The document discusses purchasing/procurement management and outlines key concepts. It begins with definitions of purchasing and procurement and their role in supply chain management. It then covers traditional roles and how they have evolved, highlighting how procurement now supports various functions across the organization. The document also outlines the supplier selection process and criteria for evaluating suppliers. It provides an overview of the typical purchase order process flow and documents involved. Finally, it discusses supplier resource management and factors to consider when managing supplier relationships.
This document provides an overview of training topics including ERP, MRP, supply chain management, purchasing, and just-in-time. It defines these concepts and discusses how they can help organizations reduce costs and improve efficiency through integrated systems, long-term supplier relationships, and minimizing waste. Specific techniques discussed include kanban, faxban, and establishing reliable delivery schedules through open communication between suppliers and customers.
The document outlines key concepts in procurement management including definitions of tender, bidding documents, bid, technical specifications, contracts, WHO prequalification, post-qualification, back orders, and total price. It distinguishes between purchasing and procurement. The document also discusses strategic objectives for good pharmaceutical procurement including procuring the most cost-effective drugs in the right quantities, selecting reliable suppliers of high-quality products, ensuring timely delivery, and achieving the lowest possible total cost. Key principles of good pharmaceutical procurement are also presented.
Procurement involves selecting vendors, negotiating contracts, and acquiring goods and services for an organization. It is a broader term that includes purchasing. Purchasing refers specifically to ordering, receiving, and paying for goods. While procurement deals with strategic sourcing, purchasing is focused on the transactional aspects of ordering. Overall, procurement manages the entire process of acquiring what an organization needs, with purchasing being a key procedural component.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Policy
What makes and effective Policy?
Purchasing policies - Providing Guidance and Direction
Purchasing procedures
Reference:
This chapter discusses procurement and supply management. It explains the procurement process and important materials management activities like managing vendor relationships. There are different types of purchases and items that require varying levels of attention. The chapter also covers how electronic commerce is increasingly being used for procurement activities like researching vendors, negotiating prices, and placing orders. It outlines advantages like reduced costs but also disadvantages like security and lack of personal interaction.
Procurement involves obtaining goods and services for an organization. It includes identifying suppliers through delivery and aims to ensure an uninterrupted flow of materials at the lowest cost while improving quality and customer satisfaction. The role of procurement is to source the right quality and quantity of goods from reliable suppliers at the optimal price, time, location, and service level to meet the organization's needs.
The document discusses purchasing/procurement management and outlines key concepts. It begins with definitions of purchasing and procurement and their role in supply chain management. It then covers traditional roles and how they have evolved, highlighting how procurement now supports various functions across the organization. The document also outlines the supplier selection process and criteria for evaluating suppliers. It provides an overview of the typical purchase order process flow and documents involved. Finally, it discusses supplier resource management and factors to consider when managing supplier relationships.
This document provides an overview of training topics including ERP, MRP, supply chain management, purchasing, and just-in-time. It defines these concepts and discusses how they can help organizations reduce costs and improve efficiency through integrated systems, long-term supplier relationships, and minimizing waste. Specific techniques discussed include kanban, faxban, and establishing reliable delivery schedules through open communication between suppliers and customers.
The document outlines key concepts in procurement management including definitions of tender, bidding documents, bid, technical specifications, contracts, WHO prequalification, post-qualification, back orders, and total price. It distinguishes between purchasing and procurement. The document also discusses strategic objectives for good pharmaceutical procurement including procuring the most cost-effective drugs in the right quantities, selecting reliable suppliers of high-quality products, ensuring timely delivery, and achieving the lowest possible total cost. Key principles of good pharmaceutical procurement are also presented.
Procurement involves selecting vendors, negotiating contracts, and acquiring goods and services for an organization. It is a broader term that includes purchasing. Purchasing refers specifically to ordering, receiving, and paying for goods. While procurement deals with strategic sourcing, purchasing is focused on the transactional aspects of ordering. Overall, procurement manages the entire process of acquiring what an organization needs, with purchasing being a key procedural component.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Policy
What makes and effective Policy?
Purchasing policies - Providing Guidance and Direction
Purchasing procedures
Reference:
This chapter discusses procurement and supply management. It explains the procurement process and important materials management activities like managing vendor relationships. There are different types of purchases and items that require varying levels of attention. The chapter also covers how electronic commerce is increasingly being used for procurement activities like researching vendors, negotiating prices, and placing orders. It outlines advantages like reduced costs but also disadvantages like security and lack of personal interaction.
Procurement involves obtaining goods and services for an organization. It includes identifying suppliers through delivery and aims to ensure an uninterrupted flow of materials at the lowest cost while improving quality and customer satisfaction. The role of procurement is to source the right quality and quantity of goods from reliable suppliers at the optimal price, time, location, and service level to meet the organization's needs.
The document discusses procurement strategy and outlines several key points:
1. It addresses challenges with accurately measuring costs and potential issues like human error or distortion.
2. It examines common strategic planning tools and issues they may have in fully representing an organization.
3. It outlines the structure of an effective procurement strategy, including defining the mission, strategic outcomes, and ensuring alignment with the overall organizational strategy.
Purchasing and procurement in Material managementKaustubh Vartak
Purchasing is a subset of procurement. Purchasing generally refers simply to buying goods or services. Purchasing often includes receiving and payment as well.
• Make Versus Buy
• Benefit of Outsourcing
• Source of Supplier Information
• Strategis Selection
• Supplier Relationship Management (SRM)
• Industry Example
1. Supply chain management involves coordinating the flow of materials, information, and finances between suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and customers. It aims to optimize the production and distribution of goods and services.
2. Key aspects of supply chain management include purchasing, logistics, and warehousing. Purchasing links an organization to its suppliers, logistics involves transporting materials, and warehousing manages inventory storage and order fulfillment.
3. Developing partnerships with suppliers is important in supply chain management. Strategic supplier relationships can help lower costs, improve quality, and increase flexibility throughout the supply chain.
The document discusses evaluation of purchase management performance. It outlines various quantitative and qualitative metrics that can be used, including price advantage, inventory levels, and relations with suppliers. Internal and external agencies can evaluate performance. Methods include forms, flowcharts, checklists and key performance ratios. A purchase audit examines the organization, policies, procedures, evaluation and reporting of the purchase department.
Procurement involves acquiring goods, services, or works from an external source. It is important that items procured meet needs in terms of quality, quantity, time, and location, while also obtaining the best possible cost. There are various types of procurement like single, stock, vendor managed inventory, and just-in-time procurement. Procurement requires identifying needs, suppliers, negotiations, and logistics management. It is a major part of government and public spending and aims to promote competition and minimize fraud. Performance is measured through metrics like spend under management and annual savings.
The document discusses procurement strategy and outlines several key points:
1) Procurement strategy is determined by an organization's competitive priorities, resource capabilities, and operating environment.
2) When developing a procurement strategy, an organization must consider its competitive priorities, strengths and weaknesses, and the competitive landscape.
