The document summarizes the separation of Singapore from Malaysia between 1963-1965. It describes four problems during their merger, including the 1963 Singapore elections where the ruling PAP party defeated the Singapore Alliance party backed by Malaysia. This caused tensions between the PAP and Malaysian Alliance party. Racial riots in 1964 further strained relations. Ultimately, both countries realized their political and economic differences could not be resolved, leading to Singapore gaining independence in 1965.

1. Separationof Singaporefrom Malaysia
Chapter 9
Part 2

2. Topics for this chapter
4problemsfaced during the merger
1963 Singapore Election
1964 Federal Election
1964 Race Riots
Malaya Solidarity Convention

3. 5reasonsfor separation between Singapore and Malaya
Disagreement over Common Market
Different Treatment of Races
“Malaysian Malaysia” Campaign
Different Political Ideology
Political Rivalry between PAP and Alliance Party

4. Singapore Politics
1.
Multiracial
2.
Meritocracy
•
A system based on rewarding based on a person’s talent and ability
Background
Malaysia Politics
1.
Communal Politics
2.
BumiputeraPolicy
•
Special rights and privileges is given to a certain race or group.

5. Form Alliance Party.
UMNO(United Malays National Organisation)
MCA(Malaysian ChineseAssociation)
MIC(Malaysian Indian Congress)
Malays/ Bumiputra
Chinese
Indians

6. Alliance Party backed Singapore Alliance Party. (a Malaysian political party in Singapore)
MalaysiaPolitics

7. 1963 Singapore Elections
1

8. 1963 Singapore Election
Singapore Alliance PartyA political party
(Singapore branches of UMNO, MCA and MIC under Malaysia’s political parties)
Who was involved?

9. Aim of Singapore Alliance Party
To win seats in the Singapore Legislative Assembly.

10. When did it happen?
•September 1963

11. When did it happen?
•September 1963
What happened?
•Singapore Alliance Party decided to challengePAP in the Singapore elections of 1963.

12. When did it happen?
•September 1963
What happened?
•Singapore Alliance Party decided to challengePAP in the Singapore elections of 1963.
Results of elections:
•Singapore Alliance Party did not win any seatin the election, not even in areas where there were more Malays.

13. UMNO became unhappybecause it meant that they were unpopularin Singapore.
Alliance Party vowed to re- organiseSingapore Alliance Party to defeat PAP in next election.
Such comments affected the relationship between UMNO and PAP in a negativemanner.
Consequences

14. 1964 Federal Elections(in Malaya)
2

15. Who was involved?
1.
Alliance Party
2.
PAP (wished to establish itself as a Malaysian political party)

16. When did it happen?
•April 1964

17. When did it happen?
•April 1964
What happened?
•PAP participated in the 1964 Federal elections of Malaysia.
•Their political campaigns attracted large crowds.

18. When did it happen?
•April 1964
What happened?
•PAP participated in the 1964 Federal elections of Malaysia.
•Their political campaigns attracted large crowds.
Results of Elections
•PAP won only 1 seat.
•The Alliance party won 89 out of 104 seats.

19. Consequences
Even though they won, Alliance Party was very upsetwith PAP even though PAP did not win.
They felt politicallythreatened.
Alliance Party wished to make people in Malaysia and Singapore dislike PAP.

20. Started an anti- PAP campaign using media (newspapers)

21. Started an anti- PAP campaign using media (newspapers)
Spreadrumoursto Malaysto spoil PAP’s reputation.

22. Started an anti- PAP campaign using media (newspapers)
Spreadrumoursto Malaysto spoil PAP’s reputation.
Created more tensionsand problems between PAP and Alliance Party

23. UtesanMelayu, a Malay newspaper claimed that 3000 Malay residents were affectedby the project
But in reality, only 200 Malay families were affected.
Newspaper claimed that PAP discriminatedMalaysin Singapore.
Resettlement Project in Singapore

24. Aim of Alliance Party
To win the votes andsupportof the Malays in Singapore.

25. This racial tension in Singapore led to two Race Riots.

26. 1964 Race Riots
3

27. Who was involved?
Singaporean Chinese and Malays
UMNO
PAP

28. When did it happen?
•Julyand Sept1964

29. When did it happen?
•Julyand Sept1964
What happened?
•During the celebration of Prophet Muhammad’s birthday in July 1964, there was a clashbetween Chinesepolicemenand Malayparticipants.
•It turned into full-blownraceriots.

30. When did it happen?
•Julyand Sept1964
What happened?
•During the celebration of Prophet Muhammad’s birthday in July 1964, there was a clashbetween Chinesepolicemenand Malayparticipants.
•It turned into full-blownraceriots.
Why did it happen?
•Alliance Party’s anti-PAP campaign created tensionsand angerbetween the Chinese and Malays in Singapore.
•These tensions turned into violenceduring the celebration.

