Best practices-for-testing-soa-based-systems

Best Practices for Testing SOA based systems SOA Symposium 2010 Guido Schmutz, Technology Manager / Partner Trivadis AG 5.10.2010, Berlin

Introduction
Guido Schmutz
Working for Trivadis for more than 13 years
leading and independent IT service company operating in Germany, Austria and Switzerland
Oracle ACE Director for Fusion Middleware and SOA
Co-Author of different books
Consultant, Trainer Software Architect for Java, Oracle, SOA and EDA
More than 20 years of software development experience
Contact: [email_address]
Blog: http://guidoschmutz.wordpress.com/
Best Practices for Testing SOA based systems

About Trivadis
Swiss IT consulting company
13 locations in Switzerland, Germany and Austria
~ 540 employees
Key figures 2009
Services for more than 650 clients in over 1‘600 projects
Over 150 service level agreements
More than 5‘000 training participants
Research and development budget: CHF 6.0 Mio. / EUR 3.6 Mio.

Agenda
Introduction
Scenario with Oracle SOA Suite 11g as an example
Unit Testing of Oracle SOA Suite 11g components
Integration Testing of Oracle SOA Suite 11g composites
Summary
Best Practices for Testing SOA based systems Data are always part of the game.

Testing of SOA based solutions
For testing N-tier solutions some common best practices have been established
Unit and Integration Tests
Test Driven Development / Test-First Approach
Mock Objects
A lot of these approaches can be used/adapted for testing SOA solutions as well

Testing of SOA based solutions
Testing a SOA solution is as/even more important
Often enterprise wide systems (backbone of an enterprise)
Many different users
Each single error can have a huge impact
Even if SOA uses a lot of existing functionality, it’s not enough to just test the existing functionality
A SOA adds some additional logic which needs to be tested as well!
Router
Filter
Enrichment
Service Orchestration
Business Process Logic
Rules
…

Challenges for testing SOA based solutions
SOA environments are inherently heterogeneous
SOA solutions typically integrate a set of packaged or custom applications
not always possible to provide a dedicated testing environment for all the systems involved
SOA often works asynchronously
Tests are usually carried out in a synchronous way,
Business processes often depend on timed events
unit of test usually larger than in traditional applications

Automatic Testing
Relies on automatic, programmatic execution of the different test scenarios
results can be verified against expected results
Efficient development and execution of test cases only achievable through Testing Frameworks
i.E. JUnit for Java
A Testing Framework provides some common, reusable components for
Creating a test
Executing a test
Verifying test results

Functionalities of a Testing Framework
Generator
Produces the test data
Executes the components under test
Verifier/Asserter
Compares the actual test results with the expected results
a Verifier/Asserter makes an accurate, binary decision whether a test was successful or not
Mock/Stub
Testing component which simulates part of the system to be tested

Focuses on one specific component of the system
Outside dependencies should be isolated as much as possible to ensure testing of the component in isolation
Easier to achieve with low-level component
Integration issues between components may not be discovered
But later integration tests can rely on well-written and (unit)tested components
Unit / Component Testing Best Practices for Testing SOA based systems

Focuses on the interaction between multiple components
Focuses on the lower layers first
Because they have the least external dependencies
If the test fails in a component of an upper layer, its less likely that the reason is a faulty lower layer component
These have already been tested
Also referred to as Bottom-Up Testing
Integration Testing Best Practices for Testing SOA based systems t

Agenda
Introduction
Summary

Sample scenario Request Generate ID Read customer info Validate credit card Internal External Best Practices for Testing SOA based systems

Oracle SOA Suite 11gR1 PS2 Architecture Oracle Restricted and Confidential Unified Runtime BPMN Policy Manager Optimized binding Human Workflow (+AMX, AG, Orgn) Business Rules Oracle Service Bus Common JCA-based connectivity infrastructure Repository EM console +BPMN Screens BAM B2B Mediator Workspace Process Portal (WC spaces) MS Office BPM Studio (with Business and IT views) Shared BPMN Model Business View BPA BPMN 2.0, BPEL Rich End User Interaction Web based customization Process Composer BPEL Process Analytics Proc Cubes

Implementation with Oracle SOA Suite 11g
SCA composite with the Business Process and a Mediator for customer integration
Credit card validation implemented as a service on the Oracle Service Bus service
Routes to the right credit card institute to be called

Artifacts to be tested
BPEL/BPMN flow logic
Decisions, Orchestrations, Timeouts, Asynchronous Interactions
Mediator logic
OSB flow logic
XQuery / XSL Transformations
Business Rules

Is this way of testing good enough? Best Practices for Testing SOA based systems Oracle Service Bus Console Oracle Enterprise Manager