3) A strategic procurement approach can provide benefits like supply continuity, improved business performance, and optimizing the supplier base.
The document discusses the procurement process in SAP. It involves determining requirements through a purchase requisition or MRP, sourcing suppliers through requests for quotation, selecting vendors, and generating a purchase order. The purchasing, warehousing, and invoice verification departments are then involved in goods receipt, and invoice and payment processing. Special procurement types like stock transfers, subcontracting, and consignment are also outlined.
This presentation discusses the importance of procurement policies, contract management, supplier management, and performance monitoring. It outlines the benefits of these practices, which include cost savings, compliance, visibility, efficiency, and risk reduction. Specific policies and tools are also presented, such as developing procurement guidelines, tracking purchases against contracts, consolidating supply chains, defining key performance indicators for suppliers, and using software to evaluate suppliers.
Use content-ready Procurement PowerPoint Presentation Slides to execute the process of acquiring goods and services from an external source via tendering. Meet customers & stakeholders demands, analyse processes, optimize strategies and ultimately reduce procurement costs. Incorporate professionally designed procurement PowerPoint PPT templates to transform your business which bring you benefits. This deck comprises of templates such as procurement strategy structure, procurement steps, procurement workflow process, procurement strategy, approach to procurement, formulating procurement strategy, creating procurement strategy, and more. Use this presentation for purchase planning, value analysis, financing, price negotiation, inventory control and stores, standards determination, etc. These procurement PowerPoint templates are completely customizable. Edit color, text, icon and font size as per your requirement. Add or remove content, if needed. Grab ready-to-use procurement PowerPoint complete presentation to go step by step process of acquiring goods and services from external suppliers. Good expression is guaranteed with our Procurement Powerpoint Presentation Slides. Communication becomes explicitly clear.
The document provides information on procurement processes in SAP, including:
- It describes the typical stages in a procurement cycle from identifying needs to payment settlement.
- It explains key SAP procurement concepts like purchase orders, goods receipt, and invoice verification.
- It outlines the different organization levels in procurement like client, company code, plant, and purchasing groups.
- It provides an overview of how to navigate in SAP and execute transactions like creating a purchase order.
The document discusses supply chain management. It defines a supply chain as the system involved in moving products from suppliers to customers, including organizations, activities, and resources. Supply chain management involves planning, implementing, and controlling supply chain operations to efficiently meet customer demands. It encompasses sourcing, procurement, production, and logistics management as well as coordination with supply chain partners. The goals of efficient supply chain management are revenue growth, better asset utilization, and cost reduction.
This document outlines the steps in defining a business need and developing a procurement strategy. The key steps are:
1. Define the business need by capturing requirements, obtaining stakeholder buy-in, and estimating budgets.
2. Develop a procurement strategy through activities like a team kick-off meeting, market research to identify potential solutions, defining success criteria, and agreeing on a procurement approach.
3. Evaluate and select suppliers by developing a pre-qualification strategy to filter suppliers, scoring and notifying suppliers, launching a tender, and further assessing and filtering suppliers to create a shortlist.
Procurement and sourcing involve finding suppliers and negotiating contracts to obtain goods and services for a business. There are various types of procurement like direct, indirect, and service procurement. The procurement process identifies steps to acquire necessary goods and services in a cost-effective way. Strategic procurement aims to choose suppliers that match business goals, procuring higher quality items while managing supply chain risk. Sourcing is the process of selecting suppliers to provide quality products at affordable prices through activities like market research, establishing standards, and negotiating contracts. It allows for cost management, stable supply chains, and reduced risk through strong supplier relationships.
The document discusses supply chain management (SCM). It defines SCM as the active management of supply chain activities to maximize customer value and achieve a competitive advantage. It describes key aspects of SCM including integrating suppliers, distributors and customers; using information systems to automate information flow; and setting objectives at strategic, tactical and operational levels to manage resources, scheduling and production planning. The document also outlines challenges in SCM like demand uncertainties and the bullwhip effect, and how information systems and software can help address these challenges by facilitating information flow, tracking orders and inventory, and enabling collaborative planning across the supply chain.
"You can download this product from SlideTeam.net"
Use content-ready Procurement PowerPoint Presentation Slides to execute the process of acquiring goods and services from an external source via tendering. Meet customers & stakeholders demands, analyse processes, optimize strategies and ultimately reduce procurement costs. Incorporate professionally designed procurement PowerPoint PPT templates to transform your business which bring you benefits. This deck comprises of templates such as procurement strategy structure, procurement steps, procurement workflow process, procurement strategy, approach to procurement, formulating procurement strategy, creating procurement strategy, and more. Use this presentation for purchase planning, value analysis, financing, price negotiation, inventory control and stores, standards determination, etc. These procurement PowerPoint templates are completely customizable. Edit color, text, icon and font size as per your requirement. Add or remove content, if needed. Grab ready-to-use procurement PowerPoint complete presentation to go step by step process of acquiring goods and services from external suppliers. Good expression is guaranteed with our Procurement Powerpoint Presentation Slides. Communication becomes explicitly clear. https://bit.ly/3oihfzw
Third Party Logistics providers play a major role in the supply chain management. The aggressive business market demands price reduction and an expanded technique and performance. Fourth-Party Logistics provider that outsources the management of logistics activities in addition to the implementation of the supply chain.
(1) The document discusses procurement processes and systems, including fraud risks. It describes the procurement cycle and key elements like purchase requisitions, purchase orders, and goods receipt.
(2) It outlines government initiatives in Malaysia to combat procurement fraud, such as establishing a central procurement body and implementing e-procurement. This has increased transparency.
(3) Automating procurement can support good governance and reduce corruption risks by integrating controls, segregating duties, and enabling transparency through e-procurement and audit trails. Workflow alerts and dashboards also improve oversight.
This document provides information on various modular structures created by Creative Structure Solutions, including dimensions, assembly times, and features. It describes the Lounger, Crossover, and Hexadome structures, which come in medium and large sizes. The Lounger is a lounge area, the Crossover is a canopy structure, and the Hexadome is a geodesic dome structure. The document details anchoring options, accessories, colors, load capacity, and transportability. It promotes the ability to create "villages" using the fully modular structures.
The document discusses procurement strategy and outlines several key points:
1. It addresses challenges with accurately measuring costs and potential issues like human error or distortion.
2. It examines common strategic planning tools and issues they may have in fully representing an organization.
3. It outlines the structure of an effective procurement strategy, including defining the mission, strategic outcomes, and ensuring alignment with the overall organizational strategy.
Purchasing and procurement in Material managementKaustubh Vartak
Purchasing is a subset of procurement. Purchasing generally refers simply to buying goods or services. Purchasing often includes receiving and payment as well.
• Make Versus Buy
• Benefit of Outsourcing
• Source of Supplier Information
• Strategis Selection
• Supplier Relationship Management (SRM)
• Industry Example
1. Supply chain management involves coordinating the flow of materials, information, and finances between suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and customers. It aims to optimize the production and distribution of goods and services.
