2. Background
Cells divide and multiply as the body
needs them. When these cells
continue multiplying when the body
doesn't need them, the result is a
mass or growth, also called a tumor.
3. Background
These growths are considered either
benign or malignant.
Each type of cancer is unique with its own
causes, symptoms, and methods of
treatment. Like with all groups of disease,
some types of cancer are more common
than others.
4. Cancer
a malignant tumor of potentially
unlimited growth that expands
locally by invasion and metastasis
5. Cancer
Cancer is one of the most common
diseases in the world:
1 in 4 deaths are due to cancer
Lung cancer is the most common
cancer in men
Breast cancer is the most common
cancer in women
There are over 100 different forms of
cancer
6. Cancer
The division (mitosis) of normal cells
is precisely controlled. New cells are
only formed for growth or to replace
dead ones.
Cancerous cells divide repeatedly out
of control even though they are not
needed, they crowd out other normal
cells and function abnormally.
They can also destroy the correct
7.
8. Cancer Is One Outcome of A Runaway Cell Cycle
Licentious division - prostate cancer cells during division.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13. The Cell Cycle and Cancer
Neoplasm- abnormal growth of cells
Benign neoplasms are not cancerous
Encapsulated; Do not invade
neighboring tissue or spread
Malignant neoplasms are cancerous
Not encapsulated; Readily invade
neighboring tissues
May also detach and lodge in distant
places – metastasis
14. The Cell Cycle and Cancer
Carcinogenesis – development of
cancer
Tends to be gradual, takes
years
15. Characteristics of Cancer
Cells
Lack differentiation (control)
Have abnormal nuclei
Form tumors
Mitosis controlled by contact with
neighboring cells – contact inhibition
Cancer cells have lost contact
inhibition
16. Characteristics of Cancer Cells
Undergo metastasis
Original tumor easily fragments
New tumors appear in other
organs
Undergo angiogenesis
Formation of new blood vessels
18. Stages of Cancer
Stage I cancers are localized to one part
of the body; usually curable.
Stage II cancers are locally advanced.
Stage III cancers are also locally
advanced.
Stage IV cancers have often
metastasized, or spread to other organs or
throughout the body.
20. What causes cancer?
Cancer arises from the mutation
of a normal gene.
A factor which brings about a
mutation is called a mutagen.
It is thought that several mutations
need to occur to give rise to cancer
Mutated genes that cause cancer
are called oncogenes .
21. What causes cancer?
Any agent that causes cancer
is called a carcinogen and is
described as carcinogenic.
Cancerous cells do not self
destruct and continue to divide
rapidly producing millions of
new cancerous cells.
22.
23. Carcinogens
Ionising radiation – X Rays, UV light
Chemicals – tar from cigarettes
Virus infection – papilloma virus can
be responsible for cervical cancer.
Hereditary predisposition – Some
families are more susceptible to
getting certain cancers. Remember
you can’t inherit cancer its just that
you maybe more susceptible to
getting it.
24. What are the different
kinds of Cancer?
The four most common cancers are:
Breast Cancer
Colon Cancer
Lung Cancer
Prostate Cancer
25. What are the different
kinds of Cancer?
Cancers of Blood and Lymphatic
Systems:
Hodgkin's Disease
Leukemias
Lymphomas
Multiple Myeloma
Waldenström's Disease
26. What are the different
kinds of Cancer?
Cancers of Digestive Systems:
Head and Neck Cancers
Esophageal Cancer
Stomach Cancer
Cancer of Pancreas
Liver Cancer
Colon and Rectal Cancer
Anal cancer
27. What are the different
kinds of Cancer?
Cancers of Urinary system:
Kidney Cancer
Bladder Cancer
Testis Cancer
Prostate Cancer
28. What are the different
kinds of Cancer?
Miscellaneous cancers:
Brain Tumors
Bone Tumors
Nasopharyngeal Cancer
Retroperitoneal sarcomas
Soft Tissue Tumors
Thyroid Cancer
Cancers of Unknown Primary Site
29. What causes cancer?
Stress
There is connection between stress,
immune system and cancer, that is
changing the direction of research: it now
appears that cancer cells make proteins
that actually tell the immune system to let
them alone and even to help them grow.
30. What causes cancer?
Stress
cancer
can weaken the immune
system and allowing a tumor to
grow
34. Cancer Treatment
Chemotherapy treatment
uses medicine to weaken and destroy
cancer cells in the body, including cells at
the original cancer site and any cancer
cells that may have spread to another part
of the body.
35. Cancer Treatment
Chemotherapy treatment
or "chemo," is a systemic therapy, which
means it affects the whole body by going
through the bloodstream.
In some cases, chemotherapy is given
before surgery to shrink the cancer
36. Cancer Treatment
Radiation therapy (also called
radiotherapy)
high-energy rays are used to damage
cancer cells and stop them from growing
and dividing.
A specialist in radiation therapy is called a
radiation oncologist.
37. Cancer Treatment
Radiation therapy (also called
radiotherapy)
Like surgery, radiation therapy is a local
treatment; it affects cancer cells only in the
treated area. Radiation can come from a
machine (external radiation).
38. Cancer Treatment
Radiation therapy (also called
radiotherapy)
It can also come from an implant (a small
container of radioactive material) placed
directly into or near the tumor (internal
radiation). Some patients receive both
kinds of radiation therapy.
39. Cancer Prevention
Healthy lifestyle
Exercise and proper breathing
Balanced diet
Complete rest and sleep
Water (8 to 10 glasses daily)
Eating Fruit on an empty stomach
41. Describe/explain the following in
your entry:
What is cancer and what are the
causes?
Give the 4 cancer types common to
women and briefly describe
What are the causes and
prevention?
42. Screening, testing, and treatment
commonly done in women’s cancer
Role of food in fighting cancer
Write your personal goals of a
healthy lifestyle and how/when you
will apply it.
Add 3-4 more references aside from
the one given on top