The document discusses the forms and functions of state and non-state institutions. It defines state institutions as those endorsed and supported by the central government, providing public services to citizens. It outlines the key elements of the state as population, territory, government, sovereignty, and international recognition. It also describes several core functions of the state, including governance, market engagement, security, infrastructure development, rule of law, human capital development, public financial management, citizen engagement, asset management, and disaster resilience. The document then defines various non-state institutions such as banks, corporations, trade unions, cooperatives, development agencies, civil organizations, and transnational advocacy groups, outlining their basic purposes.

1. Forms and Functions of
State and Non-State
Institutions
UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS

2. Objectives:
• Learners are expected to
differentiate State and
Non-State Institutions.
• Learners are expected to
know the functions and forms
of State Institutions.
• Learners are expected to
know the functions and forms
of Non-State Institutions.
MORE
Group Sheeeshhh
• Learners are expected to
answer the following
activities.

3. LET THE GAME
BEGIN!

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What is State?
State institutions are those endorse and
supported by a central state and part of formal
state structure.
It is owned and controlled by the
government.
·It provides the necessity of people by
allocating their resources to meet the
demands of its citizenry
1.
2.
3.

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Elements of State
The state is a human institution. So
population is its primary element. There is no
hard and fast rule about population. The
ancient Greek writers like Plato and Aristotle
favored a small population. According to
Plato, an ideal state should have a population
of 5040.
• POPULATION

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Elements of State
A definite and more or less permanent
territory is also regarded as an essential
element of the state. In modern times, the
citizens are bound together by residence on
a common territory. Land, water and air
space comprise the territory of a state.
2. TERRITORY

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Elements of State
A people occupying a definite territory
cannot form a state unless they are
politically organized i.e., unless they possess
a government. Government is the political
organization of the state. It is the concrete
and visible instrument of state power.
3.GOVERNMENT

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Elements of State
According to Garner, government is the agency
through which "common policies are determined and
by which common affairs are regulated." The state
wills and acts through the government. Government
must be effective; it must possess the capacity to
maintain order and enforce obedience. Without a
government there would be lawlessness and anarchy
and ultimately the state would be dissolved.
3.GOVERNMENT

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Elements of State
By far the most important characteristic of
the state is its sovereignty. It is the
characteristic which distinguishes the state
from all other associations. It denotes the
supreme power or the final authority from
which there is no appeal.
4. SOVEREIGNTY

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Elements of State
In modern times relations among nations have
grown and many international organizations and
institutions have come into being. Therefore some
scholars have argued that international
recognition be an essential element of state. The
recognition of the sovereign status of a new state
by other states is called international recognition.
5.INTERNATIONAL
RECOGNITION

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Elements of State
According to famous jurist, Oppenheim, "A state is and
becomes an international person by recognition only
and exclusively. But there is no agreement on how many
countries would have to recognize a new state so that
the latter gains statehood in the eyes of international
law. Recognition has also a political dimension. China
was already a full-fledged state for many years before
the UN was established in 1945.
5.INTERNATIONAL
RECOGNITION

22. Functions of
State
Group Sheeesh
Public sector management is a unique but essential challenge that
forms the bedrock of the inclusionary compact between the state and
its citizens. Governance requires uniform rules to create decision-
making rights and guidelines that define relationships between
individuals and organizations and provide opportunities for feedback,
accountability, and revision.
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Governance

23. Functions of
State
Group Sheeesh
Getting governance right, particularly in developing countries,
requires aligning organizational reforms to local contexts,
promoting robust monitoring and accountability systems to
prevent corruption, and building on assets as examples of
success.
MORE
Governance

24. Functions of
State
Group Sheeesh
It is crucial to create an enabling legal environment so that citizens
may participate in the market and a state can capitalize on its
economic advantages. A state aids the creation and expansion of
the market through setting rules for commercial policy, supporting
private sector development, and intervening at times of failure or
crisis.
MORE
Market Engagement

25. Functions of
State
Group Sheeesh
A state's relationship with a market is highly context specific,
with institutional structures changing with time and
circumstance. It is in this tense but creative middle ground
where a state must balance regulation while promoting
competitiveness, legitimacy, and access.
MORE
Market Engagement