2. Key aspects of supply chain management include purchasing, logistics, and warehousing. Purchasing links an organization to its suppliers, logistics involves transporting materials, and warehousing manages inventory storage and order fulfillment.
3. Developing partnerships with suppliers is important in supply chain management. Strategic supplier relationships can help lower costs, improve quality, and increase flexibility throughout the supply chain.
The document discusses evaluation of purchase management performance. It outlines various quantitative and qualitative metrics that can be used, including price advantage, inventory levels, and relations with suppliers. Internal and external agencies can evaluate performance. Methods include forms, flowcharts, checklists and key performance ratios. A purchase audit examines the organization, policies, procedures, evaluation and reporting of the purchase department.
Procurement involves acquiring goods, services, or works from an external source. It is important that items procured meet needs in terms of quality, quantity, time, and location, while also obtaining the best possible cost. There are various types of procurement like single, stock, vendor managed inventory, and just-in-time procurement. Procurement requires identifying needs, suppliers, negotiations, and logistics management. It is a major part of government and public spending and aims to promote competition and minimize fraud. Performance is measured through metrics like spend under management and annual savings.
The document discusses procurement strategy and outlines several key points:
1) Procurement strategy is determined by an organization's competitive priorities, resource capabilities, and operating environment.
2) When developing a procurement strategy, an organization must consider its competitive priorities, strengths and weaknesses, and the competitive landscape.
3) A strategic procurement approach can provide benefits like supply continuity, improved business performance, and optimizing the supplier base.
The document discusses the procurement process in SAP. It involves determining requirements through a purchase requisition or MRP, sourcing suppliers through requests for quotation, selecting vendors, and generating a purchase order. The purchasing, warehousing, and invoice verification departments are then involved in goods receipt, and invoice and payment processing. Special procurement types like stock transfers, subcontracting, and consignment are also outlined.
This presentation discusses the importance of procurement policies, contract management, supplier management, and performance monitoring. It outlines the benefits of these practices, which include cost savings, compliance, visibility, efficiency, and risk reduction. Specific policies and tools are also presented, such as developing procurement guidelines, tracking purchases against contracts, consolidating supply chains, defining key performance indicators for suppliers, and using software to evaluate suppliers.
Use content-ready Procurement PowerPoint Presentation Slides to execute the process of acquiring goods and services from an external source via tendering. Meet customers & stakeholders demands, analyse processes, optimize strategies and ultimately reduce procurement costs. Incorporate professionally designed procurement PowerPoint PPT templates to transform your business which bring you benefits. This deck comprises of templates such as procurement strategy structure, procurement steps, procurement workflow process, procurement strategy, approach to procurement, formulating procurement strategy, creating procurement strategy, and more. Use this presentation for purchase planning, value analysis, financing, price negotiation, inventory control and stores, standards determination, etc. These procurement PowerPoint templates are completely customizable. Edit color, text, icon and font size as per your requirement. Add or remove content, if needed. Grab ready-to-use procurement PowerPoint complete presentation to go step by step process of acquiring goods and services from external suppliers. Good expression is guaranteed with our Procurement Powerpoint Presentation Slides. Communication becomes explicitly clear.
The document provides information on procurement processes in SAP, including:
- It describes the typical stages in a procurement cycle from identifying needs to payment settlement.
- It explains key SAP procurement concepts like purchase orders, goods receipt, and invoice verification.
- It outlines the different organization levels in procurement like client, company code, plant, and purchasing groups.
- It provides an overview of how to navigate in SAP and execute transactions like creating a purchase order.
The document discusses supply chain management. It defines a supply chain as the system involved in moving products from suppliers to customers, including organizations, activities, and resources. Supply chain management involves planning, implementing, and controlling supply chain operations to efficiently meet customer demands. It encompasses sourcing, procurement, production, and logistics management as well as coordination with supply chain partners. The goals of efficient supply chain management are revenue growth, better asset utilization, and cost reduction.
This document outlines the steps in defining a business need and developing a procurement strategy. The key steps are:
1. Define the business need by capturing requirements, obtaining stakeholder buy-in, and estimating budgets.
2. Develop a procurement strategy through activities like a team kick-off meeting, market research to identify potential solutions, defining success criteria, and agreeing on a procurement approach.
3. Evaluate and select suppliers by developing a pre-qualification strategy to filter suppliers, scoring and notifying suppliers, launching a tender, and further assessing and filtering suppliers to create a shortlist.
Procurement and sourcing involve finding suppliers and negotiating contracts to obtain goods and services for a business. There are various types of procurement like direct, indirect, and service procurement. The procurement process identifies steps to acquire necessary goods and services in a cost-effective way. Strategic procurement aims to choose suppliers that match business goals, procuring higher quality items while managing supply chain risk. Sourcing is the process of selecting suppliers to provide quality products at affordable prices through activities like market research, establishing standards, and negotiating contracts. It allows for cost management, stable supply chains, and reduced risk through strong supplier relationships.
The document discusses supply chain management (SCM). It defines SCM as the active management of supply chain activities to maximize customer value and achieve a competitive advantage. It describes key aspects of SCM including integrating suppliers, distributors and customers; using information systems to automate information flow; and setting objectives at strategic, tactical and operational levels to manage resources, scheduling and production planning. The document also outlines challenges in SCM like demand uncertainties and the bullwhip effect, and how information systems and software can help address these challenges by facilitating information flow, tracking orders and inventory, and enabling collaborative planning across the supply chain.
"You can download this product from SlideTeam.net"
Use content-ready Procurement PowerPoint Presentation Slides to execute the process of acquiring goods and services from an external source via tendering. Meet customers & stakeholders demands, analyse processes, optimize strategies and ultimately reduce procurement costs. Incorporate professionally designed procurement PowerPoint PPT templates to transform your business which bring you benefits. This deck comprises of templates such as procurement strategy structure, procurement steps, procurement workflow process, procurement strategy, approach to procurement, formulating procurement strategy, creating procurement strategy, and more. Use this presentation for purchase planning, value analysis, financing, price negotiation, inventory control and stores, standards determination, etc. These procurement PowerPoint templates are completely customizable. Edit color, text, icon and font size as per your requirement. Add or remove content, if needed. Grab ready-to-use procurement PowerPoint complete presentation to go step by step process of acquiring goods and services from external suppliers. Good expression is guaranteed with our Procurement Powerpoint Presentation Slides. Communication becomes explicitly clear. https://bit.ly/3oihfzw
Third Party Logistics providers play a major role in the supply chain management. The aggressive business market demands price reduction and an expanded technique and performance. Fourth-Party Logistics provider that outsources the management of logistics activities in addition to the implementation of the supply chain.
(1) The document discusses procurement processes and systems, including fraud risks. It describes the procurement cycle and key elements like purchase requisitions, purchase orders, and goods receipt.
