Mid-term World Politics

1. NORTH KOREA
Subject: Politics
Lecturer: Gary Giss

2. Group’s members
• Đặng Kim Hiếu - 1258020
• Trần Quang Khôi - 1258027
• Đào Ngọc Lan Đài - 1258007
• Nguyễn Trọng Tấn- 1258068
• Nguyễn Thị Trà My- 1258034

3. Outline
• Introduction
• Politics
• Economy
• Society
• Conclusion

4. INTRODUCTION

5. NORTH KOREA

6. • Relative Location: Eastern Asia on the coast of
the Sea of Japan, it is located on a peninsula.
• Absolute Location: 39.2 N 125.45 E
Location

7. North Korea Physical Features/map

8. Background
• Japan invaded North Korea in 1905
• Korea split into North & South Korea in 1945
• On June 25th 1950, North Korea sent 75,000
soldiers across the 38th Parallel attacking the
South.

9. Timeline
1944 1948 1960's19531950
Japanese
occupation
of Korea
ends
Soviet
troops
withdraw
South
declares
independence
, sparking
North Korean
invasion
Armistice
ends
Korean
War,
Rapid
industrial
growth.

10. 1980 1991 200320011994
Kim Jong-il,
moved up
party and
political
ladder.
North and
South Korea
join the
United
Nations
Death of Kim
Il-sung. Kim
Jong-il
succeeds him
as leader
North Korea
agrees to
freeze
nuclear
program
Worst
drought in
history
North Korea
withdraws
from the
Nuclear Non-
Proliferation
Treaty (NPT)

11. North Korean Leaders
• North Korea is a
communist state led by a
Dictator. That Dictator is
now Kim Jong-un

12. Human Environment Interaction
• North Korea's agricultural
economy is 35% while its
industry and services are 65%
of its economy

13. Floods and Food shortages

14. Religion
• Buddhist, Hindu or a Confucius

15. Movement
• The government has total control and
they decide where people are, and
how everything works and flows.

16. The government provide the illusion of religion.

17. • Closed economy

18. Continuity Through Change Of North
Korea
• In 1994 : The ‘Arduous March’
• Kim Jong il died in December 2011
• Economy was in meltdown
• Kim Jong Un has become the head of a new collective leadership that
appears firmly in control

19. Biography Kim Jong-il
• Kim Jong-il was the powerful leader of
North Korea from 1994 to 2011
• By that time North Korea had become
one of the most isolated countries in
the world, with frequent famines and
an economy in a shambles
• Kim's attempts to acquire nuclear
weapons for North Korea
• He reportedly suffered a stroke in
2008, and died three years later

20. POLITICS

21. NORTH KOREA POLITICAL

22. Political parties
• Democratic Republic
• Single party : Workers' Party of
Korea.

24. Political ideology
• Juche (state ideology).
• Songun ("military-first" policy).

25. Juche (Chosŏn'gŭl: 주체; hancha: 主體;)

26. • Described by the regime as Kim Il-Sung's "original,
brilliant and revolutionary contribution to national and
international thought“ .

27. Songun (or, alternatively, Seon'gun)

28. • Songun became major ideology after Kim Il-
sung's death.
• Their army was called Korean People’s Army.

29. Military

30. • The KPA has 1,106,000 active and 8,389,000 reserve and
paramilitary troops, making it the largest military institution
in the world.
• Approximately one in every 25 citizens is an enlisted
soldier.

31. Weapon
• North Korea had been
suspected of maintaining a
clandestine nuclear
weapons development
program since the early
1980s when it constructed
a plutonium-producing
Magnox nuclear reactor at
Yongbyon.

