Nosocomial infections, also known as hospital-acquired infections, are infections that patients acquire during the course of receiving treatment for other conditions within a healthcare setting. The summary discusses three key points: 1) Nosocomial infections can be caused by microbes transmitted from other patients, healthcare workers, or the hospital environment. Common sites of infection include the urinary tract, surgical wounds, and lungs. 2) Preventing the spread of infections requires strict adherence to infection control practices like hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, safe handling of medical equipment and waste. 3) Surveillance of infection rates is important for hospitals to identify problems and evaluate the effectiveness of infection prevention and control programs