Ancient Egyptian society with information on hieroglyphics, pyramids, pharaohs and the history of Ancient Egyptian civilization through the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms.

4. The Egyptians and the Nile
• The Nile River is the
longest river in the world
• It provided water and
fertile soil to the Egyptians
• It flows from south to
north, making northern
Egypt, Lower Egypt
• The river’s flooding were
predictable so the
Egyptians did not fear their
gods like the
Mesopotamians did

6. How did the Egyptian religion come to
be?
• At first, only one god, Atun, rose up as a hill out of
the waters and created the other gods
• Osiris, Isis, Seth, Nephthys were then the
grandchildren of the gods and Osiris was the god of
Earth and Isis his sister Queen
• Seth was jealous so he killed Osiris, and then Osiris
went down to the underworld
• Isis and Nephythys gathered up Osiris and brought
him back to life. Isis and Osiris then had a son Horus
who battled Seth and won
• Then Horus was the king of earth and Osiris was the
king of the underworld

7. The Belief in the Afterlife
• The Egyptians believed that after death, your soul
continued into another life
• Anubis would weigh your heart with the feather of justice
• If your heart was heavier then it was full of sins and
would be eaten
• If it was lighter then eternal life was granted

8. Mummification
• Egyptians wanted to preserve the body for the
afterlife
• They mummified the bodies so it would be
preserved for the next lifetime
• It encouraged new discoveries in anatomy and
science made by the Egyptians

9. • Canopic jars were used to hold the organs
that were needed to continue in the afterlife
• The brain was removed because it was
believed to be useless

10. Temples
• Egyptian leaders called pharaohs were buried in
massive tombs called pyramids to glorify themselves
• Often times, their family members were killed and
buried with them
• They were buried with all their riches to have in the
afterlife

11. Egyptian Social Class

12. Hieroglyphics
• The Egyptian writing
system
• Originally began as
pictograms but later
included ideograms
and phonograms
• Written on a paper-like
material called papyrus

13. How was power organized in Egypt?
• Egyptian pharaoh power
was passed through
dynasties, or ruling families
• Viziers were chosen by the
pharaoh and were ministers
and advisors to the pharaoh.
They handled collecting
taxes, public works, etc.

14. Old Kingdom
(3100-2200 BCE)
• Began when King
Menes unified Lower
Egypt and Upper
Egypt.
• The Giza Pyramids
were built during this
time period

15. The Middle Kingdom (2100-1700 BCE)
• The Prince of Thebes united the
Middle Kingdom after a period
of civil wars
• The Middle Kingdom was
remarkable for its literature,
arts, and ideas
• Reclaimed land lost in Lower
Egypt
• Occupied Nubia
• Trade expanded to
Mesopotamia, and Crete
• Power was lost when the
Hyksos invaded in 1700 BCE

16. New Kingdom
• Began in 1580 BCE
when the Egyptians
rebelled against the
Hyksos
• Extended its rule
through Syria and
Palestine
• Ramses II tried to
maintain Egyptian
power but by the 10th
century BCE, Egypt was
fell to foreign power