This document discusses the use of semantic annotations and linked data in digital humanities projects. It begins by outlining some common "scholarly primitives" or methods used by humanities researchers, such as annotating, comparing, and representing. It then provides examples of digital humanities projects that employ techniques like semantic annotations, named entity identification, and linking open data to transform traditional scholarly workflows. Specifically, it describes projects involving networks of historical figures, semantic annotation of philosophical texts, and modeling relationships in a linked data framework. The document concludes by discussing how linked open data can treat the web as a global database and provides statistics on the growth of linked open datasets.

1. Digital Humanities in a Linked Data world: Semantic Annotations
Dov Winer
NLI / EAJC (DM2E/Judaica Europeana)
http://www.slideshare.net/dovw/dh-usp-2013

2. Outline
 Digital Humanities:Scholarly Primitives
 Exemplos
 Transformação do ciclo de trabalho
escolástico
 Projetos de ponta e o universo da
Europeana
 Dados linkados: o Web como banco
de dados global

5. Digital Humanities

6. Scholarly Primitives
Scholarly Primitives: what methods do
humanities researchers have in common, and
how might our tools reflect this?
John Unsworth
Humanities Computing: formal methods, experimental
practice
King’s College, London, May 13, 2000
Discovering
Annotating
Comparing
Referring
Sampling
Illustrating
Representing

7. Unsworth primitive
Bamboo theme of scholarly OCLC Scholarly Information Activity
practice
Discovery
Gathering / Foraging
Sampling
Synthesizing / Filtering Comparing
Referring
Contextualizing
Illustrating
Representing
Comparing
Conceptualizing,
Refining and Critiquing
Representing
Documenting methods
Discovering Referring
Representing
Managing data
Annotating
Annotating /
documenting
Modelling / visualizing
Illustrating
Representing
Representing
Suggested parenthetically
Common thread
Overlapping teaching and
research
Sharing / dissemination
/ publishing
Funding
Collaborating
Referring
Citation, credit, peer-review
Representing
Searching (direct searching, chaining, browsing, probing,
accessing)
Collecting (gathering, organizing)
Searching (chaining, browsing, probing)
Collecting (organizing)
Cross-cutting (monitoring)
Reading (scanning, assessing, rereading)
Cross-cutting (note taking, translating)
Writing (assembling)
Collaborating (consulting)
Writing (disseminating)
Cross-cutting (translating)
Searching (accessing)
Collecting (organizing)
Collaborating (coordinating, consulting)
Writing (assembling)
Cross-cutting (note taking)
Cross-cutting (translating)
Writing (assembling)
Collaborating (coordinating)
Cross-cutting (translating)
Writing (disseminating)
No analogue
Writing (co-authoring)
Collaborating (coordinating, networking, consulting)
Reading (assessing)
Writing (dissemination)
Collaborating (consulting)
OCLC: Scholarly Information Practices in the Online Environment
http://www.oclc.org/content/dam/research/publications/library/2009/2009-02.pdf?urlm=162919
Project Bamboo Scholarly Practice Report
https://wikihub.berkeley.edu/display/pbamboo/Project+Bamboo+Scholarly+Practice+Report

9. Scholarly Primitives
Scholarly primitives: Building institutional
infrastructure for humanities e-Science
Tobias Blanke, Mark Hedges
King’s College London, Centre for e-Research
Future Generation Computer Systems 29 (2013) 654-661
Scholarly Information Practices in the Online
Environment
Carole L. Palmer, Lauren C. Teffeau, Carrie M. Pirmannn
2009 OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc.
OCLC Online Computer Library Center 2009
http://www.oclc.org/content/dam/research/publications/library/2009/2009-02.pdf?urlm=162919

10. Examples

11. Republic of Letters network visualisation / Oxford
and Stanford

12. Republic of Letters networks

15. American Civil War Freebase Documentation

16. Freebase: an open linked data database service
http://www.freebase.com

18. Ontology based annotation for Philosophy texts
Michele Pasin – Enrico Motta
Ontological requirements for annotation and
navigation of philosophical resources
Synthese (2011) 182:235-267

19. A formal model for describing Philosophical ideas
CIDOC-CRM event centered
A formal model for
describing philosophical
ideas:
Argument-entity.
Problem-area.
Problem.
Method.
View: Thesis, Theory,
Philosophical-system,
School of thought.
Rhetorical figure.
Concept.
Distinction .

