Given by Prof Kamaruzzaman Sopian The second in our series of workshops designed to gather input from stakeholders involved in existing off-grid projects in Africa, Asia and Latin America. This event is workshop scheduled to be held in Malaysia for the ASEAN countries will be organised by the Academy of Sciences Malaysia (ASM) in collaboration with Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS).

1. SOCIO-ECONOMY IMPACT OF ACCESS TO
ENERGY IN REMOTE COMMUNITY
Prof Kamaruzzaman Sopian
Director
Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (National University of Malaysia)
Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Socio Economics Impacts of
Access to Energy for Remote
Community – Innovative
Renewable Energy Technology
• Net Neutral Renewable Energy
Community
• Conclusions

3. Problems in Rural Communities
ABUNDONED VILLAGESURBAN MIGRATION NO RURAL INCOME
GENERATION
NO EDUCATION

4. Solutions – Access to Energy
REGENERATIVE
VILLAGES
SUSTAINABLE TOWNSHIP RURAL INCOME
GENERATION
EDUCATION

5. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Socio Economics Impacts of
Access to Energy for Remote
Community – Innovative
Renewable Energy Technolog
• Net Neutral Renewable Energy
Community
• Conclusions

6. Large hydro > 10 MW
Small hydro < 10 MW
Mini hydro < 1 MW
Micro hydro < 100 kW
Pico hydro < 5kW
A mini hydro scheme (1 MW) - a town of 10,000
A micro hydro scheme (100 kW) - a village of 2,000

7. 7
A pico hydro scheme of 2 kW can supply up
to 100 houses with enough power for light +
radio

8. 8
Pico Hydro System
Kampung Tuel Kelantan

10. Power:
•How much power
do you need?
•What is your head
and flow rate?
PICO TURBINE SELECTION
Turbine Dimension:
•Your turbine dimension
within the flow-rate and
head range?
Turbine Speed:
•What is your required speed
to turn the generator?
•Your turbine speed is within
specific speed range?

15. 15
Potential of Solar Drying
Commodity Present drying system Energy Source Drying Time
Paddy
Open drying
Fixed bad dryer
Moisture extraction unit
Sun
Diesel
Diesel/elect.
5-6 hrs
4-5 hrs
2-3 hrs
Cocoa
Sundry on cement/try
Kerosene drying
Burner blower
Rotary drying
Sun
Kerosene
Kerosene/diesel
Diesel
6 days
35-40 hrs
36 hrs
45-48 hrs
Coffee Sundry Sun 14 days
Pepper Sundry Sun
7 days (black)
3 days (white)
Commodity Present drying system Energy Source Drying Time
Tobacco Conventional curing
Modern curing
Rubber wood
LNG
100 hrs
100 hrs
Tea Drying chamber Diesel 25 min at 95oC
Banana Sundry Sun and wood for
smoking
1 day
Anchovies Sundry
Fixed bed dryer
Sun
Diesel
7 days
5-7 hrs
Rubber Sundry Sun and wood for
smoking
1 day
Seaweeds Sundry Sun 12 – 14 days

16. 16
PRESENT METHOD OF DRYING
PROBLEMS:
High Diesel Cost
Pollution
Low Quality Product
Cocoa Banana Palm Oil Fronds
Tobacco Anchovies

17. PHOTOVOLTAIC THERMAL COLLECTOR – Simultaneous production of
heat and electricity
Liquid PVT collectors – A conventional
flat plat heat collector with integrated
PV on the absorber
Air PVT collectors – These can be
façade or roof integrated PV cells with
ventilation air passed behind or in
front of the PV cells

18. Thermal Efficiency = 50 %
Photovoltaic Efficiency = 5 %
Combined Photovoltaic Thermal Efficiency = 55 %
 Area of Collector = Area of thermal collector (At) +Area of photovoltaic panel (Apv)
 Efficiency = thermal efficiency (t) + photovoltaic efficiency (pv)
 Area of Collector = Area of thermal collector (At) +Area of photovoltaic panel (Apv)
 Efficiency = ( thermal efficiency (t) + photovoltaic efficiency (pv))2
Thermal Efficiency = 60 %
Photovoltaic Efficiency = 10 %
Combined Photovoltaic Thermal Efficiency = 35 %

