5. This decree, passed
in 1763 to pay off
war debts built up
during the French
and Indian War,
taxed England’s
exports to the
colonies.
The Revenue Act
King George III
6. The Stamp Act of 1765
It required that every
paper document,
from legal documents,
newspapers, ships
papers, publications,
and even playing
cards, carry a stamp
on it to raise money
for the defense of the
colonies.
8. British soldiers shot and killed several
people including Crispus Attucks. They
were the first casualties of the American
Revolution.
Boston Massacre
5 March 1770
9. Samuel Adams and
Bostonians, disguised
as Indians, dumped
British tea into the
harbor rather than
pay taxes on it.
Boston Tea Party - 1773
Samuel
Adams
10. The Coercive Acts
• Passed in retribution for the Boston
Tea Party
• Closed the port of Boston
• Abolished the right of the people of
Massachusetts to select their own
council
• Restricted other civil liberties
15. American privateers that once helped
the British now captured British ships
and goods with the blessing of the
Continental Congress.
16. These ships carried coastal commerce,
attacked British supply boats, and kept
open the coastal lines of communication
on which so much of life in the colonies
depended.
24. Personnel Problems
In the early days of
war, men were eager
to serve.
As war continued,
it became difficult
to recruit because
of stricter discipline,
low pay, and rewards
obtained by
privateering.
25. Forcing men to serve in the Navy by taking
them on board ship against their will
Impressment
26. Finding men to serve in the Navy would
be a problem throughout the war, and
ships were often unable to go to sea
because they lacked crews.
27. First Continental naval squadron was
composed of six small schooners, brigs,
and sloops assembled at Philadelphia.
ESEK
HOPKINS
29. Hopkins sailed to New Providence in the
Bahamas and overcame two British forts
and took more than eighty artillery pieces,
powder, and naval stores.
ESEK
HOPKINS
30. The Nassau expedition turned out to be
the last time American ships would put
to sea as a squadron during the war.
31. In a single month, August 1776, Jones
captured sixteen enemy vessels and
destroyed many others.
John Paul
Jones
32. John Paul Jones would become
legendary among early American
naval leaders.
33. American
invasion
of Canada
in 1775 by
Generals
Montgomery
and Arnold
General
Richard Montgomery
General
Benedict Arnold
Montgomery/Arnold
Arnold
(1,100)
(1,200)
Montgomery
(1,500)
Carleton
Quebec
Maine
Fort Ticonderoga
Boston
The Bat t l e of Lake
Champl ai n st opped
t he Bri t i sh
advance i n 1775The
34. When British reinforcements arrived,
the American patriots retreated toward
the colonies.
General Sir
Guy Carleton
General
John Burgoyne
35. By not following
the British plan,
Howe contributed
to the eventual defeat
of the British in the
Colonies. He was
relieved and sent back
to England.
36. By the summer of
1777, Burgoyne’s
forces were in
trouble.
General
Burgoyne
43. Significance of the
Battle of Saratoga
• The British government was less
willing to carry on the war.
• France, and later Spain and the
Netherlands, came into the war as
colonial allies.
45. American naval efforts in the war were
mostly just a nuisance to Britain and
did not affect the outcome of the war.
46. • Hurt British trade in the West
• Delayed troop reinforcements
• Captured needed arms and supplies
Role of the Privateers
47. Washington was right. Naval power would
decide the outcome of the war, but in the end,
it was French, not American, naval power that
made the difference.
50. John Paul Jones renamed the East
Indiaman the Bonhomme Richard
in honor of Benjamin Franklin, who
had written Poor Richard’s Almanac.
John Paul
Jones
Bonhomme Richard
51. Bonhomme
Richard
vs.
HMS Serapis
As the Bonhomme Richard slowly
began to sink, John Paul Jones was
asked if he was ready to strike.
He replied with the immortal words,
“I have not yet begun to fight!”
52. • Maintain the defensive in the
northern colonies.
• Mount an offensive in the
southern colonies.
• Take the war to the West Indies.
British Strategy in 1778
53. Sir Henry Clinton now commanded British
forces in the colonies. He abandoned
Philadelphia to reinforce New York City.
54. Confident that Washington's troops were
not a threat to New York City, Clinton set
sail for Charleston, South Carolina, and
surrounded the American forces.
55. The last Continental
squadron was
captured during the
Battle of Charleston
in 1780.
The Continental
Navy was never
again an effective
fighting force.
57. Cornwallis defeated
Gates at Camden,
S.C., and then
moved into North
Carolina where
Washington could
do nothing to stop
him.
General Cornwallis
58. Cornwallis followed Morgan and Greene
through North Carolina and won a battle
at Guilford Courthouse, but lost so many
men that he had to retreat.
59. General
Marquis de Lafayette
General Marquis
de Lafayette
sent word to
Washington
of Cornwallis’
entrenchment at
Yorktown, on the
Chesapeake Bay.
60. They commanded 5,000 militia in the area
and kept Cornwallis under observation.
General
Lafayette
General “Mad”
Anthony Wayne
61. Generals Rochambeau
and Washington
agreed to battle
General Clinton’s
superior troops in
New York even
though French
reinforcements did
not arrive in May,
1781.
General
Comte de Rochambeau
62. General Washington
wrote the French
minister asking that
Admiral de Grasse
come north from
the West Indies to
help in the New York
operation.
Admiral de Grasse
63. Admiral de Grasse
drove the British fleet
from Chesapeake Bay
In September, 1781.
This action
significantly
contributed to
Cornwallis’ defeat at
Yorktown.Admiral de Grasse
August 14, 1781
64. General Washington’s 4,500 Americans,
with 5,500 French troops, marched from New
York to Yorktown to battle British troops.
73. North
America
in 1783 as
a result of
the Treaty
of Paris
BRITISH
POSSESSIONS
Gulf of Mexico
Atlantic
Ocean
74. The small Continental Navy was
generally ineffective against the
powerful Navy of England.
75. Sea power played an important role in
America’s independence.
• The artillery and supplies used by
the Continental Army came from
prizes captured at sea.
• The French fleet, off the Virginia
Capes in 1781, prevented the British
from helping Cornwallis, leading
directly to his surrender.
76. It was obvious to many Americans that
to keep its freedom America needed a
navy of its own.