Pakistan was founded in 1947 by Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah and emerged as an independent state on August 14th, 1947. It has a total area of 796,095 sq km and a population of over 167 million people. Pakistan is divided into 4 provinces: Sindh, Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan. The country faces a governance crisis due to factors such as lack of competent leadership, political instability, corruption, weak institutions, fragile economy, terrorism, and nepotism. Key events that exacerbated the crisis include periods of martial law beginning in 1958 and the fall of Dhaka in 1971.

1. A few facts about PakistanA few facts about Pakistan
 Founded by Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah.Founded by Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah.
 Pakistan emerged as an independent sovereign state onPakistan emerged as an independent sovereign state on
August 14August 14thth
1947.1947.
 Capital City: IslamabadCapital City: Islamabad
 Total Area: 796,095 sq kmTotal Area: 796,095 sq km
 Population: 167,421,000Population: 167,421,000
 Language: Urdu (National) English (official)Language: Urdu (National) English (official)
 Divided into 4 provinces: Sindh, Punjab, North WestDivided into 4 provinces: Sindh, Punjab, North West
Frontier Province, and Balochistan.Frontier Province, and Balochistan.

2. Outline
Introduction
Define Governance
Essentials of Good Governance
Reasons of Governance Crisis
 Lack of competent Leadership
 Political Causes
 Administrative Causes
 Economic Causes
 Social Causes
 Nepotism
 Horse Trading
Some events that led to governance crisis in Pakistan
 Fall of Dhaka
 Start of martial laws

3. IntroductionIntroduction
 History of our Pakistan from 1947 to 2014History of our Pakistan from 1947 to 2014
 Our Nation is devoid of the optimismOur Nation is devoid of the optimism
 Lack in the Vigour and belief of Martin Luthur KingLack in the Vigour and belief of Martin Luthur King
 Successful Nation today in the worldSuccessful Nation today in the world
 In Pakistan, the Government came to snatch away all theIn Pakistan, the Government came to snatch away all the
resources and loot away everythingresources and loot away everything

4. The basic Definition ofThe basic Definition of
Governance?Governance?
 GovernanceGovernance refers to :refers to :
 ““The way power is exercised through a countrys,The way power is exercised through a countrys,
economical, political and social institutions is calledeconomical, political and social institutions is called
governance”governance”
GOOD GOVERNANCEGOOD GOVERNANCE
Governance is a pre-requisite for social harmony, publicGovernance is a pre-requisite for social harmony, public
order, political stability, economic prosperity andorder, political stability, economic prosperity and
certainty about future. It delivers the fruit of progresscertainty about future. It delivers the fruit of progress
and development. Good governance is required at alland development. Good governance is required at all
levels of state.levels of state.

5. Essentials of GoodEssentials of Good
GovernanceGovernance
 National IntegrationNational Integration
 Institutional SupremacyInstitutional Supremacy
 Independent JudiciaryIndependent Judiciary
 Rule of LawRule of Law
 Educational OpportunitiesEducational Opportunities
 Equal Distribution of ResourcesEqual Distribution of Resources

6. CrisisCrisis
1.1. Lack of Competent LeadershipLack of Competent Leadership
2.2. Political CausesPolitical Causes; Political instability due to; Political instability due to
interference of military , provincialism issues.interference of military , provincialism issues.
3.3. Administrative Causes;Administrative Causes; Corruption- mother ofCorruption- mother of
all evils, Absence of accountability,all evils, Absence of accountability,
mismanagement of resources.mismanagement of resources.

8. CCorruption?orruption?
Corruption is wrongdoing on the part of an authority or powerful partyCorruption is wrongdoing on the part of an authority or powerful party
through means that are illegitimate, immoral, or incompatible withthrough means that are illegitimate, immoral, or incompatible with
ethical standards. Corruption often from patronage and is associatedethical standards. Corruption often from patronage and is associated
with bribery.with bribery.

