IT Benefits of Climate Change to Canada
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The document discusses how information and communication technologies (ICT) both contribute to climate change through their energy usage but also have potential to help mitigate climate change through enabling effects in other sectors. It outlines how moving ICT infrastructure like data centers to locations powered by renewable energy could achieve zero carbon computing and help address issues of unreliable renewable sources through new network architectures. The document proposes several areas for further research on more sustainable ICT network architectures.
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IT Benefits of Climate Change to Canada
- 1. ICT and Climate Change Benefits to Canada Bill St. Arnaud CANARIE Inc – www.canarie.ca [email_address] Unless otherwise noted all material in this slide deck may be reproduced, modified or distributed without prior permission of the author
- 4. The Planet is Already Committed to a Dangerous Level of Warming V. Ramanathan and Y. Feng, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD September 23, 2008 www.pnas.orgcgidoi10.1073pnas.0803838105 Source: Larry Smarr CAL-It2 Temperature Threshold Range that Initiates the Climate-Tipping Additional Warming over 1750 Level 90% of the Additional 1.6 Degree Warming Will Occur in the 21 st Century
- 7. Our Challenge 5 j j 26 tons/person 1 ton/person 2008 2050 ? j 2100 2 tons/person Source: Stern 2008
- 12. IT biggest power draw Heating, Cooling and Ventilation 58% Lighting 11% IT Equipment 25% Other 6% Sources: BOMA 2006, EIA 2006, AIA 2006 Energy Consumption Typical Building Energy Consumption World Wide Transportation 25% Manufacturing 25% Buildings 50%
- 22. Many examples Hydro-electric powered data centers Data Islandia Digital Data Archive ASIO solar powered data centers Wind powered data centers 17 Ecotricity in UK builds windmills at data center locations with no capital cost to user
- 23. Relocation of Nordic HPC facilities to Iceland
- 24. “ Zero Carbon” data centers connected by optical networks Turbine Spin up Power
- 25. Carbon Footprint by state 7
- 33. GENI Topology optimized by source destination Source: Peter Freeman NSF Wind Power Substrate Router Solar Power Wireless Base Station Sensor Network Thin Client Edge Site Mobile Wireless Network
- 34. GENI with remote nodes at renewable energy sites Sensor Network Thin Client Edge Site Source: Peter Freeman NSF Wind Power Substrate Router Solar Power Wireless Base Station Topology optimized by availability of energy Mobile Wireless Network
- 37. Vertical Windmills for networks MAGENN AIR ROTOR SYSTEM (M.A.R.S.) Windports Verticainc
- 40. The “VM Turntable” Demonstrator seamless remote rendering Korea Chicago Calgary VMs Dynamic Lightpaths Starlight CA*net4 KREOnet APEC TEL 33, Calgary, AL, Apr 24-27 2006 Live VMs migrated from Calgary to Chicago with transit through S. Korea, resulting in just a 1.011 second of application downtime . DRAC sets up and tears down a lightpath w/ each migration.
- 43. Define Scope of your Emissions
- 44. : Select a GHG Protocol The World Resource Institute Greenhouse Gas Protocol The Climate Registry General Reporting Protocol
- 45. * Based on UBC’s 2006 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Report **Includes core operations, tenants and ancillaries at UBC Point Grey and Okanagan campuses UBC’S GHG Emissions (tonnes of C02-e) Source Total Emissions (Tonnes CO 2 e)* Scope 1 Natural Gas** 66,150 Oil** 440 Fleet and Fuel 2,120 Animals 1,510 Scope 2 Electricity 6,150 Scope 3 Paper 1,090 Buildings 12,020 Flights 13,630 Commuting 22,820 Fertilizer 150
- 47. Impact on UBC 2007 GHG Inventory Summary Table (Tonnes CO2-e) [1] UBC Vancouver Campus [2] UBC Okanagan Campus [3] Natural Gas 54 595 2 283 Oil 0 0 Electricity 3 865 254 Fleet 2 096 23 Paper 994 Cost of GHG emissions for UBC 2010 – 2012 (/tonne CO2-e) 2010 2011 2012 Carbon Offset $25 $25 $25 Carbon Tax $20 $25 $30 Total $45 $50 $55 UBC’s GHG Emissions Liability 2010-2012 [4] 2010 2011 2012 Carbon Offset [5] $ 1 602 750 $ 1 602 750 $ 1 602 750 Carbon Tax [6] $ 1 179 940 $ 1 474 925 $ 1 769 910 Total: $ 2 782 690 $ 3 077 675 $ 3 372 660
- 50. Virtualization and De-materialization Source: European Commission Joint Research Centre, “The Future Impact of ICTs on Environmental Sustainability”, August 2004 Direct replacement of physical goods – 10% - 20% impact
- 51. Other sectors (40%) (e.g. manufacturing, coal mining, export transport) Emissions under direct consumer control (35%) Consumer influenced sectors (25%) (e.g. retail, food and drink, wholesale, agriculture, public sector) Heating Private cars Electricity Other transport Consumers control or influence 60 per cent of emissions http://www.cbi.org.uk/pdf/climatereport2007full.pdf 30
- 53. Digital vs Traditional appliances
Editor's Notes
