The document discusses systems theory and defines a system as a set of related parts coordinated to achieve goals. It provides examples of a car as a system, with petrol as the input, the engine as the process, and movement as the output. The document outlines the key features of a system, including inputs, processes, outputs, boundaries, environments, and that systems can be open or closed loop with feedback.

1. ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS MIS

2. WHAT IS A SYSTEM? A SYSTEM IS A SET OF RELATED PARTS COORDINATED TO ACCOMPLISH A SET OF GOALS THE FUNCTION OF A SYSTEM IS TO CONVERT OR PROCESS THE INPUTS TO ACHIEVE USEFUL OUTPUTS. E.G. CAR IS A SYSTEM

3. SYSTEMS THEORY LET US VIEW MOTOR CAR AS A SYSTEM PETROL IS INPUT THE ENGINE REPRESENTS THE PROCESS AND MOVEMENT REPRESENTS THE OUTPUT

4. SYSTEMS THEORY LET US VIEW MOTOR CAR AS A SYSTEM PETROL IS INPUT THE ENGINE REPRESENTS THE PROCESS AND MOVEMENT REPRESENTS THE OUTPUT PROCESS INPUT OUTPUT

5. SYSTEMS THEORY LET US VIEW MOTOR CAR AS A SYSTEM PETROL IS INPUT THE ENGINE REPRESENTS THE PROCESS AND MOVEMENT REPRESENTS THE OUTPUT THE MOTOR CAR IS ALSO SUBJECT TO EXTERNAL FACTORS IN THE ENVIRONMENT SUCH AS ROAD SURFACE, THE STEEPNESS OF THE GROUND, THE WIND SPEED, ETC. ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT PROCESS INPUT OUTPUT ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT

6. KEY FEATURES OF A SYSTEM INPUTS PEOPLE, ENERGY, MATERIALS, EQUIPMENT, MONEY OR DATA THESE INPUTS MAY BE RECEIVED INDIVIDUALLY OR IN COMBINATION AND CAN ORIGINATE FROM A NUMBER OF DIVERSE SOURCES

7. KEY FEATURES OF A SYSTEM PROCESS RESULTS FROM RECEIVING INPUTS SOME FORM OF CONVERSION ACTIVITY IS CARRIED OUT, WITH THE AIM OF ADDING VALUE TO THAT INPUT TO PRODUCE AN OUTPUT. E.G. MACHINING, SORTING, STORING, CALCULATING, ETC.

8. KEY FEATURES OF A SYSTEM OUTPUTS ONCE PROCESSING IS COMPLETE, THE FINISHED, PROCESSED PRODUCT OR SERVICE WHICH RESULTS IS PASSED OUT TO THE ENVIRONMENT E.G. DELIVERY OF GOODS TO CUSTOMER OR TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION TO A SUB-SYSTEM

9. KEY FEATURES OF A SYSTEM BOUNDARY THE SYSTEM BOUNDARY SEPARATES THE SYSTEM AND ITS COMPONENTS FROM ITS ENVIRONMENT E.G. GARDEN WALL (PHYSICAL) OR THE BUSINESS UNIT (INVISIBLE) OR THE ACCOUNT OFFICE

10. KEY FEATURES OF A SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT A SYSTEM’S ENVIRONMENT IS DEFINED AS THOSE EXTERNAL ELEMENTS OF A SYSTEM MOST SYSTEMS OPERATE WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF AN ENVIRONMENT AND INTERACTS WITH IT BY RECEIVING INPUTS FROM IT AND DELIVERING OUTPUTS TO IT

11. 5 KEY COMPONENTS OF SYSTEM LET US VIEW MOTOR CAR AS A SYSTEM PETROL IS INPUT THE ENGINE REPRESENTS THE PROCESS AND MOVEMENT REPRESENTS THE OUTPUT THE MOTOR CAR IS ALSO SUBJECT TO EXTERNAL FACTORS IN THE ENVIRONMENT SUCH AS ROAD SURFACE, THE STEEPNESS OF THE GROUND, THE WIND SPEED, ETC. ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT PROCESS INPUT OUTPUT BOUNDARY ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT

12. OPEN SYSTEMS AN OPEN SYSTEM IS ONE THAT INTERACTS WITH ITS ENVIRONMENT DISTURBANCE ENVIRONMENT PROCESS INPUT OUTPUT

13. FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEM A PART OF THE SYSTEM OUTPUT IS RETURNED AS AN INPUT TO THE SYSTEM AS FEEDBACK ENVIRONMENT PROCESS INPUT OUTPUT

14. FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEM A PART OF THE SYSTEM OUTPUT IS RETURNED AS AN INPUT TO THE SYSTEM AS FEEDBACK E.G. INVENTORY LEVEL IS CHECKED, THAT OUTPUT IS FED BACK AS INPUT TO REPORT TO CALCULATE SHORTAGE QUANTITY

15. Main objective of the system is to give ‘good’ MIS GOOD MIS MEANS USERS CAN FOCUS ON THE THINGS THEY NEED TO DO THEY ARE NOT WASTING TIME LOOKING FOR INFORMATION