ALL-SOLID STATE BATTERIES

1. TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON
ALL-SOLID STATE BATTERIES:
AN OVERVIEW FOR
BIO APPLICATIONS
PRESENTATION BY :
GURURAJ B
RAWOOR

2. OVERVIEW OF SEMINAR
 Objectives
 Introduction
 History
 Working Principle
 Challenges For Future Batteries
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Applications
 Summary and Conclusion
 Bibliography

3. • In today’s world Electricity is considered as an integral utility.
We can never ever think of our lives without ELECTRICITY.
Thus electricity plays a vital role in functioning of the society.
• One of the portable and convenient sources of this electrical
energy is a Battery.
• Battery is the basic yet most powerful part of any device. Thus
a battery is an energy storing device.
• Solid State Battery is a battery that has both solid electrodes
and solid electrolytes.
OBJECTIVES

4. • This paper aims to identify, on the one hand, the efforts
performed in thin-film batteries, and on the other hand,the
future perspectives in integration of batteries with flexible
electronic circuits and energy harvesting systems.
• It highlights the need for an on-going investigation that
aims to replace metallic lithium anode of batteries through
different approaches.
• Other materials, namely silicon or germanium, seem
promising when combined with nanostructures.
CONTD…

5. INTRODUCTION
• Battery is a device which convert chemical energy into
electric energy.
Battery capacity for different technologies

6. • It is comparison of the battery capacity for different
technologies, conventional lithium-ion batteries (Li-
ion),polymer lithium electrolyte (Li-polymer) and lithium-
ion batteries in thin-films (Film Li/Li-ion).
• Conventional lithium-ion batteries use a liquid electrolyte,
polymer lithium batteries use a polymer-based electrolyte.
• This implies heavy packaging which increase batteries
weight and decreases their energy density.
• Use of liquid/polymer electrolytes, create several safety
issues, like leaking, becoming crucial the emergence and
continuous development of all-solid-state batteries due to
the rigid safety requirements for bio applications.
CONTD…

7. • Taking advantage of weight and size reduction with batteries
fabricated only by thin-films opens up the opportunity of
devices miniaturization and, at the same time and most
importantly, the integration of batteries directly into the
electronic chips.
• In the present research, aim is to integrate batteries, energy
harvesting systems and electronic circuits with MPPT
algorithms, at the same substrate, that can be flexible.
• Therefore, purpose is to enable the supplying of electrical
energy in sensing and monitoring applications , Human body
applications and other bio applications can benefit of these
characteristics.
CONTD…

8. HISTORY OF BATTERY
• In 1780, Luigi Galvani was dissecting a frog affixed to a
brass hook. When he touched its leg with his iron scalpel, the
leg twitched.
• Galvani believed the energy that drove this contraction came
from the leg itself, and called it “animal electricity”.
• However, Alessandro Volta, Phenomenon was caused by two
different metals joined together by a moist intermediary. He
published the results in 1791.
• In 1800, Volta invented the first true battery, which came to
be known as the voltaic pile. The voltaic pile consisted of
pairs of copper and zinc discs piled on top of each other,
separated by a layer of cloth or cardboard soaked in brine
(i.e., the electrolyte).

9. A voltaic pile, the first chemical battery Alessandro Volta

10. BATTERIES WORKING PRINCIPLE
• Composed by two electrodes and electrolyte between them,
acting as an electrical isolator.
• In the positive electrode, anode, reduction reactions occurs,
and in the negative electrode, cathode, the oxidation
reactions takes place. The anode in lithium batteries is
normally composed by metallic lithium of lithium-ions
through it.
• The electrolyte ensures the isolation among cathode and
anode.
• The main features of an electrolyte must be excellent ionic
conductivity; high electric resistivity, and good adhesion
with the electrodes.

11. All-solid-state battery with a lithium metal anode .
• All-solid-state batteries had already been under investigation
and development.
• Some of them are commercially available at companies like
Cymbet, Infinite Power Solutions, Front Edge,Sakti3, Seeo,
Toyota/AIST.
CONTD…

12. • The operating voltage, in lithium batteries, is defined through
chemical composition of their electrodes, cathode and anode,
and aren’t related with their dimensions, which affects the
batteries capacity.
• During the charge, lithium ions are extracted from cathode to
anode through electrolyte and electrons by external circuit.
• Conversely, during the discharge, the reverse process occurs
with cathode receiving lithium ions internally and electrons
externally.
CONTD…

13. • The cathode and anode current collectors, respectively,
are deposited by various techniques.
• The most common cathode of a thin-film battery is
lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) and the electrolyte is
lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON), both deposited
by RF sputtering.
• Promising results have been achieved, using the
electrodes and electrolyte materials mentioned above.
Thin-film lithium-ion battery fabricated on flexible substrate
CONTD…

14. • Capacity of the battery in charge curves for ten
charge/discharge cycles applying a current.
CONTD…

15. CHALLENGES FOR FUTURE
BATTERIES
• Despite the high gravimetric capacity of lithium, 3860
mAh/g, and lower molecular weight lithium have several
drawbacks.
• Several studies, investigation, are looking for other
materials to replace the metallic lithium, such as, tin (Sn),
silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge), among others.
• Results showing that anode based on Sn films reveals a
decreasing of their gravimetric capacity, 560 mAh/g.
• Further approaches are in investigation namely carbon,
graphene and germanium nanotubes , nanostructures of Sn
and Si, composites of Sn-based and Si-based , among
others.

16. • A different approach, than planar batteries, are the three
dimensional batteries. One of the ways to increases the
volumetric capacity of batteries is increasing the contact
area between cathode, electrolyte and anode, allowing
faster charge/discharge times.
• It uses lithography and electrodeposition.
• The uses of Si as anode material to replace metallic
lithium and the good knowledge in integrated circuit (IC)
technologies allows the integration and miniaturization of
microsystems.
CONTD…

17. APPLICATION
• Portable devices
• Power tools
• Electric vehicles
• Telecommunications applications etc.
ADVANTGES
• Lightweight, High energy density
• Low maintenance
• Variety of types available
• Solid state chemistry
• Heavy traction vehicles, Tools applications.
DISADVANTGES
• Subject to aging
• Expensive to manufacture
• Immature technology.

18. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK
• Research around all-solid-state batteries reveals crucial for bio
devices.
• The use of a liquid electrolyte with rigid safety requirements in
protective packaging and solid electrolyte with good properties.
• Currently, the direction of research is replacing the anode using
nanostructures of silicon, germanium among others materials.
• Matching three dimensional and integrated batteries in flexible
substrate with energy harvesting systems.

19. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• J. F. Ribeiro, R. Sousa, J. A. Sousa, L. M. Goncalves,
“All solid state batteries : an overview for bio
applications ”
• J. F. Ribeiro, R. Sousa, J. A. Sousa, L. M. Goncalves,
“Rechargeable lithium film batteries – encapsulation and
protection,” Procedia Engineering, vol. 47, pp. 676–679,
Jan. 2012.
• www.Battery university.com/solid -state -battery
• www.Radio –electronics.com/lithium -battery- types
• En.m.wikipedia.org/lithium -ion -battery