(2) It outlines government initiatives in Malaysia to combat procurement fraud, such as establishing a central procurement body and implementing e-procurement. This has increased transparency.
(3) Automating procurement can support good governance and reduce corruption risks by integrating controls, segregating duties, and enabling transparency through e-procurement and audit trails. Workflow alerts and dashboards also improve oversight.
This document provides information on various modular structures created by Creative Structure Solutions, including dimensions, assembly times, and features. It describes the Lounger, Crossover, and Hexadome structures, which come in medium and large sizes. The Lounger is a lounge area, the Crossover is a canopy structure, and the Hexadome is a geodesic dome structure. The document details anchoring options, accessories, colors, load capacity, and transportability. It promotes the ability to create "villages" using the fully modular structures.
La semiótica estudia los sistemas de signos y significados en cualquier campo, incluyendo la arquitectura. En la arquitectura, los elementos, espacios y quienes los habitan generan significados a través de la comunicación y experiencia social. La semiótica satisface necesidades psíquicas a través de mensajes arquitectónicos; de lo contrario, los edificios tendrían solo funciones utilitarias sin significado. El estudio semiótico de la arquitectura analiza el significado de sus elementos, formas, colores y la razón
This document discusses consciousness and disorders of consciousness. It begins by explaining that normal consciousness depends on interaction between the cerebral hemispheres and rostral reticular activating system in the brainstem. Disorders that disrupt these areas can cause altered consciousness states like unconsciousness, confusion, delirium, and coma. Coma is defined as an unarousable, unresponsive state. The causes, assessments, and management of disorders of consciousness like coma are then outlined.
Presentation of our CEO at Toulouse DevOps Meetup of modern monitoring solutions, what we should expect from them and a quick overview of existing open source solutions.
La Alcaldía de Valencia se encuentra ubicada en la Avenida Henry Ford en el centro de la ciudad. Tiene como alcalde a Ítalo-Venezolano Miguel Cocchiola del partido MUD. Ofrece diversos programas para los ciudadanos como la Feria del Progreso, Miércoles de Teatro, y Ticket de la Salud. Su visión es lograr consolidarse al servicio de los habitantes para mejorar su calidad de vida de manera eficiente, equitativa y sostenible.
El documento resume brevemente las características de la administración en diferentes épocas y culturas como Egipto, China, Mesopotamia, Grecia, India, la Edad Media, la Edad Moderna y Contemporánea. También describe teorías clásicas de la administración como la teoría científica de Taylor, la teoría clásica de Fayol y la teoría de las relaciones humanas de Elton Mayo.
Gaining & maintaining access to stigmatized samples (revised final)-6-1-15dcprojectconnect
Dr. Hart-Johnson Introduces her theory, Symbolic Imprisonment, Grief and Coping, and shares how to overcome sampling with hard to reach qualitative samples.
O documento discute a Taxa SELIC, que é a taxa básica de juros da economia brasileira definida pelo Banco Central. A SELIC influencia investimentos como títulos públicos, poupança e CDI, e é usada pelo governo para controlar a inflação e emprego. O documento também discute os aspectos legais da SELIC em relação a juros moratórios.
La contaminación es la transmisión de sustancias tóxicas al medio ambiente como la atmósfera y el agua. Existen diferentes tipos de contaminación como la atmosférica, de aguas, mares y océanos. El ser humano es el principal causante de la contaminación del agua a través de residuos domésticos e industriales. La contaminación amenaza la salud humana y otros seres vivos y ecosistemas, y es un problema grave que pone en peligro la vida en la Tierra si no se toman medidas para remediarlo.
Votre infrastructure est élastique, et votre monitoring ?Bleemeo
Talk donné à l'OpenStack Day France le 22 novembre 2016. Votre monitoring doit être une brique "as a service" comme votre infrastructure. Rappel ici des principes adoptés par les solutions de monitoring moderne suivi d'une démo avec Telegraf / InfluxDB / Grafana.
Les fichiers de démo sont disponibles sur github: https://github.com/lporcheron/openstackdaysfrance2016
La contaminación es la transmisión de sustancias tóxicas al medio ambiente como la atmósfera y el agua. Existen diferentes tipos de contaminación como la atmosférica, de aguas, mares y océanos. El ser humano es el principal causante de la contaminación del agua a través de residuos domésticos e industriales. La contaminación amenaza la salud humana y el equilibrio de los ecosistemas, y es un problema grave del cual todos debemos hacernos responsables.
Temas de pensamiento administrativo 2 cortewilder yepes
Este documento resume varias teorías clave sobre el comportamiento humano y la administración. Describe la Teoría X y Y sobre dos tipos de empleados, la Teoría de los dos factores de Herzberg, y las necesidades humanas de Maslow. También cubre las teorías de McGregor, la neoclásica, y los sistemas, destacando sus exponentes principales y características como la jerarquía y división del trabajo.
This document is Sutthilak Singhngoe's portfolio from 2012-2016 showcasing graphic design projects he worked on. It includes annual reports he managed and proofread for companies such as AP (Thailand) PCL, BTS Group Holdings PCL, The Erawan Group PCL, and others. For each project, it lists the concept and his responsibilities. His contact information is also provided at the beginning.
El documento resume tres teorías sobre la burocracia y la estructura organizacional. Explica que la teoría de la burocracia de Max Weber describe una organización eficiente basada en la división del trabajo, jerarquía, reglas y otros principios. La teoría de la contingencia sostiene que la mejor estructura depende de factores como la tecnología y el tamaño. Finalmente, la teoría situacional concluye que la estructura y funcionamiento de una organización depende de su interacción con el entorno externo.
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system that affects motor function. It results from degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra. Mitochondria generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that can cause oxidative stress and damage, contributing to Parkinson's pathogenesis. Several genes are involved, including DJ-1 which protects against oxidative stress, and Drp1 which regulates mitochondrial fission/fusion and impacts neuron health. Environmental toxins may also play a role by inducing oxidative stress. Diagnosis involves imaging techniques to observe dopamine deficiency in the brain. Flavonoids show potential for reducing neurotoxicity and slowing disease progression.
Créer une api publique avec Django REST frameworkBleemeo
This document discusses best practices for creating a public API with Django REST Framework. It recommends securing settings, abstracting the data model, and optimizing for performance. Authentication and permissions are important to implement, including deactivating the browsable API and HTTP options. Pagination, searching, and limiting response fields are also covered. Resources like workshops and articles on authentication, authorization, and exceptions with Django REST Framework are provided.
This document provides a summary of a Supply Chain Manager's experience and qualifications. In 3 sentences:
The Supply Chain Manager has over 20 years of experience leading supply chain operations for global FMCG companies, including expertise in demand planning, procurement, inventory management, and logistics. They hold a Bachelor's Degree in Business Administration and Computer Science. Their experience includes roles managing supply chain for Caribou Coffee and Starbucks in Egypt and Morocco, where they were responsible for planning, procurement, inventory control, warehouse management, and logistics.