31. Consequences
arrested
556
36
killed
injured
3000

32. Damageof properties

33. Damageof properties
Fearand Suspicionbetween the Chinese and the Malays

34. Malaysian Solidarity Convention
4

35. When did it happen?
•6 June 1965

36. When did it happen?
•6 June 1965
What is it?
•A political party formed byPAP andother Malaysian political partieswho opposed the Alliance Party (M’siapolitical party)

37. When did it happen?
•6 June 1965
What is it?
•A political party formed byPAP andother Malaysian political partieswho opposed the Alliance Party (M’siapolitical party)
Why was it formed?
•To campaign for a ‘Malaysian Malaysia’where everyone would be treatedequallyregardlessof their raceor religion.

38. PAP
A responseto what the Alliance Party did.
Spreadingof rumoursabout PAP against the Malay community in Singapore
Alliance Party
Felt very upsetand betrayed.

39. TheUnderlying Reason
After the riots, Alliance Party and PAP had an agreementnot to challenge each other politically.
Alliance Party went back on their word, and said they wanted to participateagainin Singapore’s electionsin 1967.

40. Consequences
Seen as a challengeto Alliance Party
Seen as a threatto the special privileges enjoyed by Malays in Malaysia

41. This caused a further strainin relationsbetween PAP and UMNO.

42. Recap
4problemsfaced during the merger
1963 Singapore Election
1964 Federal Election
1964 Race Riots
Malaya Solidarity Convention

43. 5reasonsfor separation between Singapore and Malaya
Disagreement over Common Market
Different Treatment of Races
“Malaysian Malaysia” Campaign
Different Political Ideology
Political Rivalry between PAP and Alliance Party

44. They can be categorisedinto
Economic
Political
Disagreement over Common Market
Different Treatment of Races
“Malaysian Malaysia” Campaign
Different Political Ideology
Political Rivalry between PAP and Alliance Party

45. No Common Market (P)
The Central Government (Malaysia) delayedthe setting up of the Common Market.
There was a delay in the setting up of the Common Market as Singapore was seen as an economic rival/ competitor.
(Elaboration)
AND led to a decline in the business of Singapore’s trade and this caused Singapore to be unhappy with Malaya.
Disagreements over Economic Matters
1

46. MalayaMalays were given special privileges and rights to help them improve on their standard of living
SingaporeMeritocracy for all
Everyone is equal and is treated equally regardless of race or religion
AND
this difference towards the treatment of different races led to tensionand unhappinessbetween Singapore and the Central Government.
Different Treatment of Races
2

47. ‘Malaysian Malaysia’ whereby people were accorded equal treatment regardless of their race.
SingaporePAP joined Malaysian opposition parties to form the Malaysian Solidarity Convention
Malaysiasaw the move by PAP as challengingthe CentralGovernment.
AND
this created tensionbetween PAP and UMNO and UMNO even called for the arrest of Lee Kuan Yew..
“Malaysian Malaysia” campaign
3

48. Communalismvs Multiracialism
Malaya expected Singapore to follow their political system. (Each political group take care of own races)
MalayaCommunal politics (where political parties were formed along racial groups)
SingaporeMultiracialism (where political parties include different races)
Difference in Political Ideology
4

49. This can be seen from the 1963 Singapore Elections, 1964 Federal Elections and the Malaysian Solidarity Convention whereby
both countries competed against each other politically.
Political Rivalry between PAP and Alliance Party
5

50. Link
These politicaland economicdifferencesled to disagreementsand increasedtensionsbetween the Alliance Party and PAP.

51. In the end, TunkuAbdul Rahman realized that the many disagreementscouldnotbesettled.
He felt that it was bestfor Singaporeto leaveMalaysia.
PAP finally agreed to the decision.

52. This story between Malaysia and Singapore came to an end.

53. Merdeka!
Singapore’s Independence!
9thAugust 1965

54. Definition
Nation
It consists of an organisedpopulationand government.
Republic
It is a nation governed by representativeselectedby the people, and where the Headof Stateis not a king or queen, but a President

55. 16thSeptember 1965
•Joined the UnitedNations
8thAugust 1967
•Formed ASEAN(Association of Southeast Asian Nations) to help to keepthe peaceamong neighboring countries

56. Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand

59. 1945
Singapore was still a British colony after Japanese Occupation ended
1948
First election, SPP won
1955
Labour Front won
1959
Full Internal Government
Chronology of Events

60. April 1961
Ong EngGuan won the Hong Lim by- election.
May 1961
Tunkusuggested a possible merger in his speech.
August 1961
Barisan Sosialis started a campaign to oppose the merger.
1964
Race riots between the Chinese policemen and the Muslims at the Padang.

61. Created by
Goh Bang Rui
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