1. Information and Communication
Technologies
(Use of Smart Phones)
For Education
(Distribution of Low Cost / High Quality
Educational Content)

2. Community Technology Centers

3. Canadian Council on Learning - Pillars of Learning
Literacy, Numeracy, General Knowledge,
Learning to Know and Critical Thinking
Technical, Hands-On Skills that Are Closely
Learning to Do Tied to Occupational Success
Civic Engagement, Respect and Concern for
Learning to Live Together Others Social and Inter-Personal Skills
Development of the Mind, Body and Spirit
Learning to Be Through Personal Discovery, Creativity and
Achieving a Healthy Balance in Life
Inspired by the Four Pillars of Learning for UNESCO by Jacques Delors

4. Educational Project Implementation
• Small loan to community members to trade their
“dumb” or “feature” phones for smart phones.
• They will be required to explain what educational
activity (formal or informal) they will use the
phone for.
• Agreement with telecommunication companies
to allow their use without data plan or subsidized
data plan.
• CTCs will be use as a WIFI hub for content
download, suggestions, and OER use and
development courses

6. - Rural Connectivity Program
- Community Technology Center Program
- Educando.edu.do Program
- Red Wan Program
- Virtual Areas for Education (AVES)
- Software development – ITLA - INTEC

7. Dominican Comparison -
Variables
Republic Group
Primary Enrollment 116
104
(GER) - 2008 (Region)
Secondary Enrollment 89
75
(GER) - 2008 (Region)
Public Expenditure as 2.2 4.5
% of GDP - 2007 (120th) (World)
Literacy Rate 91.0
88.2
(+15) - 2008 (Region)
Literacy Rate 96.9
95.8
(Under 15) - 2008 (Region)

8. The Dominican Republic
has a cell phone use rate
of 0.91 cellular phones per
person in the Dominican
Republic (INDOTEL,
2010)

9. Rodger’s Diffusion of Innovation

10. Gartner’s Hype Cycle

11. Factor Technology Assessment: Smart Phones
Merges a desktop or laptop computer with the conveniences of an older
Relative mobile phone (“dumb” or “feature” phone). Mobile phones allowed
Advantage countries to leapfrog the infrastructure development requirements of
landline phones.
Mobiles phone can be considered the most widely adopted technology
worldwide, smart phones will likely retain the same compatibility with
Compatibility local populations. Integrating the internet, picture taking capabilities,
banking capabilities and other features they may be even more
compatible.
The basic features of the phone are simple to use, and its touch sensitive
Complexity or user interface has contributed to its commercial success, expansion and
Simplicity rapid improvement. Adding voice commands increases access and its
simplicity for some users.
Unlike a desktop computer, a smart phone does not have a loading time
Trialability as it boots as soon as it is activated. It can be used seconds after it is
powered on.
They are attractive and filled with social features, and a powerful
processing engine. With over 400,000 applications for Android alone, or
Observability over 500,000 for iOS, app use and exploration can captivate individuals of
different interests and ages. The applications are also linked to a virtual
account and can be re-downloaded if a device is upgraded.

12. Factor Technology Assessment: Open Education
It is cheaper, customizable, and localizable. Depending on the license they
allow for “remix, reuse, revise, and redistribution”. Open textbooks are
Relative
increasingly being adopted in the United States and open content has
Advantage
reached billions. By being digital and easy to replicate there is no “Tragedy
of the Commons”.
Many individuals today first learn about a topic by “searching” for it online.
Google and its products are successful partly because they are to a great
extent open projects (open to use not all are open source). Wikipedia, a
Compatibility
fully open site, is the 6th most visited site on the Internet. Being open
means that anyone with an Internet connection should be able to access it
and/or download it.
Learning how to use them is simple, to edit them or to find them can be a
Complexity or
bit more complicated. A basic search and an advanced editing course
Simplicity
through the Community Technology Center will help reduce its complexity.
While most people understand what is “free”, they may not know how to
Trialability tell if something is free on the internet or not. They may have used
Wikipedia before but be unaware of the broader open movement.
Internet browsing is an individual activity and unless an individual decides
to share his or her internet activity most will be unaware of what site that
Observability person visit or how he or she acts in the internet. However, if individuals
are using their learning materials through their mobile devices, they will
likely receive other’s attention.

13. WHY ICT?

14. Aleph Molinary – R.I.A.

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Without Current Information
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16. Do We Need to Learn How to Use the Internet and
Computers to be a Part of the 21st Century?
Ginny - (CC BY-SA 2.0)

17. Yes in the U.S.

18. Ubiquity in Access to Information
ITU Statistics Global ICT developments, 2001-2011*
(http://www.itu.int/ict/statistics) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011*
Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions 15.5 18.4 22.2 27.3 33.9 41.8 50.6 59.9 68.3 78.0 86.7
Internet users 8.0 10.7 12.3 14.1 15.7 17.5 20.6 23.5 26.3 29.7 34.7
Fixed telephone lines 16.6 17.2 17.8 18.7 19.3 19.2 18.8 18.6 17.8 17.2 16.6
Active mobile-broadband subscriptions 4.0 6.3 7.8 12.6 17.0
Fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions 0.6 1.0 1.6 2.4 3.4 4.3 5.3 6.1 6.9 7.6 8.5

