1. Trends in journal management and user behavior – A librarian’s perspective Jason S Price, PhD E-Journal Package Analyst Statewide California Electronic Library Consortium and Science & Electronic Resources Librarian, Claremont University Consortium For: SAGE Management and Organizational Studies Editors Academy of Management Annual Conference, August 9, 2008

2. Overview Trends in library journal management Increasing availability through bundles Going electronic-only Evaluating journal usage Trends in user behavior Googlopoly: Where users are coming from Beyond keyword searching: Related, Citing, & Cited Articles Current Awareness / RSS / Faculty of 1000 Reading more, linking more, citing more (?) After each section: What are the implications for you as journal editors/authors? 2

3. Major means of online access Individual subscriptions Print+Online Online Only Publisher package subscriptions Aggregator database subscriptions Third parties aggregate journal content across publishers and sell as part of an A&I database, often with an embargo period SAGE MOST titles: Proquest ABI/Inform (21/55) Ebsco Academic Search Premier (2/55) 3

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5. Major means of online access Individual subscriptions Print+Online Online Only Publisher package subscriptions Aggregator database subscriptions Third parties aggregate journal content across publishers and sell as part of an A&I database, often with an embargo period SAGE MOST titles: Proquest ABI/Inform (21/55) Ebsco Academic Search Premier (2/55) 5

6. Libraries are: Increasing availability Claremont’s SAGE past (as of 2006): 91 Current Subscriptions, $XX,000/yr 8 online only, 38 print + online, 45 print only 8 MOST subscriptions Simulation & Gaming (Online only) Human Relations (Print + Online)* Work and Occupations (Print + Online) Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, The (Print Only)* Journal of Management (Print Only)* Organization Studies (Print Only)* Organizational Research Methods (Print Only)* Small Group Research (Print Only) 1 year Embargoed access to 15 more MOST titles ILL-only access to the other half 6

7. Libraries are: Increasing availability Claremont’s SAGE present (as of 2007): 91 ‘subscriptions’ + Premier $XX,000/yr Current and post-cancellation access to all 461 titles,1997-present (including all 55 MOST titles) Purchased backfile, so all older content too 500% increase in access, for 13% increase in price So why isn’t every library doing this? 7

8. Libraries are: Increasing availability Most libraries are… e.g. 90% of SAGE title subscribers in SCELC Despite their drawbacks: Subscription spend is ‘locked-in’ (no individual title cancellations) Price guaranteed to go up 5% per year Maintaining print costs an extra 25% per year New acquisitions & journal start-ups are difficult to accommodate What does this say about the importance of the number of subscribing institutions? // 8

9. Libraries are: going electronic-only Journals’ online suitability means they’re the first to go--Backfiles, front files, even print only Sent to repositories or recycled Motivators: Declining (& in some disciplines negligible) print use space in demand for other services space & staff time costs for processing pay per view & e-document delivery more efficient 9

10. Libraries are: going electronic-only Example: Mathematics journals @ Claremont // 10

12. As downloads

13. As a replacement for impact factor11

14. Evaluating usage: Local availability of articles cited by HMC biology faculty 12

15. Evaluating usage:availability of articles cited by bio faculty members 13

16. Libraries are: evaluating journal usage 14

17. Libraries are: evaluating journal usage 15

18. S3. Package value revisited CPU vs. CPP pdf requests only tell a different story!

19. 17 Libraries are: evaluating usage

20. Libraries are: evaluating usage factor Feasibility study of usage factor Standardized alternative to impact factor = ratio of downloads to articles published Advantages Addresses undergraduate & practitioner use* Useful in fields that are less heavily citation-focused No delay to availability, broader coverage? Concerns Potential for manipulation Multiple versions (or versions in multiple locations) http://www.uksg.org/usagefactors 18

21. Librarians are: evaluating usage factor Web survey - 155 librarians (UKSG study) 19

22. Howare library management trends relevant to you as journal editors/authors? 20

23. 7 March 2007 21 After Collaborative Collection Management

24. Users are: Finding abstracts w/ Google 22

25. Implications Page rank matters? (i) being cited by influential papers contributes more to the page rank than being cited by unimportant papers (ii) being cited by a paper that itself has few references gives a larger contribution to the page rank than being cited by a paper with hundreds of references 23

26. Users are: moving beyond keyword Boolean searching is dying Related article functionality is booming PubMed vs Web of Science vs Google Scholar Working from gems Subject-based vs Citation-based Cited by very common, limited utility for non-expert Cited Works More popular than cited by Tech. still behind in providing effective access 24

27. Users are: evaluating articles 25

28. Users are: using tools for awareness 26

29. Users are: Reading more, linking more, citing more Anecdotal only (on my part) More efficient: less time or more coverage? More accessible content, more relevant content Undergraduate use is booming 27

30. Howare user behavior trends relevant to you as journal editors/authors? 28

31. Take home points Access is growing rapidly Number of subscriptions is unrelated to access Usage matters (a lot) The majority of users are accessing content via Google– How should this affect author/editor behavior? mailto:jprice@scelc.org 29