This presentation explains the process by which milk goes from cow to carton for human consumption. It begins on the farm, where dairy cows like Daisy are milked twice daily. The milk is stored briefly on the farm before being transported in insulated trucks to a processing plant. There, the milk is tested, pasteurized to kill bacteria, homogenized to distribute fat evenly, and may be cultured into products like yogurt. The milk is then packaged and distributed to stores, where customers can purchase milk products. The presentation provides additional details about dairy cow breeds, farm operations, and milk storage and transportation.

1. Cow To Carton
By Vardhman Jain
Hurlstone Agricultural High
School

2. Introduction
Everyday in the world, we use a milk product, mostly without even
realizing it. The mouth-watering caramel coated chocolate cake with
a thin layer of cream you had for lunch uses milk as one of the
ingredients. Cleopatra, the last Egyptian Queen even bathed in it.
But have you ever wondered where milk comes from? This
presentation explains how milk is produced in a fun and interactive
way.
Press Play to Start. Press the HOME button to go back to the next
slide during any slide.

3. Click On An Image Below

4. Breeds
Meet Daisy, the one of a kind Jersey cow. Most dairy cows are
milked twice or thrice a day. There are three main dairy cattle
breeds used in Australia:
Jersey Illawarra Friesian
Daisy The Cow

5. More Breeds
Here are four more breeds that are used in the dairy industry.
Aussie Red Guernsey Ayrshire
Brown Swiss

6. The Dairy
Here is where most of the action occurs.
Cows are milked twice a day, once during the morning (6am) and once
during the afternoon(5pm). Cows are brought in from one side and are
stationed near suction cups.
The operator pulls a lever which releases feed into the feed bin.
While the cows are eating, the operator places a cup onto each of the four
teats on the cow’s udder for milk extraction.
When the cow is finished milking the operator removes the cups and
sprays the udder with disinfectant
The cows then go back into the paddock where they are given fresh grass
to eat.

7. The Dairy
On average, milking takes around 5 minutes per cow. Some
dairies use a technique shown below to speed up the process
Milking Station 2
Cows Suction pipes hanging from Ceiling Release
Milking Station 1
The farmer lines up the cows that come from the arrow into MS 1
and attaches the suction pipes. While they are being milked, he lines
up more cows into MS 2. When the cows in MS 1 are finished being
milked, he releases the cows and put those suction cups on MS 2
cows and repeats the cycle till all cows are milked.

8. Storage of Milk
Before the milk is sold to a milk company, it has to kept as close
to 4 Degrees Celsius as possible. To achieve this, milk is kept in a
silo or a vat for a maximum of 48 hours to ensure freshness.
During this time, a truck from the milk company comes to
collect the milk.
The vat, it is cleaned and
disinfected each time the
milk is picked up by the
tanker driver .
ABOVE: One means of milk storage, a vat!

9. The Hurlstone Dairy
Below is a photo from the Hurlstone Dairy - where the magic
begins.

10. Transportation
A truck comes from a milk company every 24-48 hours. The
driver always tests a sample of the milk for three main criteria –
Temperature - How close is to 4 Degrees Celsius?
Smell - Does it smell sweet or sour?
Colour - How white it is?
If the milk is approved, it is pumped into the truck and taken to the
production plant. These trucks are highly insulated to maintain the
temperature of the milk. There, all the milk from the different farms is
pumped into the factory. In the factory, it is kept in vats and refrigerated
before it is processed.

11. Processing
After transportation, the milk is -
Tested Again - Back on the farm, the driver took a sample. When the driver
arrived at the factory, another sample was taken. These samples can be used to
check the quality of insulation of a truck by comparing the two. The farm sample
is checked again in a lab to ensure the milk is suitable for processing.
Pasteurized - This technique kills harmful bacteria by heating milk to a
temperature between 63 to 72 Degrees Celsius and cooling it immediately. This
method was invented French chemist, Louis Pasteur.
Homogenized - Milk is a mixture of fat and water. When left to stand, it will
form a creamy layer. Homogenization is the process of breaking up the fat
globules so It is evenly distributed and doesn’t form a creamy layer. Centrifuge
can be used as a method and another method is forcing the milk through a sieve

12. Processing
Homogenization Pasteurization

13. Processing - Watch It
Click the milk bottle to watch a video on milk processing once it
enters the factory. Please note this video was made in the 1990s
and some changes in technology may have occurred. Press Play
if you would like to skip this video.