This document is a semester project on a material management system for organizations. It was prepared by a student for their Managerial Accounting course. The project defines material management and explains its objectives and scope, which includes activities related to planning, purchasing, storing, and controlling materials. It also outlines the key sub-functions of material management like materials planning and control, purchasing, inventory control, and stores management. Finally, it discusses why effective material management is important for organizations.
This document provides information about a semester project on a material management system for organizations. It was written by Muhammad Asif Khan for his Managerial Accounting course, taught by Shaham Ahmed. The project defines material management, outlines its objectives and scope, and describes key functions like planning, purchasing, inventory control, and stores management. It explains why effective material management is important for customer service, production efficiency, and inventory level stability.
supply chain management in hospitality and tourism industryMerlynCasem
The document discusses supply chain operations, focusing on planning and sourcing. It covers key concepts like demand forecasting, aggregate planning, inventory management, procurement, and credit/collections. The objectives are to gain understanding of activities involved in supply chain planning and sourcing, as well as basic concepts in demand forecasting, inventory management, procurement, and credit/collections. The document provides details on various forecasting methods, types of inventory, procurement activities, and credit/collection activities.
The document discusses international procurement strategies and global sourcing strategies. It defines strategic purchasing as coordinating procurement requirements across business units to acquire goods and services in a way that supports business needs. A global sourcing strategy aims to reduce costs, access new technologies, establish alternative suppliers to reduce risk, and take advantage of superior quality from supplier investments. Developing an effective global sourcing strategy requires determining objectives, quality standards, quantities, suppliers, prices, and managing various risks and challenges of operating across different countries.
Procurement is an integral part of every business. Strategic sourcing permits you to empower your procurement team to satisfy these key business needs.
This document is a resume for Vaidyanathan Seetharaman, who has nearly 30 years of experience in supply chain management and commercial operations. He is currently the Vice President of Operations and Supply Chain Management at a pharmaceutical MNC in Chennai. The resume outlines his extensive experience in areas like procurement, materials management, vendor management, inventory control, and logistics. It also provides details of his past work experience at various pharmaceutical companies, key responsibilities, achievements and skills.
CHAPTER 1 introd to strategic procurement.pptxruthnyiramahoro
The document discusses strategic procurement and sourcing. It defines strategic procurement as an organization-wide process that ensures timely supply of goods and services in line with business goals while reducing supply chain risk. Strategic sourcing aims to build long-term supplier relationships that offer quality, value, collaboration and flexibility. The document outlines the key components of a strategic procurement strategy, including a mission and vision statement, desired results, timeframe, tactical plan, and key performance indicators. It also discusses different types of procurement strategies and categories of sourcing.
Operationalizing strategy refers to the process of allocating resources to implement an organization's chosen strategy. This involves various management activities such as setting short-term objectives, developing functional tactics, establishing policies to guide decisions, allocating resources, managing conflicts, and empowering employees. Functional tactics translate broad strategies into specific actions for individual business functions. They require greater specificity and have a shorter time horizon than business strategies. Policies standardize routine decisions to clarify discretion and empower employees while ensuring consistency with strategy. Resource allocation, conflict management, training, and decentralized decision-making can empower employees to implement tactics, while peer-based control and performance tracking exercise control over empowered employees.
This document contains a resume for Kishor B. Ghenand, summarizing his experience and qualifications. He has over 18 years of experience in supply chain management, procurement, materials and inventory management, and logistics. He is currently working as a Manager of Supply Chain Management and has previously held roles such as Deputy Manager of Sourcing and Assistant Manager of Purchase. He possesses expertise in areas such as cost reduction, inventory management, materials management, purchasing, and vendor management.
This document describes one team's experience with developing a strategic plan to address significant changes in their organization. Over several weeks, the team brainstormed strategic areas to focus on, researched best practices, developed vision statements and measures for each area, and established direction. Initial outcomes included enhancing procurement tools, developing sourcing strategies and risk templates. Remarkable outcomes were transforming the intranet site, conducting a needs assessment, proactively influencing meetings, developing prequalified supplier pools, and staff taking on leadership tasks.
Strategic Role of Purchasing
Purchasing Portfolio
Supplier Selection
Customer Centric Supply Chain
Supply Chain Management
Supply Chain Management in the 21st Century
Research Topics in Supply Chain Management
This document provides a summary of an individual's experience in procurement and supply chain management over 22+ years. It outlines roles and responsibilities held including managing purchase operations, materials management, vendor development, warehouse operations and team leadership. Specific responsibilities highlighted include procurement planning, contract management, inventory control, vendor evaluation and cost reduction initiatives. Previous experience includes roles at Pressure Vessel India where responsibilities involved streamlining procurement systems, establishing vendor relationships, implementing cost saving measures and using SAP systems to manage inventory.
The 7 step strategic sourcing framework is a popular model developed by ATKearney consulting to help companies lower costs through strategic procurement. The 7 steps include: 1) developing a category profile through spending and supply market analysis, 2) creating a sourcing strategy, 3) generating a supplier portfolio, 4) selecting an implementation plan such as negotiations or auctions, 5) negotiating and selecting suppliers, 6) implementing agreements, and 7) continuous improvement of the sourcing process. Major companies like P&G, HUL, IBM and Dell have used this framework to achieve cost savings of 10-20%.
Organizational Framework and Competitive StrategyRenjoie Soriano
This document discusses organizational frameworks and competitive strategies related to supply chain management. It covers the advantages of centralized supply management, including promoting effective use of purchasing professionals and generating bigger profits. It also discusses the disadvantages, such as increased coordination requirements. Competitive strategies are determined by available resources and business environment. The supply chain must be consistent with the organization's strategy, such as providing high quality materials at low cost. Strategic resource planning requires understanding the corporate strategic plan and carefully evaluating supplier capabilities. The dynamic evaluation and system implementation involves data collection and analysis, organization reengineering, and resource implementation and evaluation.
This document discusses strategic sourcing, which involves analyzing an organization's spending to make more effective business decisions about acquiring commodities and services. It outlines the mission, goals, and critical success factors of strategic sourcing, including executive sponsorship, end user involvement, data integrity, appropriate technology use, and continuous process improvement. A roadmap is provided that shows how strategic sourcing can increase customer satisfaction and significantly reduce costs through implementing best practices, identifying opportunities, and technology.
Strategy, not tactics, should drive aggregate planning. The research found that most manufacturers follow a chase or modified chase strategy to deal with seasonal demand fluctuations. While a mixed strategy is theoretically cheaper, no firms in the study adopted it. The research also found that aggregate planning is often flawed and not truly strategy-driven. Manufacturers need to select the appropriate production strategy to tackle seasonal demands for long-term viability.
1. The chapter examines how firms understand other firms as customers by learning how they rely on supplier networks, integrate purchasing with other functions, and make purchase decisions.
2. There are three main purchasing orientations - buying, procurement, and supply chain management - that have different priorities like reducing costs, improving quality, and building long-term supplier relationships.
3. Understanding a customer's purchasing orientation helps suppliers provide value. Purchasing also works closely with other functions and firms through cross-functional teams and activities that develop supply resources, improve existing offerings, and contribute to new product development.
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1. GLOBAL PURCHASING
AND SUPPLY
MANAGEMENT
Chp3. Strategic Purchasing
Supply Initiatives
CREATED BY :
SUHENDI
163.150.003
INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING MASTER
TRISAKTI UNIVERSITYLecturer :
Dr. Dadang Surjasa, S.Si, MT
2. Introduction
• Before anyone can effectively
implement strategic purchasing
supply management, he or she must
plan a program of broad personal
development and success, in
concordance with his or her
company’s plans and objectives.
2
3. Strategic Plan
• Purchasing managers should have a strategic
plan, and then use effective buying tactics to
carry it out.
• By definition a “strategy” is a plan to reach long-
term goals that takes one year or longer to
complete.
• Strategy gives direction. While tactics form the
basis for handling the various battles of the day,
“strategic planning” is how to win the war!
3
4. Why need Strategic Purchasing
Planning ?
• Strategic purchasing planning seeks to identify
critical long-range supply issues, and to foresee
sourcing changes.
• This reduces uncertainty by formalizing analytical
and creative thinking in cost reduction.
• Strategic purchasing planning is a necessity for
purchasing to become predictive and proactive,
rather than reactive with short-term problem
solving.
• Interpreting the strategic implications of global
supply assurance for the company is a purchasing
management responsibility.
4
5. Examples of Strategic
Purchasing Planning
• Selecting and evaluating suppliers to identify the best and
providing them with the incentives to improve supply
• Tapping supplier technological innovation before
competitors
• Reducing supplier lead time by guiding selected suppliers
to adopt lean manufacturing methods
• Developing closer ties with suppliers’ design capabilities
through supplier/purchasing/engineering coordination
• Improving post-purchase liaison—cost reduction, process
improvement and warranty coverage
• Negotiating inventory-reducing arrangements such as
consigned stock to free up funds for growth requirements
5
6. What Chief Purchasing Officer
( CPO ) should do ?
• Understand interlocking supply relationships such
as joint ventures and licensees.
• Integrate with the company’s other business
strategies through better communications.
• Support company strategic purchasing supply
objectives.
• Use cost control to achieve product price
leadership.
• Coordinate efforts to achieve quality results from
suppliers.
6
7. Strategic Purchasing Supply
Initiative
MANAGEMENT
• Recruit and develop competent personnel.
• Analyze the purchasing functions to be performed, and eliminate
unnecessary costs.
• Manage cost reduction and materials profit improvement programs.
• Maintain a strong Toted Quality Management (TQM or six-sigma)
system to achieve and maintain quality requirements.
• Interpret the strategic implications of global supply (delivery,
quality and cost risks) for the company.
• Search globally for new and alternative ideas, products, and
materials to improve company profitability.
7
Supply Base
Management
Strategy
Supply Plans to
Control Major
Commodities
Seek Leverage
with Buying
Teams
Tactics to Carry
Out Strategic
Plans
Emerging
Strategic
Opportunities
Selection of
Strategies Leads
to Action
Management Suppliers Prices Inventory Methods
Structure
Approach
8. Strategic Purchasing Supply
Initiative
SUPPLIERS
• Create an overall supply base management strategy.
• Initiate and maintain productive and mutually beneficial supplier
relationships.
• Assist suppliers with quality and process improvements.
• Track major suppliers position in their marketplace and report the
possible effect of trends on long-range availability and costs.
• Develop reliable alternative sources to ensure economic supply for
vital materials and components.
• Construct and implement diversity (minority/small business)
programs..
8
Supply Base
Management
Strategy
Supply Plans to
Control Major
Commodities
Seek Leverage
with Buying
Teams
Tactics to Carry
Out Strategic
Plans
Emerging
Strategic
Opportunities
Selection of
Strategies Leads
to Action
Management Suppliers Prices Inventory Methods
Structure
Approach
9. Strategic Purchasing Supply
Initiative
PRICES
• Procure materials at the lowest total landed cost (often also referred
to as “total cost of ownership”), consistent with the quality and
service required.
• Conduct cost and price analyses, set target costs for key purchased
items.
• Use available purchasing cost reduction techniques.
• Substitute less costly materials when possible and technically
acceptable.
• Focus on the buyer’s intrinsic buying power—use leverage to improve
the company’s competitive market position.
• Monitor price trends of major purchased items and provide
management with long-range forecasts of cost trends and material
availability.
9
Supply Base
Management
Strategy
Supply Plans to
Control Major
Commodities
Seek Leverage
with Buying
Teams
Tactics to Carry
Out Strategic
Plans
Emerging
Strategic
Opportunities
Selection of
Strategies Leads
to Action
Management Suppliers Prices Inventory Methods
Structure
Approach
10. INVENTORY
• Monitor assets in inventory to keep the minimum investment in
materials inventory consistent with avoiding outages of critical
supply items.
• Minimize inventory losses due to duplication, waste, and
obsolescence of purchased materials.
• Set material cost standards for inventory and financial planning.
• Consider a proactive strategy for component obsolescence.
10
Supply Base
Management
Strategy
Supply Plans to
Control Major
Commodities
Seek Leverage
with Buying
Teams
Tactics to Carry
Out Strategic
Plans
Emerging
Strategic
Opportunities
Selection of
Strategies Leads
to Action
Management Suppliers Prices Inventory Methods
Structure
Approach
Strategic Purchasing Supply
Initiative
11. Strategic Purchasing Supply
Initiative
METHODS
• Construct and implement key commodity plans.
• Track short- and long-range material supply availability.
• Search out new materials development and availability.
• Upgrade product quality through quality and reliability initiatives.
• Strive to source through the best buying channel.
• Understand the internal application of goods and services
purchased.
• Integrate commodity-sourcing strategy with new product
development projects.
11
Supply Base
Management
Strategy
Supply Plans to
Control Major
Commodities
Seek Leverage
with Buying
Teams
Tactics to Carry
Out Strategic
Plans
Emerging
Strategic
Opportunities
Selection of
Strategies Leads
to Action
Management Suppliers Prices Inventory Methods
Structure
Approach
12. Strategic Purchasing Supply
Initiative
METHODS
• Promote standardization and simplification of components and
products.
• Create material systems process improvements using information
systems and simplification techniques.
• Conduct or take part in make-versus-buy studies.
• Evaluate consolidation of shipments, modes of transportation, and
the like, in cooperation with the traffic function.
• Measure purchasing productivity and interpret results by
implementing integrated materials measurements.
• Prioritize all program elements according to importance.
