2. ๏ It is conducted on a one to one basis i.e. the
therapist treat on client at a time
๏ By this therapist helps the patient to come to a
greater understanding of himself & to find a way of
dealing with his problem.
๏ Indication: stress-related disorder, alcohol & drug
dependence, sexual disorder & marital
disharmony.
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4. 1. Psychoanalysis
๏ Psychoanalytical therapy was developed by
Freud.
๏ It focus on unconscious forces such as
repressed impulses & memories, internal
conflicts & childhood trauma on mental life &
adjustment of the individual.
๏ The most important indication for
psychoanalytical therapy is the presence of
longstanding mental conflicts, which may be
unconscious but produce symptoms.
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๏ The aim of therapy is to bring all repressed
material to unconscious awareness so that
the patient can work towards a healthy
resolution of his problems, which are causing
the symptoms.
๏ Psychotherapy as a form of therapy is used
primarily in psychoneuroses by bringing
about basic modification in the personality.
This is done by establishing a constructive
therapeutic relationship.
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๏The specific methods used to achieve
the effect of therapy are; free
association, dream interpretation
analysis of resistances & defenses used
by the patient, working through the
feelings & experiences revealed by the
patient during transferring.
๏Every interaction lasts for 45 minutes. 4-
5 days a week for approximately 3-5
years.
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7. 2. Hypnosis
โข Hypnosis is a superficial or deep trance (a
somnolent state/sleep like) resembling sleep.
โข It induced in a patient by suggestions of relaxation
& concentrating attention on a single object.
โข The client becomes highly suggestible, submissive &
abandons control & response to therapist influence.
โข He can be induced to recall forgotten events,
becomes insensitive to pain, gain relief from
tension, anxiety & other psychological symptoms.
โข It affects behavioral change & control of attitude
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Changes that occur during hypnosis:
๏The person becomes highly suggestible
to the commands of the therapist.
๏There is an ability to produce or remove
symptoms or perceptions.
๏Dissociation of a part of the body or
emotions.
๏Amnesia for the events that occurred
during the hypnotic state.
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๏This therapy is used in; obesity,
hypertension, asthma, smoking, peptic
ulcer, overeating, abreaction of past
experiences, psychosomatic disorders,
conversion & dissociative disorders,
habit disorder & anxiety disorder or
other addiction disorder.
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10. 3. Abreaction Therapy
๏ Abreaction is a process by which repressed
material, particularly a painful experience or
conflict is brought back to consciousness.
๏ The person not only recalls but also relieves
the material, which is accompanied by the
appropriate emotional response.
๏ It is most useful in acute neurotic conditions
caused by extreme stress (PTSD, hysteria
etc).
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11. CountโฆMethods:
๏ Abreaction can be brought about by strong
encouragement to relieve the stressful
events.
๏ The procedure is begun with neutral topics
at first, & gradually approaches area of
conflict.
๏ Abreaction can be done with or without the
use of medication.
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12. 4. Reality Therapy
๏This is a psychotherapeutic
technique which focuses on the
present behavior & development of
patientโs ability to cope with the
stress of reality & take a greater
responsibility for the fulfillment of
his needs.
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๏ To achieve these purposes the therapist
becomes involved in an active relationship
with patient, rejects his unrealistic behavior
& teaches better ways to meet his need in the
real world
๏ The patient need to be stressed on that the
past cannot be changed, so he must take
responsibility of right or wrong actions of
present.
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14. 5. Uncovering or Insight
Psychotherapy
๏This technique is used to break
through the patientโs repressed conflict
& traumatic experience to the surface.
๏It helps the patient in gaining an
insight.
๏The patient explores different methods
to cope with problem, once he gain an
insight into his conflict or problem.
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15. 6. Supportive Psychotherapy
๏ It is a form of โsurface therapyโ.
๏ The therapist helps the patient to relieve
emotional distress & symptoms without
probing in to past or attempting to change
or alter the basic personality of the
individual.
๏ The therapist reinforce the existing defenses
used by the client & utilizes various
techniques such as:
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a. Ventilation
b. Environmental Modification or Manipulation
c. Persuasion
d. Reeducation
e. Reassurance
f. Abreaction
g. Explanation
h. Suggestion
i. Reinforcement
j. Recreation
k. Work as therapy
l. Relaxation
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