14. Further Processing
Here the milk can be cultured to form yoghurt or flavoured milk.
Culturing yoghurt is a technique in which a small amount of
yoghurt in milk to turn the milk into yoghurt.
This is also the time where the shelf life is increased by heating
the milk to a higher temperature. This process is called ultra high
temperature (UHT) treatment. Milk bottles or cartons that have
UHT written on them use this technique.
ABOVE: UHT Treatment

15. Packaging
The milk is ready to be filled into bottles and delivered
to shops where we customers can buy them.
From Cow to Carton is a long journey. Hundreds of
farmers dedicate their farm only to serve the
community. Imagine a world without milk.
No ice-cream. No chocolate. No cakes.
Packaging milk at 1-2°C Selling milk at stores.

16. Fun Facts
Below are some facts that will amaze you about the dairy industry
An average cow can produce between 4,000 to 10,000 litres of
milk each year depending on the breed.
An average Australian drinks 106.1 litres of milk each year.
This means, one cow can provide enough milk for roughly 66
people each year.
Studies show that milk can prevent many forms of heart
problems as well as reduce chances of cancer.
In South Australia, milk products outsell carbonated drinks like
coke.

17. How is it Made?
Click the milk product you prefer and see “How Is It Made”. Press Play if you
would like to skip the videos.

18. Mozzarella Cheese
Click To Go Back To
How Is It Made

19. Yoghurt
Click To Go Back To
How Is It Made

20. The Last Slide?
This is the last slide. However, on
your right are fun challenges you can
Game
do to test yourself. Press RESTART if
you want to start this slideshow
again.
Quiz
Thank you for watching this
slideshow.
Restart

21. Game
Welcome to “Cow to Cartons”. Remember Daisy? This time, she
is running a campaign to ensure that milk is delivered to the
factory in the finest condition from the farm. But on her way to
the factory, it started raining and the map got blurred. Help
Daisy to get to the milk production plant to save the future of
milk.
How to Play: Stick to the black path (road) and avoid being
distracted by the fresh juicy green grass or it will be too late. Use
your mouse’s cursor to move.
Please note the game is not interactive in pdf format

22. Please note the game unfortunately is not interactive in pdf format
Milk Production
Plant
Daisy’s Farm

23. You Win
As a winner of this challenge, you have earned AU$100. Click the
button below to redeem your prize.
Click to get your AU$100

24. AU$100
Click to Back

25. You Lose
It isn’t over yet, try again. There is a prize if you accomplish the
challenge.

26. Quiz
Remember all the facts that you learnt today. Now is the time to
test that IQ of yours. Press Go to start.
There is no turning back. The Home and Next Buttons are
disabled, you need to complete the quiz. There are 5 questions,
all multiple-choice.
Go

27. Question 1
What temperature is milk kept at to stop and control the spread
of bacterium?
4 Degrees Celsius 50 Degrees Fahrenheit
3 Degrees Celsius 4 Degrees Fahrenheit

28. Question 2
What is the process that kills bacteria when in a production
plant?
Bacteria-killing
Homogenization
Technique
Pasteurization Boil and Cool

29. Question 3
Which of these breeds is not a dairy cattle?
Jersey Angus
Aussie Red Friesian

30. Question 4
What is the name of the product that is obtained from the
removal of milk proteins?
Chocolate Apple Juice
Permeates Cola

31. Question 5
Homogenization uses what technique?
Centrifuging Distillation
Centrafuging Globule

32. Congratulations
Congratulations, you passed. It wasn’t scary was it now.
Back

33. Try Again
It appears that your answer is incorrect. Please do that question
again.
Go Back

34. Acknowledgements
• Milk Processing Information - www.pauls.com.au
• Milk Processing images - www.emt-india_net
• Design Ideas and great support- My family
• Teacher - Mr. McAlpin

35. PLATINUM GOLD SILVER
BRONZE MEDIA SPONSOR
Gerringong
& Albion Park
Vet Clinic

36. This is
a
Vardhman Jain
production
for the
2009