletsThis is where the Twelve Tablets
were kept.were kept.
Popular meeting place in thePopular meeting place in the
center of Romecenter of Rome
People went there to shop, talkPeople went there to shop, talk
and gossipand gossip
19. Formation of Roman RepublicFormation of Roman Republic
For more than 200 years, kings ruledFor more than 200 years, kings ruled
Rome.Rome.
In 509 B.C. Rome becameIn 509 B.C. Rome became republicrepublic..
The Roman Senate was an assemblyThe Roman Senate was an assembly
of elected representatives. It was theof elected representatives. It was the
single most powerful ruling body ofsingle most powerful ruling body of
the Roman Republic.the Roman Republic.
20. Roman ExpansionRoman Expansion
Under the leadership of ambitiousUnder the leadership of ambitious
generals, Rome’s highly trainedgenerals, Rome’s highly trained
soldiers took over most of the landsoldiers took over most of the land
surrounding the Mediterranean.surrounding the Mediterranean.
The ancient Romans called theThe ancient Romans called the
Mediterranean---Mediterranean--- mare nostrummare nostrum,,
meaning “our sea”.meaning “our sea”.
21. Julius CaesarJulius Caesar
Born 100 BCBorn 100 BC
Consul 60 BCConsul 60 BC
Conquest of Gaul 58-49 BCConquest of Gaul 58-49 BC
Attempted invasion of Britain 55 BCAttempted invasion of Britain 55 BC
50-45 BCE: Civil War; Caesar wins50-45 BCE: Civil War; Caesar wins
22. The End of the Roman RepublicThe End of the Roman Republic
Julius Caesar, was a governor of theJulius Caesar, was a governor of the
territory of Gaul and managed to taketerritory of Gaul and managed to take
control of many nearby territories.control of many nearby territories.
Fearing him the Roman Senate orderedFearing him the Roman Senate ordered
him to resign…but he had other ideas.him to resign…but he had other ideas.
Caesar fought for control and won,Caesar fought for control and won,
becoming the dictator of the Roman world,becoming the dictator of the Roman world,
ending the Roman Republic.ending the Roman Republic.
24. The Roman EmpireThe Roman Empire
Less than a year after gaining powerLess than a year after gaining power
a group of angered Senators stabbeda group of angered Senators stabbed
Caesar to death on the floor of theCaesar to death on the floor of the
Roman Senate. (March 15, 44 B.C.)Roman Senate. (March 15, 44 B.C.)
This caused a civil war that lastedThis caused a civil war that lasted
several years.several years.
In 27 B.C., Caesar’s adopted son,In 27 B.C., Caesar’s adopted son,
Octavian was named the firstOctavian was named the first
emperor of Rome.emperor of Rome.
26. The Roman EmpireThe Roman Empire
AnAn empireempire is a nation or groupis a nation or group
of territories ruled by a singleof territories ruled by a single
powerful leader, or emperor.powerful leader, or emperor.
As emperor Octavian took the nameAs emperor Octavian took the name
Augustus.Augustus.
Augustus ruled the Roman EmpireAugustus ruled the Roman Empire
for more than 40 years, known asfor more than 40 years, known as
the Augustan Age.the Augustan Age.
27. The Augustan AgeThe Augustan Age
During the rule of Augustus theDuring the rule of Augustus the
Roman empire continued to expand.Roman empire continued to expand.
Augustus kept soldiers along all theAugustus kept soldiers along all the
borders to keep peace in the Romanborders to keep peace in the Roman
world.world.
During this time architects andDuring this time architects and
engineers built many new publicengineers built many new public
buildings.buildings.
28. The Augustan AgeThe Augustan Age
During this time trade increased withDuring this time trade increased with
olive oil, wine, pottery, marble, andolive oil, wine, pottery, marble, and
grain being shipped all across thegrain being shipped all across the
Mediterranean.Mediterranean.
Lighthouses were constructed toLighthouses were constructed to
guide ships into port.guide ships into port.
This was also a time of great RomanThis was also a time of great Roman
literature.literature.
29. The Rise of ChristianityThe Rise of Christianity
After the death of Augustus in 14After the death of Augustus in 14
A.D. a new religion begin to spread:A.D. a new religion begin to spread:
Christianity.Christianity.
At first it took hold in the easternAt first it took hold in the eastern
half of the Roman Empire.half of the Roman Empire.
By 200 A.D. this religion had spreadBy 200 A.D. this religion had spread
throughout the empire.throughout the empire.
30. The Rise of ChristianityThe Rise of Christianity
Christians were viewed withChristians were viewed with
suspicion and suffered persecutionsuspicion and suffered persecution
and many were punished or killed forand many were punished or killed for
their beliefs.their beliefs.
Things changed when ConstantineThings changed when Constantine
became emperor of Rome in 306became emperor of Rome in 306
A.D. During his reign ChristianityA.D. During his reign Christianity
became the official religion of thebecame the official religion of the
Roman Empire.Roman Empire.
31. The Fall of the Roman EmpireThe Fall of the Roman Empire
The empire was too large to governThe empire was too large to govern
effectively.effectively.
The army was not what it used to be.The army was not what it used to be.
There was corruption in the military -There was corruption in the military -
dishonest generals and non-Romandishonest generals and non-Roman
soldiers.soldiers.
Civil wars broke out between differentCivil wars broke out between different
political groups.political groups.
Prices increased, trade decreased.Prices increased, trade decreased.
32. The Fall of the Roman EmpireThe Fall of the Roman Empire
The rich became lazy and showed littleThe rich became lazy and showed little
interest in trying to solve Rome problems.interest in trying to solve Rome problems.
The poor were overtaxed and overworked.The poor were overtaxed and overworked.
They were very unhappy.They were very unhappy.
The population was shrinking due toThe population was shrinking due to
starvation and disease. That made itstarvation and disease. That made it
difficult to manage farms and governmentdifficult to manage farms and government
effectively.effectively.
The increased use of slaves put manyThe increased use of slaves put many
Romans out of workRomans out of work
33. FactsFacts
One of the things theOne of the things the
Romans are most famousRomans are most famous
for is their architecture.for is their architecture.
The Romans brought a lotThe Romans brought a lot
of new ideas toof new ideas to
architecture, of which thearchitecture, of which the
three most important arethree most important are
the arch,the arch,
the baked brick,the baked brick,
the use of cementthe use of cement
the use of concrete.the use of concrete.
Roman architectureRoman architecture
inspired the design ofinspired the design of
the U.S. Capitolthe U.S. Capitol
building!building!
34. FactsFacts
The Romans built thousands of miles of
road to connect the entire empire.
These roads were used up until about 100
years ago when technology advanced!
35. Fun Facts About RomeFun Facts About Rome
The Romans were the first to build aqueducts.The Romans were the first to build aqueducts.
36. FactsFacts
Ancient Rome had as many as 900 public baths.Ancient Rome had as many as 900 public baths.
Small baths held about 300 people. The largestSmall baths held about 300 people. The largest
bath held 1500 people. Bathhouses were built allbath held 1500 people. Bathhouses were built all
over the Roman Empire. The most impressiveover the Roman Empire. The most impressive
ones were found in the city of Rome. They wereones were found in the city of Rome. They were
decorated with marble and statues.decorated with marble and statues.