20. http://www.visualdataweb.org/relfinder.php

21. http://relfinder.dbpedia.org/relfinder.html

22. Shai Ophir (2010). A New Type of Historical Knowledge. Information
Society,, 26: 144-150, 2010,

23. Transformação do ciclo de
trabalho escolástico

24. Ciclo de trabalho escolástico
From S.Gradmann and J.C. Meister, Digital document and interpretation: re-thinking “text” and scholarship in electronic
settings . Poiesis & Praxis, V5 N2 (2008)

25. Ciclo de trabalho escolástico
From S.Gradmann and J.C. Meister, Digital document and interpretation: re-thinking “text” and scholarship in electronic
settings . Poiesis & Praxis, V5 N2 (2008)

26. Ciclo de trabalho escolástico
From S.Gradmann and J.C. Meister, Digital document and interpretation: re-thinking “text” and scholarship in electronic
settings . Poiesis & Praxis, V5 N2 (2008)

27. Processing source data in the Humanities: aggregation
From Gradmann (2008)
http://www.slideshare.net/gradmans/europeana-semantica

28. … modeling …
From Gradmann (2008)
http://www.slideshare.net/gradmans/europeana-semantica

29. … and digital heuristics?
From Gradmann (2008)
http://www.slideshare.net/gradmans/europeana-semantica

31. Projetos de Ponta

36. Scholarly services
Document Mapping;
Concordance;
Collocation/Cloud; Frequency;
Morphological Analysis;
Syntactic Analysis; Named
Entity Identification; Proxied
SEASR Analytics

37. Europeana Projects
37
10/25/2013

38. Prof. Stefan Gradmann
Prof. Christian Bizer

40. LOD
Dados linkados – o Web como
banco de dados global

42. Dados Linkados Datasets on the Web
Over 31.7 billion
RDF triples
(10/2011)
Over 40 billion
on
February 2012
http://www.linkeddata.org
http://esw.w3.org/DataSetRDFDump
http://esw.w3.org/TaskForces/CommunityProje
cts/LinkingOpenData/DataSets/Statistics
VI Encontro do CEDAP
Preservação do
Patrimônio e
Linking Open Data
cloud diagram, by
17.10.2012
42
Richard Cyganiak
and Anja Jentzsch.
http://lod-cloud.net/

43. Linked Data:
structured
data on the Web
David Woood
Marsha Zeidman
Luke Ruth
with
Michael Hausenblas
Manning Publications
MEAP 2013

45. The next following slides were taken from :
Linked Data and the Semantic Web in an Archival Context
Mark A. Matienzo (2012)
http://matienzo.org
http://www.slideshare.net/anarchivist/linked-data-and-thesemantic-web-in-the-archival-context
Usage of Linked Data Introduction and Application
Scenarios
Barry Norton (2013)
EUCLID
Education Curriculum for the usage of Linked Data
http://euclid-project.eu/

64. The essence of RDF: the “triple”
subject
property
value
Source: “The thirty minute guide to RDF and Linked Data”, by Ian Davis and Tom Heath
VI Encontro do CEDAP
Preservação do
Patrimônio e

65. Ross Singer
The Linked Library Data Cloud
LOD4LIB 2010

67. Source: “The thirty minute guide to RDF and Linked Data”, by Ian Davis and Tom Heath

68. Direct Mapping
RDB
Direct
Mapping
automatic
RDF
RDB2RDF
68

69. Direct Mapping on Table
Person
ID (pk)
NAME
AGE
1
Alice
25
2
Bob
NULL
RDB2RDF
69

70. Direct Mapping on Table
Person
ID (pk)
NAME
AGE
1
Alice
25
2
Bob
NULL
RDB2RDF
70

71. Direct Mapping on Table
Person
ID (pk)
NAME
AGE
1
Alice
25
2
Bob
NULL
<http://www.ex.com/Person/ID=1>
<http://www.ex.com/Person#NAME>
"Alice" .
RDB2RDF
71

72. Extract – Transform – Load (ETL)
RDB
SPARQL
Dump
RDF
RDB2RDF
72

73. Music Ontology
• MusicArtist
– ArtistEvent, member_of
• SignalGroup
‘Album’ as per Release_Group
• Release
– ReleaseEvent
•
•
•
•
Record
Track
Work
Composition
http://musicontology.com/
RDB2RDF
73

74. Scale
• MusicBrainz RDF derived via R2RML:
300M
Triples
lb:artist_member a rr:TriplesMap ;
rr:logicalTable [rr:sqlQuery
"""SELECT a1.gid, a2.gid AS band
FROM artist a1
INNER JOIN l_artist_artist ON a1.id =
l_artist_artist.entity0
INNER JOIN link ON l_artist_artist.link = link.id
INNER JOIN link_type ON link_type = link_type.id
INNER JOIN artist a2 on l_artist_artist.entity1 = a2.id
WHERE link_type.gid='5be4c609-9afa-4ea0-910b-12ffb71e3821'"""]
;
rr:subjectMap [rr:template "http://musicbrainz.org/artist/{gid}#_"]
;
rr:predicateObjectMap
[rr:predicate mo:member_of ;
74
rr:objectMap [rr:template
"http://musicbrainz.org/artist/{band}#_" ;
rr:termType rr:IRI]] .

75. 75
RDB2RDF

76. 76
RDB2RDF

77. 77
RDB2RDF

78. 78
RDB2RDF

79. 79
RDB2RDF

80. Thank you for your attention!
Dov Winer
dov.winer @ gmail.com
http://www.makash.org.il/docs/dh_usp_2013.pdf
http://www.slideshare.net/dovw/dh-usp-2013