26. Functions of
State
Group Sheeesh
The legitimacy of a state's monopoly on the use of force
determines the stability of the state and its social
compact. A state's security institutions, such as police
and the military, and the type of force they use must
fall under legitimate guidelines and laws. MORE
Security

27. Functions of
State
Group Sheeesh
Institutional checks and balances on the state's
monopoly on the use of force are a critical
demonstration of the state's accountability to
the rule of law.
MORE
Security

28. Functions of
State
Group Sheeesh
State security is a balancing act, where on one end extreme
centralization of power may lead to authoritarian uses of
violence outside of the law, while losing a monopoly on
force greatly delegitimizes the state and often leads to
violent struggles between non-state actors and parallel
institutions. MORE
Security

29. Functions of
State
Group Sheeesh
Infrastructure serves as the backbone of a state
and often is citizens' primary daily interaction
with state services through public utilities such
as water, electricity and roads. MORE
Infrastructure

30. Functions of
State
Group Sheeesh
Robust state infrastructure contributes to a
decrease in inequalities, particularly between urban
and rural communities, and helps better facilitate
security, administrative control, human capital
development, and disaster response. MORE
Infrastructure

31. Functions of
State
Group Sheeesh
Laying a foundation for the market,
infrastructure also creates avenues for
participation in regional and global
economies. MORE
Infrastructure

32. Functions of
State
Group Sheeesh
The rule of law is the "glue" that binds all aspects
of the state, the economy and society. Each state
function is defined by a set of rules that create
governance arrangements.
MORE
Rule of Law

33. Functions of
State
Group Sheeesh
The state's adherence to these arrangements can be
seen in the alignment of formal and informal rule
sets, the predictability and stability of how the rules
are enforced, and the degree to which successive
administrations and leaders adhere to the
constitution and other laws. MORE
Rule of Law

34. Functions of
State
Group Sheeesh
The accountability and monitoring
mechanisms within the rule of law allow
abuses to be identified and for reforms to
take place in an organized manner.
MORE
Rule of Law

35. Functions of
State
Group Sheeesh
The state must invest in all citizens-and all groups
of citizens-for the future development and capacity
of the state. The effects of this investment are
almost instantaneous and have led to the rise of a
global middle class. MORE
Human Capital

36. Functions of
State
Group Sheeesh
Human capital development has changed the
very definition of education in a globalized
economy, where new methods of problem
solving and technical skills are critical for a
society's success. MORE
Human Capital

37. Functions of
State
Group Sheeesh
Investments in higher education and public
health are invaluable tools for a state to
address poverty and social immobility,
promote competitive industries, and drive
innovation. MORE
Human Capital

38. Functions of
State
Group Sheeesh
States have historically played a critical role in the creation of
public lending institutions, which can be utilized to pay for their
operations and obligations. Effective public borrowing and
fiscal management enables states to develop predictable
payment mechanisms, increase credibility among citizens and
contracted service providers, and build resilience against market
shocks MORE
Public Financial Management

39. Functions of
State
Group Sheeesh
Sound public financial management is perhaps most
important in fragile and conflict-afflicted states, where
large sums of external funding lead to risks of corruption,
mismanagement, and further debt. It is therefore crucial
that states not only effectively manage public finances, but
also build transparency and accountability mechanisms to
better serve citizens. MORE
Public Financial Management

40. Functions of
State
Group Sheeesh
The creation of citizenship rights that cut
across gender, race, ethnicity, religion,
class, and location is critical to a society's
prosperity.
MORE
Citizen Engagement

41. Functions of
State
Group Sheeesh
Using policy and laws to establish equal opportunities
strengthens the social fabric and helps shift the dynamic of
the state from a formal organization into a community of
common sentiment with mutual rights and obligations. By
engaging with citizens and addressing barriers to inclusion,
states may better bridge contentious relations both among
citizens and with the state. MORE
Citizen Engagement

42. Functions of
State
Group Sheeesh
A country's wealth is made not just of money but
also vast arrays of assets from land, water, the
environment, extractives like minerals and oil, and
other natural resources to "intangible" benefits such
as licenses and permits.
MORE
Asset Management

