MULTIMEDIA AND SYSTEM DESIGN

1. E0262 - Multimedia Communications
Prof. Pallapa Venkataram,
Electrical Communication Engineering,
Indian Institute of Science,
Bangalore – 560012, India
Multimedia Communications

2. E0262 - Multimedia Communications
Objectives
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To know the networking evolution.
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To understand the network types.
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To discuss multimedia requirements in the
communication systems.
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To understand the basics of a multimedia communication
system.
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To illustrate multimedia networks.
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To know the Internet protocol suite for multimedia
communications.

3. E0262 - Multimedia Communications
Networking Infrastructure Evolution
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Network deployment issues

4. E0262 - Multimedia Communications
Network Topologies Evolution
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LAN
– Linear topology
– Star­wired
– Multisegment
– Backbone­connected
– Switched­backbonet
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WLAN
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WAN

5. E0262 - Multimedia Communications
Multimedia Requirements
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To develop schemes for multi­access networks which can
provide performance guarantees.
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To develop a distribute route­selection strategy for point­
to­point networks.
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Real­time multimedia applications require guaranteed
performance communication services, such as throughput,
delay, delay jitter and loss rate.
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The characteristics of a source, such as peak and average
rate, are known at channel establishment time.
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Channel parameters have to be predicted in live
continuous video sources.

6. E0262 - Multimedia Communications
Communication Service for Multimedia
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Quality­of­service (QoS) support and group communication system:
– establishment and take­down of appropriately congured
channels;
– negotiation of QOS levels between end­systems, intermediate
systems, and network control; and
– control of the agreed QOS level
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bandwidth, delay, delay jitter (variance), and reliability.
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Audio/Video groups can:
– have static or dynamic memberships during their lifetime,
– have centrally (typically sender) or distributedly (typically receiver)
controlled membership,
– consist of members with homogeneous or be heterogeneous
characteristics and requirements.

7. E0262 - Multimedia Communications
Multimedia Communication System
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Communication system ­ A system or facility capable of
providing information transfer between persons and
equipment.
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CD­ROM: “Compact disk read­only memory.”
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Client­Server Model: A client makes a request and a
server fulfills that request.
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Composite Video: Analog video signals can be broken
down into parts such as luminance (Black & White) and
chrominance (color).

8. E0262 - Multimedia Communications
Multimedia File types
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Here are some examples of le types:
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Text Files: .txt, .doc, .rtf
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Audio Files: .au, .aif, .wav
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Graphic files: .jpg, .gif, .tif, .bmp, .pict, .pcx
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Moving video files: .qt, .mov, .avi
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Animation: .fli, .flc

9. E0262 - Multimedia Communications
Multimedia Communication System
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Interactive Multimedia Design
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Interlacing
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Interleaved
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Linear Multimedia
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Non­Interactive Multimedia
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Nonlinear Multimedia
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Presentation Multimedia
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Latency and Bandwidth

10. E0262 - Multimedia Communications
Multimedia Application Environment

11. E0262 - Multimedia Communications
Multimedia Communication System
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LAN Access Method
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Routing
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Frame and Packet Structures
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Packet Discrimination
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Identify packets that require special handling.
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Be capable of accommodating those special requirements.
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Bandwidth Requirement, Reservation and Conservation
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High bandwidth and low latency

12. E0262 - Multimedia Communications
Multimedia Communication System Architecture
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The ability to manage dynamically the achieved QoS of each service
component
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The possibility for users to select some resources that best meet their
needs.
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The possibility to interact with another user whose equipment has differing
characteristics.
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The communications network must allow any user to select the service
components he/she wants:
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The possibility for users to join in or withdraw from a communication
session according to certain policies, such as agreement of all interacting
partners before admitting a new user.
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The possibility to set such quality of service parameters as the
synchronization tolerance between the service components, the echo
sensitivity, the burst sensitivity, and so on.

13. E0262 - Multimedia Communications
Multimedia Networks
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Technical Issues
– Admission control
– Scheduling
– Resource management
– Congestion control
– Policing/Shaping

14. E0262 - Multimedia Communications
Multimedia Network Reference Model

15. E0262 - Multimedia Communications
Multimedia Hardware/Software
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Audio/Video Hardware
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Digital Video (DV)
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Analog to Digital devices
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Built­in Hardware
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Digital Video Software
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Multimedia Software

16. E0262 - Multimedia Communications
Comparison of Stacks

17. E0262 - Multimedia Communications
INTERNET

18. E0262 - Multimedia Communications
Connection to Internet

19. E0262 - Multimedia Communications
Multimedia Internet Protocols
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Multimedia over TCP
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Multimedia over UDP

20. E0262 - Multimedia Communications
RTP
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Real­time Transport Protocol (RTP) provides support for
the transport of real­time data such as video and audio
streams.
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RTP needs support from lower layers that actually have
control over resources in switches and routers
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RTP/RTCP provides functionality and control
mechanisms necessary for carrying real­time content.
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RTP/RTCP itself is not responsible for the higher­level
tasks like assembly and synchronization. These have to
be done at application level.

21. E0262 - Multimedia Communications
RTCP
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Real­Time Control Protocol extends RTP
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In an RTP session, participants periodically send RTCP packets to convey
feedback on quality of data delivery and information of membership.
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Packets defined for carrying control information:
– SR: Sender report, for transmission and reception statistics from
session participants that are
– active senders.
– RR: Receiver report, for reception statistics from session participants,
that are not active
– senders.
– SDES: Source description items, including CNAME
– BYE: Indicates end of participation
– APP: Application specific functions

22. E0262 - Multimedia Communications
Multimedia Internet Protocols
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SAP & SDP
– Peer to peer communication, the concept of session.
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SIP
– Signaling mechanisms that are necessary to establish a
session and to negotiate the parameters to be used in it,
such as codecs, media, location, etc.
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MBONE Tools
– SDR, VIC, VAT and RAT, WB, NTE.

23. E0262 - Multimedia Communications
Multimedia Internet Protocols
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RSVP
– Network control protocol
– Allows data receiver to request a special end­to­end quality
of service for its data flows.
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RTSP
– A client­server multimedia presentation protocol to enable
controlled delivery of streamed multimedia data over IP
network.
– Aims to provide the same services on streamed audio and
video just as HTTP does for text and graphics.

24. E0262 - Multimedia Communications
Multimedia Communications
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High­Density File Transfers
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Graphics File Transfers
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Audio File Transfers
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Video File Transfers
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Audio Communication
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Computer­Based Telephony
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Computer­Based Audio Conferencing
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Streaming Audio
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Video Communication
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Video Conferencing
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Streaming Video