The document provides an overview of media in the United Kingdom, including television, radio, newspapers, magazines and regulations. It discusses the main public broadcaster BBC and largest commercial stations ITV and Channel 4. It also summarizes regulations set by OFCOM and advertising standards bodies. Independent producers have grown significantly since regulations requiring stations to source a portion of content externally.

1. British Media
by

2. Media in The UK
Television | Radio | Newspapers | Magazines
•The United Kingdom has a diverse range of providers, the
most prominent being the state-owned public service
broadcaster, the BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation).
•The BBC's largest competitors are ITV plc, which operates 11
of the 15 regional television broadcasters that make up the ITV
Network
•News Corporation, who hold a large stake in satellite
broadcaster British Sky Broadcasting and also operate a
number of leading national newspapers such as The Sun and
and the longest-established daily paper The Times.

3. Media in The UK
• Regional media is covered by local radio, television and print
newspapers.
• Trinity Mirror operate 240 local and regional newspapers in the
United Kingdom, as well as national newspapers such as the Daily
Mirror and the Sunday Mirror.
• 3.75 hours of television per day and 2.81 hours of radio.
• The main BBC public service broadcasting channels accounted for
and estimated 28.4% of all television viewing;
• The three main independent channels accounted for 29.5% and the
increasingly important other satellite and digital channels for the
remaining 42.1%.

4. Media in The UK
• The United Kingdom print publishing sector, including
books, server, directories and databases, journals,
magazines and business media, newspapers and news
agencies, has a combined turnover of around £20
billion and employs around 167,000 people.
• Sales of newspapers have fallen since the 1970s and in
2009 42% of people reported reading a daily national
newspaper.
• 82.5% of the United Kingdom population were Internet
users, the highest proportion in the world.

5. Media Organisations & Unions
• Some of the main employers' organisations: the British
Media Industry Group ,Cable Communications
Association , ITV Network Centre; National
Association of Press Agencies
• Some of the major industry bodies: Commonwealth
Press Union, Institute of Local Television, Radio
Joint Audience Research.
• The major publisher groups: Association of British
Editors, British Society of Magazine Editors.
• The main trade union: Broadcasting, Entertainment,
Cinematograph and Theatre Union, National Union of
Journalists

6. Most Important Media Awards
• The British Academy Television Awards (BAFTAs) are the most
prestigious awards given in the British television industry, analogous to the
Emmy Awards in the United States. They have been awarded annually since
1954, and are only open to British programmes. After all the entries have been
received, they are voted for online by all eligible members of the Academy.
The winner is chosen from the four nominees by a special jury of nine academy
members for each award, the members of each jury selected by the Academy's
Television Committee.
• The National Television Awards is a British television awards ceremony,
sponsored by ITV and initiated in 1995. Although not widely held to be as
prestigious as the BAFTAs, the National Television Awards are probably the
most prominent ceremony for which the results are voted on by the general
public. Unlike the BAFTAs, the National Television Awards allow foreign
programmes to be nominated, providing they have been screened on a British
channel during the eligible time period.

7. Regulations in The UK

8. The Office of Communications
• OFCOM is the government-approved regulatory and competition
authority for the broadcasting, telecommunications and postal
industries of the United Kingdom.
• The CODE covers the 10 main sections.
Protection of under-eighteens | Harm and Offence | Crime | Religion |
Impartiality and Accuracy | Elections | Fairness | Privacy |
Sponsorship and commercial references.

9. OFCOM
• Ofcom licenses all UK commercial television and radio services in
the UK. Broadcasters must comply by the terms of their license, or
risk having it revoked. Ofcom also publishes the Broadcasting
Code, an extensive series of rules which all broadcast content on
television and radio must follow.
• As the regulatory body for media broadcasts, part of Ofcom's
duties are to examine specific complaints by viewers or listeners
about programmes broadcast on channels that it has licensed.
When Ofcom receives a complaint, it asks the broadcaster for a
copy of the programme, it then examines the programme content
to see if it is in breach of the broadcasting code.