- ERM has a strong pro-active dimension. As much about proactively managing as measuring It is a key part of our mission to Enable you to make decisions that are based on risk across the enterprise, levels of users,
- Assume each higher-ed produces 1-2 x 10e5 metric tons COe2 There are 3 x 10e3 higher ed institutions Therefore total higher ed CO2 emissions = 3-6 x 10e8 tons US total emissions 7 x 10e9 COe2 Therefore high ed percentage 3-6 x 10e8/7 x 10e9= 4.5 – 8.5%
- Source: SMART 2020: Enabling the low carbon economy in the information age First study to quantify the enabler effect of ICT on other sectors in terms of reducing CO2 emissions. Emissions from the ICT sector are estimated to rise significantly over the coming years No other sector can supply technology capabilities so integral to energy efficiency across such a range of other sectors or industries By 2020, ICT technologies can reduce global CO2 emissions by 7.8 versus 51.9 if business as usual (BAU) 7.8 Giga-tons of carbon dioxide emissions is greater than the current annual emissions of either the US or China
- Future projections from Gartner
- Each element (component) shown is a sophisticated network router or computer system. A given experiment will be allocated a portion of each of a subset of these elements and of the links connecting these elements. This partition of physical resources is called a slice. Software to be developed will allow a large number of experiments to simultaneously run, each in its own slice, without interfering with other experiments. Virtualization refers to the ability of experiments to behave as if they are not sharing the same physical elements or links. The facility is programmable in the sense that software for a slice can be downloaded from a researcher workstation to elements on which the slice resides using tools provided by GENI. In addition, a researcher can define a slice and request its allocation for an experiment from a local workstation. In effect, experimenters will operate as if they are using a new internet based on their own innovations.
- Each element (component) shown is a sophisticated network router or computer system. A given experiment will be allocated a portion of each of a subset of these elements and of the links connecting these elements. This partition of physical resources is called a slice. Software to be developed will allow a large number of experiments to simultaneously run, each in its own slice, without interfering with other experiments. Virtualization refers to the ability of experiments to behave as if they are not sharing the same physical elements or links. The facility is programmable in the sense that software for a slice can be downloaded from a researcher workstation to elements on which the slice resides using tools provided by GENI. In addition, a researcher can define a slice and request its allocation for an experiment from a local workstation. In effect, experimenters will operate as if they are using a new internet based on their own innovations.
- Protocols have also helped to define the scope of GHG emissions. Scope 1: Direct emissions from sources owned by the institution (heating and cooling?) fleets Scope 2: Indirect emissions from purchased energy (electricity) Scope 3: Other emissions related to the institution but not caused by sources owned by the institution Scope three emissions are voluntary emissions sources Up to the organization to choose weather or not they want to account for Scope 3 Post Sec. has an opportunity to influence emissions reductions beyond the scope of their attributed (scope 1 and 2) emissions. Next Slide- UBC Inventory UBC inventoried a number of scope 3 emissions including transportation, flights, embodied energy in building construction to name a few. I’ll expand on this when I show
- Step 3: Select a GHG protocol. GHG protocols provide a methodology for GHG inventory Answer difficult questions such as which emissions to account for, scope and boundary of emissions sources, how and where to obtain emissions factors for your calculations. Other reasons Better off using a standard that everyone else is using to benchmark and for comparison Upcoming legislations Auditable system On the screen are the 2 most commonly used protocols. Both are free to use, and can be found on-line. Anke will send around the link. UBC used the WRI protocol in developing our inventory, as at the time it was the most widely used and recognized. Both protocols adhere to ISO standards for GHG accounting, and both can be used.
- Here is a copy of the UBC 2006 GHG emissions inventory. UBC inventoried a number of scope 3 emissions including transportation, flights, embodied energy in building construction to name a few. Rational is that we can have influence even where emissions are not attributed toward us. For example, our context in British Columbia means that we are required by law to be carbon neutral by 2010. We will be carbon neutral in scope 1 and 2 emissions (plus paper), but we continue to take on projects that reduce emissions in all three scopes Example- U-Pass