19. DRYING
CHAMBER
DRYING
CHAMBER
SOLAR COLLECTOR

20. FORCED CONVECTION SOLAR DRYER
(PAY BACK PERIOD = 2 Years)

21. FREE CONVECTION SOLAR DRYER
(PAY BACK PERIOD = 5 Years)

22. OLD PROCESS

23. NEW PROCESS

25. OLD PROCESS
NEW PROCESS
FUNGUS

27. 27

28. 28

29. MANGO
망고
GUAVA
CHILI
BANANA
MANGO
ROSSELLE

31. 31

32. 32
OLD PROCESS

33. NEW PROCESS

41. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Socio Economics Impacts of
Access to Energy for Remote
Community – Innovative
Renewable Energy Technolog
• Net Neutral Renewable Energy
Community
• Conclusions

42. Integrated Net Neutral Community
Formulation
Renewable
Energy Sources &
Technologies -
Low Speed Wind
Energy
Conversion
System, Solar PV
and Solar Themal
under Diffused
Sky Condition
Community Net
Neutral Energy
Behaviours
(goals, policies,
information, education
and incentives)
Goals For Green Energy Use
Reduce Recycle and Reuse
Information
Education
Behaviorial Transformation
Net Neutral Energy
Community
Green Space Or Outside
Community Boundary
Increasing Income
Generation Activities
An eco
Framework
formulation to
achieve net
neutral
community – All
possible cost
effective energy
efficiency and
demand
avoidance
strategies first
and then use
renewable
energy
Micropower
Renewable Energy
Optimization and
System Integration

43. Overall Objective: Rural Transformation to a
Net Neutral Community Is the Key Solution
COMMUNITY
ENGAGEMENT &
EDUCATION
RENEWABLE
MICROPOWER
OPTIMIZATION WITH
SOLAR AND LOW
SPEED WIND
REGENERATIVE FUEL
CELL
NET NEUTRAL ENERGY
COMMUNITY
SOLAR THERMAL

44. Pulau Banding
Funding from TRGS Ministry of Education
Solar Drying System for Fish and Fruits, Low Speed Wind, Pico
Hydro System.

45. Distinct
difference
between
Rural
Communities
and
Aboriginal
(orang asli)
Communities

48. Net Neutral Renewable Energy Community
for Socio Economic Enhancement
COMMUNITY
ENGAGEMENT &
INOMCE GENERATION
EDUCATION
NET NEUTRAL ENERGY
COMMUNITY
SOLAR THERMAL
RENEWABLE
MICROPOWER
OPTIMIZATION WITH
SOLAR AND LOW
SPEED WIND
PICO HYDRO

49. Rural Solar Community and Charging Center
Rural
Sabah Sarawak
Solar
Charging Center
RS2C2©

50. Rural Solar Community and Charging Center
1. Provide Basic Needs (Electricity)
to Rural Area in
2. Provide clean water for
drinking/cooking
3. Provide telecommunication for
everyday use and emergencies
4. Provide a common place/hall for
the people to receive
education/medical treatments
5. Entertainment area for the
Villagers
6. Provide a platform for MPs and
ADUNs to be with rakyats.

51. Utilization of Solar Centre as platform for MP&ADUN to communicate
with rural citizen

52. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Socio Economics Impacts of
Access to Energy for Remote
Community – Innovative
Renewable Energy TechnologNet
Neutral Renewable Energy
Community
• Conclusions

53. Social Impacts on Access to Energy: Energy
Neutrality, Sustainability & Regeneration of
Villages
A community is energy neutral if,
on an annual basis, a net energy
import is not necessary from
outside the community, in order to
offset the energy consumption
within the community.
Enhance Socio-Economic Impact
through sustainable income
generation community, and
regeneration of villages.
NET NEUTRAL
COMMUNITY
Three-Legged Stool Strategy

54. 54
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
TECHNOLOGY
Sustainable Path for a
Carbon Free Future
TERIMA KASIH