10. The Committee for Advertising Practice

11. CAP
• The Committee for Advertising Practice (CAP, or BCAP) is the
body contracted by Ofcom to create and maintain the codes of
practice governing television advertising.
• The CODES cover advertising standards (the TV Code), guidance
notes, scheduling rules, text services (the Teletext Code) and
interactive television guidance. The main sections of the TV Code
concern compliance, progammes and advertising, unacceptable
products, political and controversial issues, misleading advertising,
harm and offence, children, medicines, treatments, health claims
and nutrition, finance and investments, and religion.

12. The Advertising Standards Authority (ASA)

13. ASA
• The Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) is an independent body
responsible for resolving complaints relating to the advertising
industry within the UK.
• It is not government funded, but funded by a levy on the advertising
industry. It ensures compliance with the Codes created by CAP.
• The ASA covers all forms of advertising, not just television
advertisements. The ASA can refer problematic adverts to Ofcom,
since the channels carrying the adverts are ultimately responsible
for the advertising content, and are answerable to Ofcom. Ofcom
can issue fines or revoke broadcast licenses if necessary.

14. Licensing
• In the United Kingdom and the Crown dependencies, a television
license is required to receive any publicly broadcast television
service, from any source. This includes the commercial channels,
cable and satellite transmissions. The money from the licence fee is
used to provide radio, television and Internet content for the British
Broadcasting Corporation, (2011 - £3.662 billion)
• Licence fee income:
• 50% - BBC One and BBC Two
• 15% - local TV and radio
• 12% - network radio
• 10% - digital (BBC Three, BBC Four, BBC News 24, BBC Parliament,
CBBC, CBeebies)
• 10% - transmission costs and licence fee collection
• 3% - BBC Online, Ceefax, and Interactive Content (including
bbc.co.uk and BBC Red Button)

15. Productions
• 27,000 hours of original programming are produced every year in
the UK television industry, excluding news, at a cost of £2.6 bn.
• 1 Hour Production = aprox £10K
• Ofcom has determined that 56% (£1.5bn) of production is in-house
by the channel owners, and the remainder by independent
production companies.
• Ofcom is enforcing a 25% independent production quota for the
channel operators, as stipulated in the Broadcasting Act 1990.

16. In-house Production
• ITV plc, the company which owns 11 of the 15 regional franchises,
has set its production arm ITV Productions a target of producing
75% of the ITV1 schedule, the maximum allowed by Ofcom.
• This would be a rise from 54% at present, as part of a strategy to
make ITV1 content-led chiefly in order to double production
revenues to £1.2bn by 2012.
• In contrast, the BBC has implemented a Window of Creative
Competition (WOCC), a 25% proportion over and above the 25%
Ofcom quota in which the BBC's in-house production and
independent producers can compete.
• Channel 4 commissions all programmes from independent
producers.

17. Television in The UK
• Public television broadcasting started in the United
Kingdom in 1936.
• There are over 480 channels.
• There are six main channel owners who are responsible
for most viewing.
• As of 24 October 2012, all television broadcasts in the
United Kingdom are in a digital format, following the end
of analogue transmissions in Northern Ireland. Digital
content is delivered via terrestrial, satellite and cable as
well as over IP.

18. Independent Production
• As a consequence of the launch of Channel 4 in 1982, and the 25%
independent quota from the Broadcasting Act 1990, an
independent production sector has grown in the UK. Most
successful companies;
• Talkback Thames
• Endemol UK
• Hat Trick Productions
• Tiger Aspect Productions.

19. Television Viewing in Britain
• The most popular leisure pasttime
• About 96 per cent of population have television in their homes.
• Average viewing time is over 25 hours a week
• TV productions win international awards (Idol/Talent Shows, Quiz
Shows)
• Half of the programmes are bought abroad
• Children’s TV has been very active ( Teletubbies or Blue
Peter on BBC 1)

20. The UK's five most watched channels,
• BBC 1 - since 1936, general interest programmes.
• BBC 2 - minority and specialist interests.
• ITV - broadcasting is approximately 34% informative and
66% light entertainment.
• Channel 4 - since 1982, 15% educational programmes,
encourages innovation and experiment. Rest is general
interest and light entertainment programs.
• Channel 5 – since 1997, a general entertainment channel,
with internally commissioned shows.

21. The BBC (British Broadcasting
Corporation)
• The largest broadcaster in the world by number of
employees, with about 23,000 staff.
• The BBC is authorized by the Communications Act 2003
to collect the all media license fees. (£3.662 billion)
• The BBC is a corporation, independent from direct
government intervention, with its activities being
overseen by the BBC Trust.

