1. The Pacific
Rime A s i a n
J a p a n a nd th
T ig e r s :
South Korea, Taiwan,
Singapore, and Hong Kong

2. Japan
History after WWII
•Occupation was led by General Douglas
MacArthur
•Japan’s armed forces were disbanded
•The American occupiers had the goal to end
militarism and ensure a democratic government.
Gave women the right to vote, increased civil
liberties, encouraged labor unions.
•A new Japanese Constitution was drafted by the
American occupiers creating a Constitutional
Monarchy that limited the power of the Emperor
and abolished Shintoism as the state religion.
•The Japanese accepted this new constitution
and signed a treaty that took away Japan’s
overseas empire
•In 1952, the Allied occupation officially ended General MacArthur and
Emperor Hirohito

3. Japan
Economy
•Japan Incorporated
•Cooperation between state and private
industry – led to expansion of exports
•Concentrated on economic growth – led by
government economic planning and
production guidelines
•Became World economic power – focuses
on advanced technologies – automobiles
and electronics
•Focus on labor and management
cooperation – wages remained low, living
standards improved
•Stressed importance of group cohesion –
emphasized group decision making and
Gung Ho Film Clip stressed loyalty

4. Japan
Political System
•Blended modern democratic
forms with traditional elitist ties Taro Aso - 92nd
Prime Minister
•Government was dominated by of Japan
one Party – Liberal Democratic
Party – provided stability in
Japan from 1955-1993.
•Developed into a ruling
oligarchy – stressed Patriotism,
loyalty, development and Yoshihiko Noda –
protection of Japanese industry, 95th Prime Minister
pollution and population control as of 2012 –
Democratic Party
•After 1993, corruption caused a
split of the Liberal Democratic
Party – Rise of Democratic Party
of Japan Prime Minister Visits WWII
Shinto Shrine
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Japan

5. Japan
Society
•Government stress of
population control – birth control
and abortion legalized in the
1950s
•Education expanded – merit
based university enrollments Hideki Matsui,
“People
•Traditional cultural returns – Pushers” and
the Bullet Train
Poetry, painting, tea ceremonies,
chopsticks
•Western culture adopted –
Baseball, dress, music, games
shows, soap operas
Japanese Game
•Male authority remained Show
dominant – women’s role as
mother stressed - small feminist
movement

6. South Korea
History after WWII
•Korea was split after WWII –
•North Korea was Communist
ruled by dictator Kim Il Sung
•South Korea was Capitalist ruled
by autocratic President Syngman
Rhee
•Korean War was fought (1950-1953) –
ended in fragile truce along the 38th
parallel
General
MacArthur
at Invasion
of Inchon

7. South Korea
Economy
•Government attempt to recover from
years of foreign occupation and civil war
– instituted five-year plans on exports
and infrastructure, land reforms
•Achieved major economic growth –
corporations like Samsung, Daewoo and
Hyundai became massive conglomerates
who have political and social influence
•Development of consumer goods, steel,
automobiles, textiles
•Per capita income increased – created
“Economic Miracle”
•Economic problems exist today –
corruption, trade deficit, unemployment,
and bankruptcy
Hyundai plant in India and Seoul Korea.

8. North Korea
and
South Korea
Satellite Image
taken at night
•What does this satellite
image tell us about
each society?
•What is the cause of
this drastic difference?

9. South Korea
Political System General Chung
Hee park and
•Syngman Rhee ruled harshly Guard at DMZ
until 1960 – corruption, unfair
elections, police brutality
•Military coup led by General
Chung Hee Park in 1961 – new
constitution, slow democratic
reforms
•Limited freedoms – autocratic
rule and suppression of all
dissidents
•Park was assassinated in 1979 –
National elections took place in
1989, limited power of big
business and began President Lee Myung-bak
communication with North Korea and Labor Union Protests
about reunification

10. South Korea
Society
•Population increased to 48 million –
highest density (1000 people per square
mile)
•Government encourages limited birth
rates for families
Buddhist temple
•Confucian principles of thrift, and statue and
education, and hard work is basic South Korean
attitude of workers baseball player
•Buddhist beliefs and respect for nature
•Heavy influence of large companies
(Chaebol) – built housing, schools,
arenas for Tae Kwon Do
•Western influence – Baseball, fast food,
dress, music, karaoke

11. Taiwan
History after WWII
•Nationalist Party, or Kuomintang, fled
from Communist Revolutionaries and
went to Taiwan in 1949
•Led by Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-Shek)
•United States has vowed to protect
Taiwan from Communist China –
Security Treaty of 1954
General MacArthur and Jiang Jieshi

