2. Nutrition
• Definition- Process in which animals consume
and utilize food.
• Provides a balanced diet and supports the life
processes of the animal.
• A direct correlation between proper nutrition
and weight of grain, also known as feed
efficiency.
3. Feed Efficiency
• Livestock Producers
▫ Monitor animal nutrition to decreases the number
of days to slaughter.
• Companion Animal
▫ Limit amount of feed to maintain animal health.
4. Balanced Ration
• Goal is to provide animal with all nutrients
needed for proper growth.
• Total amount of feed the animal gets in one day.
5. The Essential Nutrients
• Needed to insure life and
provide energy.
• Without, problems may occur
during
▫ Reproduction
▫ Lactation
▫ Body mass
▫ Maturity time
• 6 Essential Nutrients:
▫ Water
▫ Carbohydrates
▫ Lipids(Fats)
▫ Proteins
▫ Minerals
▫ Vitamins
6. Water
• Vital process where it dissolves nutrients and
acts as a carrier of nutrients within the body.
• Also controls the body temperature of the
animal.
• Makes up 40-80% of the animals nutrition.
• A clean water supply is best for rapid growth and
efficient production.
• Younger animals need up to 80-90% of water
which makes it THE MOST IMPORTANT
NUTRIENT!
7. Carbohydrates
• This nutrient is the main energy source.
• Produces body heat while providing energy to the
body.
• Carbohydrates have two groups, simple and
complex.
• Simple contain things such as sugars and starches.
• Complex contain cellulose and fiber.
• The extra carbohydrates that aren’t burned off turn
into fat.
• Obtained by: alfalfa, corn, sugars, and pasture.
8. Lipids(Fats)
• Provide twice as much energy and heat than
carbohydrates.
• This nutrient is easily digested.
• Obtained by: oats, cotton seeds, and distiller
grains.
9. Protein
• The main source of repairing and maintaining
bodily functions.
▫ Such as hair, skin, muscles
• Essential for fetal development.
• Made by amino acids.
• Monogastric animals have to take in amino acids
whereas Ruminants make their own.
• Obtained by: meat and bone meal, soybean
meal, and corn meal.
10. Minerals
• Provide rapid growth of bones, teeth, tissue, and
etc.
• These regulate chemical processes while making
body functions happen.
• There are two types of minerals, macro and
micro minerals.
• Macro minerals are needed in large amounts,
whereas micro are needed in small.
• Obtained by: mineral supplements, wheat, and
hay.
11. Vitamins
• Supplies animals with important nutrients that
help repair and perform other body functions.
• These are needed in small amounts, but are very
helpful to the animals.
• Two types of Vitamins are fat-soluble and water-
soluble.
• Obtained through supplements.