9. It has clung to the mankind of Pakistan like anIt has clung to the mankind of Pakistan like an
incurable disease. It is rather a great crime againstincurable disease. It is rather a great crime against
the other member of the societythe other member of the society.

12. Corruption perceptionCorruption perception
index 2013index 2013

15. CORRUPTION INCORRUPTION IN
PAKISTANPAKISTAN
FIRST: general economic conditionsarepoor and
everyonetrieshisbest to feather hisown nest.
SECOND: thesalariesof government officersare
low so they indulgein accepting bribes
THIRD: general pricesand standard of living is
very high, so thehonest way of incomefailshim in
life
FOURTH: social expendituresand customs
demandsmuch expenditureof money

16. .
 ““BUT IF YOU JUDGE ,JUDGEBUT IF YOU JUDGE ,JUDGE
BETWEEN THEM WITHBETWEEN THEM WITH
EQUITY.LO ! ALLAH LOVESEQUITY.LO ! ALLAH LOVES
THOSE WHO DO JUSTICE.THOSE WHO DO JUSTICE.
In thiscontext thefollowing versesof HOLY
QURAN isnoteworthy for thegovernment servants
and politiciansand judgesof theaccountability court
sof thecountry:

17. 4. Economic causes; Fragile economy, terrorism effecting economy, crisis of energy,
food and water.
5.Social Causes; 40% population below poverty line( UN report)
6.Nepotism; the practice among those with power or influence of favouring relatives or
friends, especially by giving them jobs.
7. Horse Trading;
 The good governance was seriously affected by various regimes to win over
support of those members of the National and provincial assemblies, belonging
to other parties.
 All the major parties indulged in this illegal practice and the Changa Manga
politics was introduced.
 All the sitting governments in order to control their MNAs and MPAs have to form
big cabinets.
 In addition to this, they have to spend heavy amount to bribe their legislators.
 The recent example of horse trading is witnessed in the Punjab assembly in
which a Unification Group was formed among the Pakistan Muslim League-Quaid
members.

18. Events that led to theEvents that led to the
Governance crisis in Pak.Governance crisis in Pak.
Start of martial laws:
1956 Constitution did not last longer .
Major-General Iskandar Mirza took over in August 1955 and later he was confirmed
as president.
General Ayyub Khan saw this as an opportunity to fulfill his political ambitions and
encouraged army generals to impose martial law in the country.
On October 8, 1958, all assemblies were dissolved and the first martial law was
imposed in the country. In fact, this was a beginning of recurring periods of martial
law.
General Ayyub ruled the country for 10 years with poor record of governance and
was elected president through indirect election.
He deliberately gave the rein of powers to Army chief, General Yayha on March 25,
1969, who imposed martial law in the country.

19. 
 This too off tracked the country from its real path of democracy and the concept of
good governance was again violated.
 No doubt all these measures were taken in the right direction, but at the later
stage they were proved to be a total disaster.
Fall of Dhaka:
 This period was worst of its kind as for as governance was concerned and the
country facing the consequences of his blunders in the form of bomb blasts and
the wave of terrorism.

20. ConclusionConclusion
 Good Governance is a must to run state affairs in a transparent manner.
 The crisis of governance in Pakistan is extensive and it is almost in a state of
collapse.
 All discretionary power at all government levels should be withdrawn and all
decisions should be regulated by law and merit.
 All government jobs should be filled through merit to end the culture of approach
and bribery.
 Good governance also means less expenditure on the government machinery
 The key to good governance lies in the fact that all state institutions should work
within their limits.

21. RefrencesRefrences
1- A Concise History of Indo-Pakistan by S. F. Mahmud
2- A Short History of Pakistan by M. D. Zafar
3- Constitutional and Political History of Pakistan by Hamid
Khan
4- Quotes from the Quaid edited by Sharif Al Mujahid and
Liaquat Merchant
5-Transperency international
6-Servay of The News and Jung