22. • The BBC Trust is the governing body of the BBC. It is
operationally independent of BBC management and external
bodies, and aims to act in the best interests of license fee
payers.
• The Trust currently comprises:
• Lord Patten of Barnes, Chairman
• Dr Diane Coyle OBE, Vice Chairman and former Economics Editor of The
Independent.
• Richard Ayre, former Deputy Chief Executive of BBC News.
• Anthony Fry, an investment banker.
• Alison Hastings, the Trustee for England and a former regional newspaper
editor.
• Rotha Johnston CBE, the Trustee for Northern Ireland and an independent
businesswoman.
• Elan Closs Stephens CBE, the Trustee for Wales and former chairman of
Welsh-language broadcaster S4C.
• David Liddiment, a former Director of Programmes at ITV.
• Bill Matthews, the Trustee for Scotland.
• Mehmuda Mian, a solicitor and former member of the Independent Police
Complaints Commission.
• Suzanna Taverne, former managing director of the British Museum
• Lord Williams of Baglan, former diplomat, appointed as International
Trustee

23. The Division of Programmes
• Light entertainment (variety shows, soap operas, situation comedies,
game shows)
• News/current affairs
• Documentaries
• Children’s TV
• Music
• Sport
• Films/TV movies
• Drama/plays

24. Radio in The UK
• There are around 600 licensed radio stations in the United Kingdom.
• Three main categories:
1- BBC Radio: 10 National + 40 Local Radio Services
2- Commercial Radio: Need license from Ofcom. Most local commercial
stations in the United Kingdom broadcast to a city or group of towns within a
radius of 20-50 miles, with a second tier of regional stations covering
larger areas
3- Community Radio: Community radio stations broadcast to a small area,
normally within a 3 mile (5 km) radius, and are mostly not-for-profit
organisations, owned by local people, on which the broadcasters are
volunteers. They are recognised under the Communications Act 2003 as a
distinct third tier of radio in the United Kingdom.

25. The most popular British radio stations
• Clare FM
• Anna Livia
• Live 95
• Welsh Radio International
• Imperial College radio
• Capital FM
• BBC Radio 1 and 2

26. The division of newspapers
B r it is h n e w s p a p e rs
D a il y M o r n in g E v e n in g S unday T a b lo id s
" T h e S u n d a y T im e s " " D a ily M ir r o r "
R e g io n a l N a t io n a l

27. The circulation of national newspapers

28. Top 10 UK Daily
Newspapers
• 1 The Sun (2,751,219)
• 2 Daily Mail (2,011,283)
• 3 Daily Mirror (1,122,563)
• 4 Daily Star (624,029)
• 5 Daily Telegraph (596,180)
• 6 Daily Express (586,707)
• 7 The Times (405,113)
• 8 Financial Times (319,757)
• 9 Daily Record (276,003)
• 10 I Newspaper (243,321)

29. Top 5 UK Sunday
Newspapers
• 1 Daily Mail (1,921,010)
• 2 Sunday Mirror (1,753,202)
• 3 Sunday Times (967,975)
• 4 Sunday People (770,772)
• 5 Daily Star (644,804)

30. Magazines in Britain
• 7,000+ different periodicals
• Classified as:
• consumer general interest
• special interest
• business to business

31. Weekly Magazines
1. What's On TV (3.4m)
2. Radio Times (2.6m)
3. TV Choice (1.7m)
4. TV Times (1.6m)
5. Auto Trader (1.2m)
6. TV Quick (1.0m)
7. Nuts (0.9m)
8. Zoo (0.7m)
9. The Big Issue (0.6m)
10. TV Easy (0.5m)

32. Monthly Magazines
1. Sky Magazine (7.5m)
2. Sky Sports (3.0m)
3. Sky Movies (2.3m)
4. National Geographic (2.0m)
5. BBC Top Gear (1.9m)
6. Saga magazine (1.7m)
7. Reader's Digest (1.6m)
8. FHM (1.6m)
9. BBC Gardeners' World (1.4m)
10. Men's Health (1.1m)

33. The most popular periodicals
• The Radio Times
• Woman`s Own
• Smash Hits
• Q
• Big