12. Taiwan
Economy
•Achieved economic prosperity –
Agricultural and Industrial
production increased – standard of
living increased
•Government installed land reform
program and economic planning –
infrastructure and targeting
strategic industries
•Government stressed private
business and foreign investment
•Stress on education, literacy,
technical training
•Opened trade network with U.S.,
Japan, S.E. Asia and China
Capital city of Taipei

13. Taiwan
Political System
•Authoritarian rule – emergency decree by
threat of communists. Lack of political
diversity and political parties
•1978 U.S. recognized People’s Republic of
China and severed diplomatic ties with
Taiwan
•1978 Jiang Jieshi died and son, Chiang
Ching-kuo eased authoritarian rule
•Today, there is a more representative form
Under pressure from China, Taiwan
of government with elections and multiple participates in the Olympics under
parties the name of Chinese Taipei, and its
national flag and anthem cannot be
•Discussion of declaring Taiwanese used when its athletes win medals.
independence from China has created
tension and threats
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/23/world/
•China wants “one country, two systems”

14. Taiwan
Society
•Population growth – government family
planning programs to reduce rate of
growth (7 million to 20 million from
1945-1980s)
•Traditional beliefs – Confucian ideals,
hard work, frugality, filial piety, medical
practices, religious rituals
•Government attempt to “Sinicize”
population – Mandarin language – Today
there is a push for English
•Recent Taiwanese nationalism has
developed – Taiwanese language
•Western influence – medicine,
hospitals, music, baseball, golf, forms of
entertainment, convenience stores
Two 7-11 convenient stores face off in
Taiwan

15. Singapore
History after WWII
• Was originally part of the British
colony of Malaya. Gained
Independence from Great Britain in
1959 – British naval base until
1971.
•Led by Prime Minister Lee Kuan
Yew until 1990
Lee Kuan Yew and Singapore people
welcome British after WWII

16. Singapore
Economy Port of Singapore
•Extraordinarily successful economic
development
•Government led initiatives combined
with private enterprises in
manufacturing, banking, shipping,
electronics, textiles, shipbuilding and oil
refining
•2nd highest per capita in Asia and
busiest port in the world - tourism
arrivals are up, average household
incomes are rising, and the job market
looks white hot.

17. Singapore
Political System
•Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew led as an
authoritarian ruler
•Government had tight controls over its
people – proclaimed strict discipline and
restraint was needed because such a large
population crowded a limited space
•Resulted in very low crime rates and limited
government opposition due to harsh
penalties.
•New leader, Goh Chok Tong had promised a
kinder and gentler Singapore.
• Current PM is Lee Hsien Loong (Lee Kuan’s
son).
In 1994 American 18 year old Michael
Fay was convicted on vandalism in
Singapore and sentenced to 83 days in
prison and 4 lashes with the cane!

18. Singapore
Society •Population growth – Singapore is the one
of the most densely populated countries in
the world
•Government introduced birth control
policies in the late 1960s to reduce
population. In the late 1990s, the
government introduced a "baby bonus"
scheme that encouraged couples to have
more children.
•Government run “Ministry of Education”
sets curriculum standards
•Government owns and controls all radio
and television stations
•Mix of traditional and western cultures –
Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism with
Christianity, Architecture, sports

19. Hong Kong
History after WWII
•Remained a British Colony until
1997 when it was returned to
communist China
British Leave Hong Kong

20. Hong Kong
Economy
•Highly capitalist economy built on a
policy of free markets, low taxation and
government non-intervention
•Developed into major world trading port
and international banking center
•High export levels- textiles, toys, and
electronics
•Recently has develop more service
industries as manufacturing has moved
to mainland China
• Government has allocated funds for
transportation, education, public
housing and sanitation

21. Hong Kong
Political System
•Ruled as a British Colony from
1842-1997
•Hong Kong was handed over to
Communist China. Under the policy of
"one country, two systems", the
communists are responsible for the
territory's defense and foreign affairs,
while Hong Kong is responsible for its
own legal system, police force, monetary
system, customs policy, immigration
policy, and delegates to international
organizations and events. Protesters in Hong Kong fear
spread of communism
•Democracy – right to vote, legislative
branch, judicial system, multi-party
state, civil service

22. Hong Kong
Society •Mix of British and Chinese cultures
•Education follows western models –
public schools run by Department of
Education
•Diverse culture – Buddhist, Christian,
Muslim, Daoist
•Movie making industry – Bruce Lee,
Jackie Chan
The Tian Tan Buddha, tallest
outdoor Buddha statue

23. Similarities
• Emphasize group loyalty over individualism
• Stress hard work
• Confucian morality
• Government planning
• Limits of dissent
• Influenced others: Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia – “Little Tigers”