19. Information is Everywhere!
SI decimal prefixes Binary
Name Value usage
(Symbol)
3 10
kilobyte (kB) 10 2
6 20
megabyte (MB) 10 2
9 30
gigabyte (GB) 10 2
12 40
terabyte (TB) 10 2
15 50
petabyte (PB) 10 2
18 60
exabyte (EB) 10 2
21 70
zettabyte (ZB) 10 2
24 80
yottabyte (YB) 10 2

20. Digital Natives / Digital Immigrants
<5,000 Hours
Reading
Books
10,000 Hours
200,000
Playing Video Emails
Games
Digital
Natives
>10,000
>20,000
hours Talking
Hours
on the
Watching TV
Cellphone
>500,000
Commercials
Watched

21. Learning and Education
Educator Learner

22. Why OER and other
Internet Resources?

23. A Few Terms
• Free Culture
• Open Access
• Open Source Software
• Open Data
• Open Education Resources
• Open Content
• Open Course Ware

24. Classification of OER

25. More and More Low Cost Quality Open Information

26. Who Uses MIT OCW and OER? (2005)
OCW is accessed by a broadly international
population of
educators and learners.
• 61% of OCW traffic is non-US; East Asia-22%,
Western Europe-
15%, South Asia-6%, Latin America-5%, other
regions-13%
• 49% of visitors are self learners, 32% students, 16%
educators
The OCW site is being successfully used by educators,
students and self learners for wide range of purposes.
Source: • Educator uses: planning a course (26%), preparing to teach a
MIT OpenCourseWare class (22%), enhancing personal knowledge (19%)
• Student uses: complementing a course (38%), enhancing
Evaluation – 2005 personal knowledge (34%), planning course of study (16%)
• Self learner uses: enhancing personal knowledge (56%),
keeping current in field (16%), planning future study (14%)
• 41% are completely successful; 51% are somewhat
successful

27. Open Textbooks
Flat World Knowledge recently released information that 800 colleges will utilize its open textbooks this year (2010), saving 150,000
students $12 million or more in textbook expenses. – (http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Case_Studies/Flat_World_Knowledge)
Flat World Knowledge
http://flatworldknowledge.com
Erik Frank, Nicolle Allen (2011)
The Estado de Los Libros Abiertos

28. Open Access – SOAP - A Few Stats
SOAP Symposium, Berlin - January, 2011

29. Arguments for Open Education
• Many kids who will not be going to schools
– SS Africa – 76% will not have the privilege to
attend the last 3 years of secondary education
– We do not have enough money, we need to find a
better way to increase access to secondary
education and higher education

30. Power of Open
- Free Culture - Wikipedia
Openness
- OSS - GNU, Linux, Apache
- Creative Commons
OC
- OCW, Connexions
- Khan’s Academy, and Sophia
OER
- Flatworld Knowledge (Open Textbooks)
- DIY U and Open Education
- Parts of Google (Android, Apps Development) OCW
- Aris – Wisconsin-Madison
- MOOCs – Downes, Groom, and Siemens
- Sebastian Thrun (Udacity)
- OERU and the University of the People
- It is Financially Viable (Freemium and Other Models) - 2% Model
- Education is to Share
- Openness can Increase Opportunities For All

31. Concern With ICT and
Online Educational
Resources

33. Cultural E-learning Adaptation
Process Model (Edmunsdon, 2009)
Translation Usually from English
Localization Add relevant examples
Modularization Low levels of granularity
Origination Redesign by locals for locals

34. Trans-national Implications
OLPC - PERU DUMP - GHANA
https://edutechdebate.org/olpc-in-peru/oscar-
becerra-on-olpc-perus-long-term-impact http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/08/16/bits-
pics-a-global-graveyard-for-dead-computers/
Relevance of Social Inclusion
Mark Warschauer, Technology and Social Inclusion: Rethinking the Digital Divide The MIT Press (January 24, 2003)

35. Aleph Molinary – R.I.A.

36. Why Mobile?

38. HAITI
Haiti has adopted innovative mobile banking systems, as well as
relied on mobile phones to communicate during crises.

39. Iqbal Quadir - “Connectivity is Productivity, whether is on a developing country or Wall Street”
INDIA
Grameen Phone, launched in 1997 in Bangladesh, outfits women
entrepreneurs or “phone ladies” in rural villages with an off-the-shelf
mobile phone and a solar recharger unit, the cost of which (approximately
$175) is financed through microloans from Grameen Bank. The phone ladies
retail the phone service to people in the villages where they live. The
performance of Grameen Phone has been nothing but astounding.

40. Potential of the Smart Phone
Credit: Apple
http://www.imore.com/2011/12/12/apple-announces-million-ios-apps-18-billion-downloads/

41. Individualized Learning Plan
Construct your Personal Learning Environment
Interests
Music Drawing Math

42. Learning at a Low Cost
Arts
and
Crafts
Reading
Student’s
Formal Informal Experience
iTunes
U
Apps Learning Activity Knowledge

43. iOs Market
A Sustainable Model
http://stocktouch.com/

44. http://app.sketchclub.com/

45. Pedagogical Framework Mobile Learning

46. Flexible Learning
Mohammed Ally 2009

47. Power of a Good Education
Increase GDP
Increase Satisfaction
Increase Possibilities
CC-BY - Alan Cleaver

49. Leapfrog into which Future?