32. • North Korea's ability to
deliver weapons of mass
destruction to a
hypothetical target is
somewhat limited by its
missile technology.
• KN-1
• KN-2
• Hwasong-5
• Hwasong-6
• Nodong-1
• Taepodong

33. ECONOMY

34. North Korea’s Economic Phases
• Industrialization
• The Soviet model (self-reliance)1960s
• Foreign loans and indulged in large-scale imports of
machinery and plant facilities
• The oil shock   the petroleum prices
1970s
• Malfunctioning in its centralized planned system in the form
of supply shortages, systemic inefficiency, and infrastructural
decay
• Refusing to open up the economy
1980s
• Collapsed (The disintegration of the Soviet Union, food
crisis, natural disasters: hails in 1994, flooding in 1995-1996,
and droughts in 1997) pushed North Korea into a crisis
• Dependent on international aid
1990s

35. Foreign Loans & Grants (US$ Million)
Former
Soviet Union
China
Other Socialist
States
OECD
Members
Subtotal
Before 1948 53.0 - - - 53.0
1953-60 609.0 459.6 364.9 - 1,883.5
(Grants) (325.0) (287.1) (364.9) - (977.0)
1961-70 558.3 157.4 159.0 9 883.7
1971-80 682.1 300.0 - 1,292.2 2,274.1
1981-90 508.4 500.0 - - 1,008.4
Total 2,409.8 1,417.0 523.9 1,301.0 6,102.7
Source: North Korea’s External Debts: Trend and Characteristics, Korea Focus (KDI Review of the North Korea Economy,
March 2012, published by the Korea Development Institute)

36. North Korea’s Economic Phases
• Industrialization
• The Soviet model (self-reliance)1960s
• Foreign loans and indulged in large-scale imports of
machinery and plant facilities
• The oil shock   the petroleum prices
1970s
• Malfunctioning in its centralized planned system in the form
of supply shortages, systemic inefficiency, and infrastructural
decay
• Refusing to open up the economy
1980s
• collapsed (The disintegration of the Soviet Union, food
crisis, natural disasters: hails in 1994, flooding in 1995-1996,
and droughts in 1997) pushed North Korea into a crisis
• Dependent on international aid
1990s

37. Amount of Shortage (Unit: 10,000 ton)
1995 121
1996 184
1997 161
1998 146
1999 115
2000 96
2001 165
2002 141
2003
129
2004 114
2005 106
2006 106
2007 95
2008 139
2009 117
2010 135
2011 109

38. • Rolled out 14 new Special Economic Zones2013
• The economic growth picked for few years before dipping
again.2000s
• Malfunctioning in its centralized planned system in the form
of supply shortages, systemic inefficiency, and infrastructural
decay
• Refusing to open up the economy
1980s
• collapsed (The disintegration of the Soviet Union, food
crisis, natural disasters: hails in 1994, flooding in 1995-1996,
and droughts in 1997) pushed North Korea into a crisis
• Dependent on international aid
1990s

39. The “military” ambition
• 1966: the defense sector comprised around 10%
total expenditures
• 1967 to 1971: over 30 %
• 1970s: 30% - 50%

41. • GDP: $33.3 billion (2013) (rise of 1.1%)
• agriculture: 23.4%
• industry: 47.2%
• services: 29.4%
• The main industries:
• military products
• machine building
• electric power, chemicals
• mining (coal, iron ore, limestone, graphite, copper, zinc,
lead, and precious metals), metallurgy
• textiles, food processing
• tourism

42. • China and South Korea are North’s main trading
partners.
• CIA’s 2012 estimates from the Factbook reveal:
• 63% of the exports from North are directed to China
• 27% to South Korea
• 73% percent of the total imports comes from China
(concessional assistance and support)
• 19% from South Korea

43. SOCIETY

44. Demography
• Ethnically homogeneous
• Population growth rate

45. Healthcare
• Public health
• Free universal insurance system
• Preventive medicine emphasization
Pyongyang Maternity Hospital

46. Infrastructure
• Rail transport is by far the most widespread
• Road transport is very limited
• Obsolete and in disrepair
• Develop own civilian nuclear program
A Soviet-built M62 diesel unit at Pyongyang Station

47. EDUCATION

48. EDUCATION

49. RELIGION

50. RELIGION

51. HUMAN RIGHTS

52. HUMAN RIGHTS

53. CONCLUSION

56. THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING