AD-WAN-Tech-Chapter 1.pptx

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Presentation_ID 1
Instructor Materials
Chapter 1: WAN Concepts
CCNA Routing and Switching
Connecting Networks
Prof. Dr Ben Slama
Sami

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Chapter 1: WAN Concepts
Connecting Networks

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Chapter 1 - Sections & Objectives
 1.1 WAN Technologies Overview
• Explain WAN access technologies available to small to medium-sized
business networks.
 1.2 Selecting a WAN Technology
• Select WAN access technologies to satisfy business requirements.

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1.1 WAN Technologies
Overview

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WAN Technologies Overview
Purpose of WANs
WAN Technology Overview
A Nano network or nanoscale network is a set of
interconnected Nano-machine
Near-field communication (NFC) is a set of
Protocols for communication between two
electronic devices over a distance of 4 cm.
Indeed, NFC offers a low-speed connection
A body area network (BAN)
A wireless body area network (WBAN)
A body sensor network (BSN)
A medical body area network (MBAN)

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Purpose of WANs
 WANs connect LANs
WAN Technology Overview
WANs are used to connect remote
sites to the enterprise network.
 Various Technologies will be Used
to connect the all nodes

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Purpose of WANs
Point-to-Point – Typically a dedicated
leased-line connection using a digital circuit
Point-to-Point
WAN topologies
Common WAN topologies are:
The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) provides a standard
method for transporting multi-protocol datagrams over
point-to-point links. PPP is comprised of three main
components:
A method for encapsulation multi-protocol
datagrams.
A Link Control Protocol (LCP) for
establishing, configuring, and testing
the data-link connection.
A Link Control Protocol
(LCP) for establishing,
configuring, and testing the
data-link connection.
A leased line is a
private bidirectional telecommunications circuit between
two or more locations provided in exchange for a monthly
rent. Sometimes known as a private circuit
Diigital circuits : T1, E1, T3, and E3 circuits

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Purpose of WANs
Hub-and-Spoke – A single-homed, point-to-
multipoint topology where a single interface on
the hub router can be shared with multiple spoke
routers through the use of virtual interfaces
Hub-and-Spoke
WAN topologies
Hub-and-Spoke WAN topologies

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Purpose of WANs
WAN topologies
Full Mesh WAN topologies
Full Mesh – Each router has a
connection to every other router;
requires a large number of virtual
interfaces
Full Mesh

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Purpose of WANs
WAN topologies
Dual-homed WAN topologies
Dual-homed – Provides redundancy
for a single-homed, hub-and-spoke
topology by providing a second hub to
connect to spoke routers
Dual-Homed

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Purpose of WANs
WAN topologies
WAN and the OSI Model
In relation to the OSI reference
model, WAN operations focus
on Layer 1 and Layer 2.
WAN access standards typically describe
both Physical layer delivery methods and
Data Link layer requirements.
Physical Addressing
Flow Control
Encapsulation

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Purpose of WANs
WAN topologies
Standards describe how to
provide…
Standards describe how data is
encapsulated for transmission
to a remote location.

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Purpose of WANs
WAN topologies
WAN access standards are defined and
managed by a number of recognized
authorities, including the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO),
the Telecommunication Industry
Association (TIA), and the Electronic
Industries Alliance (EIA).

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2.1 WAN Terms

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Purpose of WANs
WAN topologies WAN Physical Layer Concepts

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Purpose of WANs
WAN Technologies Terms
CPE: Customer Premises Equipment
Demarc or demarcation point: is the last
Equipment in the CPE
Internet
Demarcation
Local loop: Wires which connects between
Demarc and Co-Switch.
Co-Switch : is switch which connect the Demarc and
internet.
PSTN(Public switched telephone network )
WAN Terms:

Presentation_ID 24
Purpose of WANs
Internet
Toll Network : is switch which connect the Demarc and
internet.
S1
S2
S1
S1
S1
S1
S1
St
Sn
Sm
Sx
Toll Network
WAN Terms:

Presentation_ID 25
Purpose of WANs

Toll Network
SVC: Switched virtual
circuit
PVC: Permantvirtual
circuit
VC:
VC:
VC:
VC: virtual circuit
1- Circuit Establishment
2- transfer Data
3. Termination
Payment cards per
period
B1
B2
If B1 want to connect to
B2 a SVC link will be
created
Payment per Months
WAN Terms:

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2.2 WAN Types

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WAN Services
WAN Link Connection Options
Public
Private

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Purpose of WANs Are WANs Necessary?
WAN-Types
T1/E1
T3/E3
FR amd ISDN are the two options used by ISP ( Internet service
Provider)
Circuit
Switched
Option
Packet
Switched
Option
Two options
i. ISDN
ii. BTN: Basic Telephone
Network
Two options
i. X.25
ii. Frame Relay
iii. ATM
iv. MPLS
DL is physically exists
C1 C1
DL
Benefits of the DL
1-Secure
2- High Cost
3-without TDM

Presentation_ID 29
Purpose of WANs Are WANs Necessary?
WAN-Types
can resolve t
Circuit Switched
Option: CSO
Packet Switched
Option: PSO
C1 C1
DL
Benefits of the DL
1-Secure
2- High Cost
3-without TDM
Toll Network
D1: CO-Switch D2: CO-Switch
Toll Network
D1: CO-Switch D2: CO-Switch
10 Packtes
P1
P1
P1
P1
P1
P1 High speed
Switching of the packets
Using Packets

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2,3 WAN devices

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WAN Operations
• Dialup modem
• Access server
• Broadband modem
• CSU/DSU
• WAN switch Router
Core
router/Multilayer
switch
WAN devices include:

Presentation_ID 32
WAN Operations
• Dialup modem
WAN devices include:
Dialup : is a internet
connection type
Used to establish
connection between
two nodes using a
Modem

Presentation_ID 33
WAN Operations
 WAN devices include:
• Dialup modem – legacy WAN technology that
converts digital signals into voice frequencies to
be transmitted over the analog lines of the public
telephone network.
• Access server – legacy WAN technology that
coordinates dial-in and dial-out user
communications.
• Broadband modem – used with high-speed DSL
or cable Internet service
• CSU/DSU – used to convert digital, leased-line
signals into frames that the LAN can interpret and
vice versa.
• WAN switch – multiport internetworking device
used in service provider networks
• Router – provides internetworking and WAN
access interface ports to connect to the service
provider network
• Core router/Multilayer switch – resides within
the backbone of the WAN, supports multiple
interfaces, and forwards IP packets at full line
speed

Presentation_ID 34
WAN Operations
 WANs can operate as circuit-
switched or packet-switched
networks:
• Circuit-switched Networks –
establish a dedicated circuit
between source and destination
before the users may
communicate, such as making a
telephone call
• Packet-Switched Networks – split
traffic into packets that are routed
over a shared network and do not
require a dedicated circuit between
source and destination
Circuit-Switched
Packet-Switched

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1.2 Selecting a WAN
Technology

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Selecting a WAN Technology
WAN Services
Two way that a business
can get WAN access:
 Private WAN Infrastructure
• The business negotiates
for dedicated or switched
WAN access with a
service provider.
 Public WAN Infrastructure
• WAN access is achieved
through the Internet using
broadband connections.
VPNs secure the
connections.

Presentation_ID 37
This topology
illustrates some
of these WAN
access
technologies.
WAN Services (cont.)

Presentation_ID 38
Private WAN Infrastructures
Advantages:
 Simplicity
 Quality
 Availability
Disadvantages:
 Cost
 Limited flexibility
Dialup

Presentation_ID 39
Private WAN Infrastructures (Cont.)
ISDN
ISDN BRI ISDN PRI
Sample ISDN Topology

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Frame Relay
 PVCs carry both voice
and data traffic.
 PVCs are uniquely
identified by a data-link
connection identifier
(DLCI).
 PVCs and DLCIs ensure
bidirectional
communication from one
DTE device to another.
 R1 uses DLCI 102 to
reach R2 while R2 uses
DLCI 201 to reach R1.

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ATM
Built on a cell-based architecture, rather than on a frame-based
architecture. ATM cells are always a fixed length of 53 bytes.

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Ethernet WAN
Features and Benefits of Ethernet
WAN include:
 Reduced expenses and
administration
 Easy integration with existing
networks
 Enhanced business productivity
 Service providers now offer
Ethernet WAN service using
fiber-optic cabling.
 Known as Metropolitan Ethernet
(MetroE), Ethernet over MPLS
(EoMPLS), and Virtual Private
LAN Service (VPLS).
Note: Commonly used to replace the
traditional Frame Relay and ATM WAN
links.

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MPLS
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a multiprotocol high-performance
WAN technology that directs data from one router to the next, based on
short path labels rather than IP network addresses.

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VSAT
Very small aperture
terminal (VSAT) - a
solution that creates a
private WAN using
satellite
communications.

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Public WAN Infrastructures
DSL
 Always-on connection
technology that uses
existing twisted-pair
telephone lines to
transport high-
bandwidth data, and
provides IP services to
subscribers.
 A DSL modem converts
an Ethernet signal from
the user device to a
DSL signal, which is
transmitted to the
central office.

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Public WAN Infrastructures (Cont.)
Cable
 Network access is
available from
some cable
television networks.
 Cable modems
provide an always-
on connection and
a simple
installation.

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Wireless
New developments in
broadband wireless technology:
 Municipal Wi-Fi – Many
cities have begun setting up
municipal wireless
 WiMAX – Worldwide
Interoperability for Microwave
Access (WiMAX) is a new
technology that is just
beginning to come into use.
 Satellite Internet - Typically
used by rural users where
cable and DSL are not
available.

Presentation_ID 48
3G/4G
Common cellular industry terms include:
 3G/4G Wireless – Abbreviation for 3rd generation and 4th
generation cellular access. These technologies support wireless
Internet access.
 Long-Term Evolution (LTE) – A newer and faster technology,
considered to be part of the 4th generation (4G) technology.

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 Public WANs rely on VPNs for
securing data between private
networks as it crosses a public
network, such as the Internet.
 Benefits:
• Cost savings
• Security
• Scalability
• Compatibility with broadband
technology
 Two types of VPN:
• Site-to-site VPNs
• Remote-access VPNs
Site-to-Site
Remote-Access

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Selecting WAN Services
Answer the following questions when choosing a WAN Connection:

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1.3 Summary

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 WAN access standards operate at Layers 1 and 2 of the OSI model.
 Permanent, dedicated point-to-point connections are provided by using
leased lines.
 Private WAN connections include:
Dialup
ISDN
Frame Relay
ATM
Metro Ethernet
MPLS
VSAT
 Security over public infrastructure connections can be provided by using
remote-access or site-to-site Virtual Private Networks (VPNs).
Chapter Summary
Summary
 Public WAN connections include:
DSL
Cable
Wireless
Cellular

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Presentation_ID 54

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