Agenda
Introduction
Summary

Unit testing of a Oracle SOA Suite SCA component
Oracle SOA Suite 11g provides a testing framework with the following features
Definition of tests, assertions and emulations via JDeveloper
Starting Tests from the EM console or via the command line using ANT
Test Reports via EM console or via JUnit report
A test case contains
Initiation ( Generator )
Defines the services and operations, which will be called with test data
Emulation ( Mock )
Defined the message or error, which will be returned from a reference or a component
Assertion ( Verifier )
Compares the message or part of the message against expected data

Unit testing of an 11g SCA component
CustomerMediator called, but database access (via DB-Adapter) only simulated
Answer of CreditCardService simulated
Allocation of the request ID simulated
Fixed and deterministic values are always returned
Important to be able to test the answer with an Asserter (Verifier) against an expected message

Initial message, will be sent to the BPEL component ( Generator ) Emulated answer from customer service, without calling the real service ( Mock ) Answer will be tested against the expected message ( Verifier ) Best Practices for Testing SOA based systems

Executing test cases
Test cases will be deployed with the normal deployment of an SCA composite
Unit tests can be executed via Enterprise Manager (EM) console

Different Unit Testing Patterns
With Mediator logic
Without Mediator logic
Best Practices for Testing SOA based systems With Customer Service Mediator only

Unit Testing Oracle Service Bus (OSB) service
In order to be able to test the OSB service isolated (as a unit) there must be a way to simulate the two service references
Mocks for Visa and Amexco
This way the Routing and Transformation logic can be tested
Best Practices for Testing SOA based systems Amexco Visa Mock Generate Mock

But how do I get these Mock Services?
The Unit Testing Framework of Oracle SOA Suite 11g is not available for Oracle Service Bus services
Should we start implementing the Mock Services as own web services with the language of our choice?
Maybe using scripting language like Groovy or Ruby?
One advantage of SOA is the standardized definition of the interfaces through WSDL and XSD
There are more and more utilities/tools available, simplifying some of the tasks with a SOA solution
Functional testing
Load testing

soapUI
Tool for Web Service Testing
Available in a free version
Supports the Testing of SOAP as well as REST Web Services
Covers the following functionalities:
Inspection and call of web services
Functional testing of web services
Load testing of web services
Creation of Web Service Dummies (Mock Services)
Best Practices for Testing SOA based systems http://www.soapui.org/

Mock Service for the Visa Service Best Practices for Testing SOA based systems Mock

Fault Response and dynamic values with soapUI Best Practices for Testing SOA based systems

Executing WebService with soapUI Best Practices for Testing SOA based systems Request Response

Unit Testing Transformations
Automated Unit testing of Transformations is not supported!
developers tests are possible
automated with XMLUnit ?

Unit Testing Transformations - Idea
The transformation logic is often implemented in either XQuery or XSLT
How can this transformation be tested ?
Idea:
Implement a special service on the ESB just for testing the XQuery/XSLT artifacts
In order to make sure to use the same XQuery/XSLT engine
Use XMLUnit to compare expected and actual result

Agenda
Introduction
Summary

Integration Testing of SOA solutions
All the single components are deployed and wired together in a dedicated testing environment
Can be automated using Ant / WLST
connected with the corresponding test versions of the external services
What should we do, if there is no test version available of a given (external) service?
What should we do, if the service is not yet available?

Integration Testing of SOA solutions
How can the behavior of an external service be influenced?
So that different outcomes can be tested
to test the behavior of a SOA solution in an error case, the error situation has to occur
How to force a (external) service to produce an error at the right time?
The solution is again a Mock Service, which takes over the place of the external services

Integration Testing with soapUI
Tests can be combined into a Test Suite and run all together
Tests can assert, that the right outcome of a service call

Agenda
Introduction
Summary

Summary
Best Practices for testing conventional applications are valid for SOA based solutions as well
Unit Testing of SCA components is well supported via the Oracle SOA Suite 11g testing framework
Not complete yet, but already quite usable
Would be nice to be able to zoom into BPEL and BPMN with unit testing (was there in 10g)
Integration Testing can be implemented with soapUI
calling SOA Suite services
Creating a Mock Service for an external service
soapUI is much more powerful than shown here
All the Tests shown can be automated

Thank you! SOA Symposium 2010 Guido Schmutz, Technology Manager / Partner Trivadis AG 5.10.2010, Berlin My other session @ SOA symposium: Tuesday 15:30 Using Domain Specific Language(s) to Simplify Creating SOA Artifacts Contact: [email_address] Blog: http://guidoschmutz.wordpress.com/

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Best practices-for-testing-soa-based-systems

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