43. Functions of
State
Group Sheeesh
The way these assets are used sustainably and
equitably for the collective good by a state is a
measure of its effectiveness. It is imperative that states
mobilize all their assets and are prepared for
conversations on what defines a public good and how
that good is being used. MORE
Asset Management

44. Functions of
State
Group Sheeesh
The ability both to prepare for natural disasters and
respond to them is a key measure of state resilience. It
is imperative that states not only prepare for natural
disasters within their geographic context, but also
develop resiliency measures for crises such as drought,
famine, and catastrophic weather. MORE
Disaster Resilience

45. Functions of
State
Group Sheeesh
Clear frameworks and rules for how states respond
to disasters, especially in the immediate aftermath,
eases the costs and time for reconstruction and
opens opportunities for reforms. MORE
Disaster Resilience

46. Department of Agriculture
• The department of agriculture is the principal agency of the
Philippine government responsible for the promotion of agricultural
development growth. They are the once that educates farmers on
soil and water conservation technologies through implementation of
watershed project.
• ·FERDINAND “BONGBONG” MARCOS JR. (JUNE 30, 2022)
PROJECTS OF DA
• IS A PROGRAM INTENSIFY DEVELOPMENTS IN
AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES SECTOR
• IT HELPS THE FARMERS AND FISHERS TO ESTABLISH THEIR
MARKET
• ATTAIN FOOD SECURITY FOR ALL FILIPINOS
• JUNE 23, 1898
KADIWA NI ANI AT KITA

47. Department of Education
• In-charge of assuring basic education access, promoting equity,
and increasing quality. It seeks to ensure access to education and to
improve the quality of education nationwide.
• INDAY SARAH DUTERTE (JUNE 13, 2022)
PROJECTS OF DepED
• Department of Education Secretary, Leonor Magtolis
Briones spearheaded the launching of the Sulong
EduKalidad: Addressing the Challenge of Quality in
Basic Education Campaign in support of agency goal
to raise the quality of Basic Education in the country in
December 2019.
• FOUNDED: JAN 21, 1901
SULONG EDUKALIDAD

48. Department of Science and Technology
• OVERSEING AND MANAGING NATIONAL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
AND OCCUPYING, UNDERTAKING TECHNOLOGICAL AND SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCH AND PROMOTING PUBLIC CONCIOUSNESS OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
• RENATO SLIDUM, JR. (JULY 22, 2022)
PROJECTS OF DOST
• This project will give opportunities to those who are
less fortunate but deserving students to study. This will
give them financial assistance including tuition fees
and other expenses.
• JANUARY 30,
1987
DOST-SEI SCHOLARSHIP

50. BANKS
Group Sheeesh
MORE
It helps us in keeping our money, availing different kind of
load, and exchanging of currencies. Banks also help the
country by providing financial assistance to the people who
wanted to be an Entrepreneur and start a business
The most basic form and sign of society’s
financial status

51. CORPORATION
Group Sheeesh
·It is owned by a group of people but has a separate
legal identity. This provides job opportunities to
number of workers in the country and thus lessens
the problem of poverty.
MORE
It usually set up to create profit and to provide
return to its shareholder.

52. Trade
Unions
Group Sheeesh
Created to protect the labor force of the country
MORE
It is also called as labor unions
Goal is to improve the working condition of a
country’s labor force

53. COOPERATIVES
Group Sheeesh
Are made up of people with common interest who
agreed to work together for easy, safe, and affordable
access to commodities, loans, and other services.
MORE
Cooperatives are created mainly for human to
organized a mutual benefit for each other.

54. DEVELOPMENT
AGENCIES
Group Sheeesh
Promote progress by engaging in projects, policy
making, and dialogue. Development agencies works as
a bank that provides financial assistance to important
projects.
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This organization simply wish to improve the current
standpoint of a certain society.

55. CIVIL
ORGANIZATIONS
Group Sheeesh
Include academic institutions, research teams, mass
media, religious organizations and people’s
organizations. These organizations are created to
expose the conditions of the marginalized sector of the
society by using mass media as its platform as they
raise critical issues to the government. MORE

56. TRANSNATIONAL
ADVOCACY
GROUPS
Group Sheeesh
Influence the government to take action on matters
commonly neglected. A group maybe a national or
an international organization that promotes and
advocates progress and development related to
particular issues of the society. MORE