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2. Definition
Autism: a neurological and social development
disorder.
Primary characteristics involve limited and impaired
social interaction, difficulties in both non-verbal and
verbal communication, and limited and often
repetitive behaviors.
Detectable from a relatively early age; structured
interventions are necessary to influence the
limitations in child development.
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3. Symptoms of autism in children
Generally involve broad-spectrum difficulties and
limitations in a child’s development.
Effects are evident in three major aspects of life.
1. Social interaction and relationship: the child
experiences significant problems in acquiring
communication skills (eye-to-eye contact, facial
expressions, bodily responses).
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4. Symptoms of autism in children
2. Verbal and non-verbal communication: delay in
talking (40% of people with autism never talk).
- difficulty in initiating and responding to a
communication
- use of repetitive words and behaviors.
- challenges in general communication, verbally and
in terms of body language.
3. Lack of, or little interest activities: many autistic
children do not show interest in regular play and other
activities.
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5. Causes of Autism
Prenatal factors:
Consumption of antidepressants when one is
pregnant, especially in the first 90 days of pregnancy.
Lack of adequate folic acid during pregnancy
The age of the parents: babies born to older fathers
and mothers have a higher probability of being
autistic.
Complications during birth
Maternal infections at the time of pregnancy
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6. Types of Autism
1. Autistic disorder/classic autism: late language
development, challenges in communication, little
affection or emotional contact.
2. Asperger’s Syndrome: deficiencies in social skills,
trouble adapting to transition or change, alterations
in routine may be upsetting
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7. Types of Autism
3. Childhood Disintegrative Disorder: severe regression
in communication skills, social behavior, and motor
skills.; lack of interest in socializing, loss of toilet
training skills, lack of interest in playing with their
peers.
- most common from age 4.
4. Rett syndrome: more common in females,
- marked by poor brain growth; problems with
walking, crawling
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8. Treatment and Intervention
Professional help necessary for effective intervention
in autism
Interventions involving applied behavior analysis,
language and speech therapy, structured teaching,
social skills therapy, and occupational therapy are
essential.
Involvement of parents/guardians and other siblings
and the application of therapy in a family
environment, with the help and guidance of a
professional, is essential.
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