ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
Role of hormones in the menstrual cycle
1. Role of Hormones
in the Menstrual
Cycle
By : Wazirah Azrin bt Abdul
Jamil
From : SMKA (P) Al-Mashoor
2. Puberty
• Is the period of time during adolescence, when a
child’s body changes into an adult and the
reproductive system starts to work
• Most girls reach puberty at 10-12 years
• Most boys reach puberty at 12-14 years
• Changes in girls : Breast development , pubic and
underarm hair , growth spurt and body shape change , vaginal
discharge , oilier skin and acne on face , menstruation starts
• Changes in boys : Pubic hair , growth spurt, voice change ,
hair on body , acne
3. • Is the elimination of the thickened lining of the
uterus (endometrium) from the body through the
vagina.
• Menstrual fluid contains blood, cells from the lining
of the uterus (endometrial cells) and mucus.
• The average length of a period is between three
days and one week.
• Sanitary pads are used to absorb the menstrual flow.
• The sanitary pads used need to be changed regularly
(at least every four hours).
4. The monthly cycle of ovulation and
menstruation in the human female
Takes about 28 days
7. In the uterus…
Menstruation occurs
(excess blood&tissue of endometrium which is the lining of
uterus leave the uterus through vagina)
Endometrium is repaired and thickens
Endometrium becomes thicker
Many blood vessels develop in it
Endometrium that is fully thickened begins to
break down
9. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
1) Causes a Graafian follicle to develop in the
ovary
2) Stimulates the follicle cells
and the tissues of the ovary
to secrete oestrogen
10. Oestrogen
1) Heal and repair the uterine wall
2) Causes the endometrium to thicken in preparation for
implantation
3) Stops the pituitary gland from producing FSH and
stimulates it to produce LH
14. Explanations….
1) The levels of the reproductive hormones are controlled
by negative feedback mechanisms
2) FSH causes the oestrogen levels
3) Oestrogen inhibits the production of FSH (FSH )
4) Lack of stimulation causes the oestrogen level
5) Progesterone inhibits the production of FSH
6) Progesterone , FSH level
7) Development of another Graafian follicle is inhibited
15. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
• Is a group of symptoms related to the
menstrual cycle
• Occur in a week or two weeks before
menstruation
• Often includes both symptoms
Physical Emotional
18. Miscarriage
• Progesterone maintains the thickness of the endometrium for
implantation of a zygote
• Miscarriage is the loss of an embryo
before the 20th week of pregnancy.
• Most miscarriages occur during the first 14 weeks
of pregnancy.
• The medical term for miscarriage is
spontaneous abortion.
• Failure in the production of progesterone causes the
thickness of the endometrium to be reduced
• The embryo cannot be embedded securely in the
endometrium
• Therefore , miscarriage occurs
19. Menopause
• Is a normal change in a woman’s life when her
menstruation stops
• Woman’s body produces less of the hormones
oestrogen progesterone
• Between the ages 44 and 55
• Menstruation stops for 12 months in a row
20. Menopause Symptoms
• Hot flushes
(sudden hot feel)
• Night sweats
• Sleeping problems
• Osteoporosis
• Mood changes
• Weight gain
• Hair loss
