The origin of ethnic différences in Great Britain and the Patterns of integration of Ethnic groups.

1. Minority: less than half the whole, discrimination
against different race, religion, language …
Race: group of common origin with common
genetic characteristics
Racism: belief that members of 1 race are
inferior or superior to another race, identification
with race and hostility to other races.
Ethnicity: Common consciousness of shared
origins and traditions. Differences between ethnic
minorities (EM) are cultural and not biological.
Ethnic identity is often linked to national,
linguistic and religious identity,

2. Segregation: Groups live apart, either by minority
choice
or majority imposition.
Assimilation: Disappearance of cultural and other
distinctions and restrictions of movement and marriage
between ethnic groups
Coexistence of different groups with different values
with no complete assimilation (possible segregation).
Multiculturalism: diversity of groups which remain
culturally distinct and differences may even be
supported by the state.

4. HISTORY OF BRITISH IMMIGRATION
1914-1945
WWI Men from across the Empire
fought for Britain
India: 1.3 M Soldiers
Government feared the impact of
black faces in white Britain (race
riots in 1919)

5. British Troops
The British Indian Army
1.3 million men served in WW1, and 2.5 million in
WW2. Volunteer Indian Soldiers under British officers.

6. HISTORY OF BRITISH IMMIGRATION
1946-1948
Labour shortages in Britain. The government
began looking for immigrants.
157,000 Poles settled in the UK (joined by
Italians)
Reluctance to allow immigration from the
empire, but enough workers from Europe.
On 22 June 1948, hundreds of men from the
West Indies were brought to London.

7. FIRST CARIBBEAN IMMIGRANTS

8. FAMILIES IN TRAFALGAR SQUARE 1

9. FAMILIES IN TRAFALGAR SQUARE 2

10. INDIAN IMMIGRANTS

11. 1965 RACE RELATIONS ACT
 Ends discrimination on the grounds of race,
ethnic or national origins
 Outlaws discrimination in public places
legislation considered weak by
labour backbenchers and anti-racist groups
did not cover housing and
employment & racial discrimination not a
criminal offence.

12. 1968 RACE RELATIONS ACT
reinforces 1965 Act
extends measures to employment &
housing.

13. 1976 RACE RELATIONS ACT
 incorporated previous legislation &defined
direct and indirect discrimination
 outlawed racial discrimination in the work
place and at school, in provision of goods
and services,
 created CRE (Commission for Racial
Equality) to investigate unlawful
discrimination.
 But tightened immigration standards

14. STEPHEN LAWRENCE 1974 -1993
A black British man from South East
London.
Was murdered in a racist attack while
waiting for a bus on the evening of 22
April 1993.
Two of the 5
perpetrators were
convicted almost 20
years later in 2012.

15. RACE EQUALITY STRATEGY, RACE RELATIONS
AMENDMENT/ACT, 2000
 A public enquiry was ordered into the death
of Stephen Lawrence conducted by
Macpherson
 Following Macpherson's report, the 1976 Act
was amended in 2000 to include the police
for the first time.
 Public bodies must promote race equality &
prevent race discrimination.
 Efforts to increase minority ethnic staff.

16. NON-WHITE POPULATION
 White population: 87.9%

17. BRITISH POPULATION BY ETHNIC GROUP
 White population: 55 M
 Total Asians: 4.4 M
 Indian 1.5
 Pakistani 1.2
 Bangladeshi 450,000
 Chinese 420,000
 Total Blacks:4.9 M

18. LIFESTYLES OF ETHNIC MINORITIES
 Minorities have their own newspapers:
Caribbean Time, Asian Time and Amar Deep
Hindi
 They have their own political organizations:
The Standing Conference of Afro-
Caribbean
The Asian Councilors
The Black Against State Harassment
and Repression Groups
The Muslim Parliament

19. LIFESTYLES OF ETHNIC MINORITIES 2
 Household size: largest for Bangladeshi and
Pakistani
 Employment: Indians were least
disadvantaged & Bangladeshis most
disadvantaged.
 Home ownership: Indians &Pakistanis higher
/ Caribbean and Bangladeshi rented houses
 Cars: Highest for Indians lowest for
Bangladeshi

20. LIFESTYLES OF ETHNIC MINORITIES 3
 Ability to speak and read English: greatest
among Indians and least among
Bangladeshis
 Patterns of religious affiliation:
- All Pakistanis and Bangladeshis Muslims
- Indians split: Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims.
- Caribbeans mainly Protestant or Catholic