12
Supply Base
Management
Strategy
Supply Plans to
Control Major
Commodities
Seek Leverage
with Buying
Teams
Tactics to Carry
Out Strategic
Plans
Emerging
Strategic
Opportunities
Selection of
Strategies Leads
to Action
Management Suppliers Prices Inventory Methods
Structure
Approach
13. Strategic Purchasing Supply
Initiative
STRUCTURE APPROACH TO STRATEGIC PROCUREMENT PLANNING
• Use procurement planning to control the major commodity
families representing at least 80% of the total dollars spent.
• Each commodity procurement plan shall achieve maximum
buying leverage through the use of buying teams in delineating
the strategy.
• All commodity plans will make use of total landed cost of
acquisition in supplier cost comparisons.
• Plans will outline methods to select, motivate, and evaluate
suppliers.
13
Supply Base
Management
Strategy
Supply Plans to
Control Major
Commodities
Seek Leverage
with Buying
Teams
Tactics to Carry
Out Strategic
Plans
Emerging
Strategic
Opportunities
Selection of
Strategies Leads
to Action
Management Suppliers Prices Inventory Methods
Structure
Approach
14. Strategic Purchasing Supply
Initiative
STRUCTURE APPROACH TO STRATEGIC PROCUREMENT PLANNING
• Plans will include, wherever feasible, methods to foster supplier /
buyerpartnering, such as :
a) Joint cooperation on new products or projects.
b) Shared process improvement initiatives.
c) Collaborative use of suppliers’ knowledge and capabilities.
d) Assistance to suppliers in improving their performance through
process analysis, quality improvement and cycle-time reduction.
e) Reduce lead times and cycle times to decrease inventory and free
funds for growth requirements.
14
Supply Base
Management
Strategy
Supply Plans to
Control Major
Commodities
Seek Leverage
with Buying
Teams
Tactics to Carry
Out Strategic
Plans
Emerging
Strategic
Opportunities
Selection of
Strategies Leads
to Action
Management Suppliers Prices Inventory Methods
Structure
Approach
15. Strategic Purchasing Supply
Initiative
STRUCTURE APPROACH TO STRATEGIC PROCUREMENT PLANNING
• Teams will use the following methods in developing and executing
commodity plans:
a) Apply cost reduction techniques such as lean manufacturing,
sixsigma, value analysis, systems contracting, make versus buy,
and the learning curve.
b) Establish corporate agreements to provide supply to multi-location
purchasing.
c) Protect prices by a strategy of hedging or forward buying.
15
Supply Base
Management
Strategy
Supply Plans to
Control Major
Commodities
Seek Leverage
with Buying
Teams
Tactics to Carry
Out Strategic
Plans
Emerging
Strategic
Opportunities
Selection of
Strategies Leads
to Action
Management Suppliers Prices Inventory Methods
Structure
Approach
16. Strategic Purchasing Supply
Initiative
• Ensuring economic supply to fulfill business needs is the central
objective of supply base management.
• To accomplish this noble objective it is necessary to have suppliers
whose efforts are well aligned and integrated with the customer’s
goals.
• Then a high level of collaboration between buyer and seller can
produce dramatic gains in quality, cost and delivery performance.
• Analysis of current spending patterns is the first step.
• The “80/20 Rule” will probably apply; 20% of the suppliers furnish
80% or more of the dollar volume, and vice-versa.
• A broad-based Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system will provide
such information, if purchasing, stores and payables records are all
included.
16
Supply Base
Management
Strategy
Supply Plans to
Control Major
Commodities
Seek Leverage
with Buying
Teams
Tactics to Carry
Out Strategic
Plans
Emerging
Strategic
Opportunities
Selection of
Strategies Leads
to Action
17. Strategic Purchasing Supply
Initiative
3 stages approach of Supply Base Management Strategy
• Supply Base Rationalization
It is simply a necessary step in bringing the number to a more manageable level
for developing a value-added relationship. The rationalization process should
produce substantial savings, as business is concentrated with a few suppliers
that offer the best prospects for future integration.
• Supplier Capability Development
Supplier capabilities are developed and refined through performance
evaluation, joint improvement projects and performance tracking. Projects may
include quality and lean manufacturing initiatives, leadtime reduction and six-
sigma process improvements, all aimed at providing better service to the final
customer.
• Collaborative Initiatives
A few truly productive relationships are more valuable than many that are
faltering. These efforts are complex, timeconsuming and require investment of
resources and continual follow-up from both buyer and seller.
17
Supply Base
Management
Strategy
Supply Plans to
Control Major
Commodities
Seek Leverage
with Buying
Teams
Tactics to Carry
Out Strategic
Plans
Emerging
Strategic
Opportunities
Selection of
Strategies Leads
to Action
18. Strategic Purchasing Supply
Initiative
18
Supply Base
Management
Strategy
Supply Plans to
Control Major
Commodities
Seek Leverage
with Buying
Teams
Tactics to Carry
Out Strategic
Plans
Emerging
Strategic
Opportunities
Selection of
Strategies Leads
to Action
Supply Base Development Strategy
19. Strategic Purchasing Supply
Initiative
• With knowledge of the needs and interests of the operating divisions,
planning is made possible by a document in the form of a Commodity
Supply Plan that is the basis for action.
• Each manager should decide how to approach the tasks by using the
combined inputs of top management, finance, marketing, engineering,
manufacturing, and purchasing.
• The Plan should include :
1. targets for the number of new buying or value analysis teams to add
2. savings targets for each
3. steps to be taken to coordinate with engineering
4. efforts to manage suppliers
5. steps to improve make-versus-buy approaches
19
Supply Base
Management
Strategy
Supply Plans to
Control Major
Commodities
Seek Leverage
with Buying
Teams
Tactics to Carry
Out Strategic
Plans
Emerging
Strategic
Opportunities
Selection of
Strategies Leads
to Action
20. Strategic Purchasing Supply
Initiative
• Commodity supply plans maintain focus. They should be adjusted to
the supply market and production systems, as well as marketing
strategies and company objectives.
• The commodity supply plan is a written strategy, and is controlled by
the lead buyer as agreed to by the team. The task of planning and
nurturing the team is the job of the central headquarters commodity
manager, or PM.
• Commodity supply plans are a means of combining enterprise-wide
usage patterns for optimum negotiating leverage.
20
Supply Base
Management
Strategy
Supply Plans to
Control Major
Commodities
Seek Leverage
with Buying
Teams
Tactics to Carry
Out Strategic
Plans
Emerging
Strategic
Opportunities
Selection of
Strategies Leads
to Action
21. Strategic Purchasing Supply
Initiative
21
Supply Base
Management
Strategy
Supply Plans to
Control Major
Commodities
Seek Leverage
with Buying
Teams
Tactics to Carry
Out Strategic
Plans
Emerging
Strategic
Opportunities
Selection of
Strategies Leads
to Action
- USAGE
- SOURCES
- COSTS
- QUALITY
- REQUIREMENT
- INVENTORY
- RAW MATERIAL
- CAPACITIES
- LABOR UNIONS
- TRANSPORTATION
- CAPACITY
- INVENTORY
- SPLITS OFBUSINESS
- NEW SOURCES
- QUALITY
- STANDARDIZATION
- TERMS
- STRIKES
- MAKE OR BUY
HISTORY COMMODITY
OVERVIEW
STRATEGIC
PLAN
3 Part Commodity Procurement Plan
22. Strategic Purchasing Supply
Initiative
• Most companies achieve the former go-it alone approach, while the
latter requires teamwork and more strategic planning, and a good
“climate” is needed to achieve results.
• Teams are useful when buyers seek to have a say in controlling their
marketplace.
• Buyers buy in the market that they define. And, sellers will negotiate
separately with each buyer in a company with multiple locations, that
is, unless the buyers define their marketplace collectively.
• PMs should foster commitment from the team members, manage team
conflicts, and help keep teams focused on reachable goals.
• Based on Pareto’s Principle, only about 20 teams are required for most
companies to control more than 80% of their production purchases.
These teams are often known as purchasing councils, and consist of a
commodity expert from each purchasing location.
22
Supply Base
Management
Strategy
Supply Plans to
Control Major
Commodities
Seek Leverage
with Buying
Teams
Tactics to Carry
Out Strategic
Plans
Emerging
Strategic
Opportunities
Selection of
Strategies Leads
to Action
23. Strategic Purchasing Supply
Initiative
Practical experience has shown that:
• Teams have been highly successful.
• They are fragile.
• Communication suffers if leadership is not shared.
• Team leaders normally are the largest buyers of the item (but again,
there are exceptions if smaller users have more to gain).
• Team members who endorse a plan will follow it.
23
Supply Base
Management
Strategy
Supply Plans to
Control Major
Commodities
Seek Leverage
with Buying
Teams
Tactics to Carry
Out Strategic
Plans
Emerging
Strategic
Opportunities
Selection of
Strategies Leads
to Action
24. Strategic Purchasing Supply
Initiative
How Buying Teams Operate ?
• All plant (or decentralized) buyers buy each item to the best unit
price, using normal “day-to-day” purchasing practices.
• The commodity team, under guidance of its “captain,” uses a
purchasing strategic supply plan to gather information, and form the
negotiation team.
• All buyers carry out the negotiation strategy of the plan because
they take part in setting it, realizing how their buying is
strengthened.
• The buyer’s individual negotiations are enhanced by total volume
leverage, which in turn reduces unit price and/or improves service at
each plant location.
24
Supply Base
Management
Strategy
Supply Plans to
Control Major
Commodities
Seek Leverage
with Buying
Teams
Tactics to Carry
Out Strategic
Plans
Emerging
Strategic
Opportunities
Selection of
Strategies Leads
to Action
25. Strategic Purchasing Supply
Initiative
• Tactical initiatives are short-range, day-to-day actions concluded
usually in less than 1 year. Tactics are how to win the battle!
• Tactical planning has two key components :
1. Quantifiable : Budgetary , quantity time
2. Not Quantifiable : Economics, operating assumptions, objectives
• Tactics are the actions buyers will take to carry out the strategic plans.
In a sense they are the pillars that hold up the building. Buyers should
set their tactics based on their strategic plans.
25
Supply Base
Management
Strategy
Supply Plans to
Control Major
Commodities
Seek Leverage
with Buying
Teams
Tactics to Carry
Out Strategic
Plans
Emerging
Strategic
Opportunities
Selection of
Strategies Leads
to Action
26. Strategic Purchasing Supply
Initiative
Some tactics the buyer might use :
• Develop and implement supplier performance tracking reports.
• Perform cost and price analysis of materials, components, and
services and contract for lowest total cost, consistent with maintaining
both quality and service.
• Conduct reverse auctions to determine lowest prices available for
highly competitive purchases.
• Spread purchases between two (or more?) suppliers, to avoid single
source problems. (If one source makes sense, have a contingency plan
for supply disruption.)
• Avoid frequent switching of supply back and forth between suppliers.
• Perform regular market searches on the Internet to identify potential
sources.
26
Supply Base
Management
Strategy
Supply Plans to
Control Major
Commodities
Seek Leverage
with Buying
Teams
Tactics to Carry
Out Strategic
Plans
Emerging
Strategic
Opportunities
Selection of
Strategies Leads
to Action
27. Strategic Purchasing Supply
Initiative
Some tactics the buyer might use :
• Stop buying from a supplier who doesn’t do a good job. The supplier
may be the best known, but if he doesn’t serve you well, then his
name recognition won’t save you.
• Identify inter-company process improvement opportunities, using
process mapping techniques and system integration software.
• Use collaboration tools such as Web conferences to encourage supplier
technological innovation ahead of your company’s competitors.
• Evaluate suppliers’ performance and motivate them to improve
quality, delivery and cost by developing specific targets, timetables
and rewards for such gains.
• Consider offshore sourcing when economically justified.
• Promote standardization and simplification of components and
products.
27
Supply Base
Management
Strategy
Supply Plans to
Control Major
Commodities
Seek Leverage
with Buying
Teams
Tactics to Carry
Out Strategic
Plans
Emerging
Strategic
Opportunities
Selection of
Strategies Leads
to Action
28. Strategic Purchasing Supply
Initiative
• Information technology and the explosive growth of
the Internet have created many new ways to exploit
strategic supply initiatives.
• Most of the opportunities involve more accurate
information from which more meaningful analyses
may be conducted.
28
Supply Base
Management
Strategy
Supply Plans to
Control Major
Commodities
Seek Leverage
with Buying
Teams
Tactics to Carry
Out Strategic
Plans
Emerging
Strategic
Opportunities
Selection of
Strategies Leads
to Action
29. Strategic Purchasing Supply
Initiative
29
Supply Base
Management
Strategy
Supply Plans to
Control Major
Commodities
Seek Leverage
with Buying
Teams
Tactics to Carry
Out Strategic
Plans
Emerging
Strategic
Opportunities
Selection of
Strategies Leads
to Action
Enabling Technology Potential strategic Supply Applications
Internet Search Capability Locate sources globally with more complete information. Locate highly
customized products and services.
Web-based reverse auctions Bring opportunity to bid simultaneously to suppliers anywhere in the world
Point-of-sale terminals Capture and report consumption in real time
E-mail, video-conferences, teleconferences
and instant messages
Enable virtual global meetings, global conferences and collaboration without
travel expenses and simultaneous communication across multiple tiers of the
supply chain.
Enterprise Resource Planning ( ERP ) Synchronize events across the supply chain and identify savings opportunities
between trading partners.
E-procurement Automate purchasing transactions, data capture and reporting. Simplify
workflow.
Spread sheet Analyze quotations using weighted criteria. Analyze supplier cost structures.
Data Warehouse Analyze multi location spending. Maintain and report supplier quality and
delivery performance history.
Remote Monitoring Allow suppliers to monitor equipment performance and conduct preventive
maintenance.
All of the above Reduce cycle-time and transcription errors throughout the supply chain.
Strategic Technology Opportunities