This document describes a project to build a prototype metro train system using an 8051 microcontroller. The prototype train will have a stepper motor to control motion, an LCD display to show station information, and indicators and alarms. The 8051 will control the train according to a programmed schedule, stopping at stations for a set time before proceeding to the next station. Components include an 8051 chip, display unit, stepper motor, power supply, and other electronics. The goal is to understand the technology behind driverless trains and demonstrate automatic control of speed and stopping.

1. PROJECT TITLE
METRO TRAIN PROTOTYPE
USING 8051
MICROCONTROLLER

2. Project Description
Designed to understand the technology used in
modern driver less metro train.
Trains are equipped with CPU, which control the
train.
Train is programmed for specific path.
Every station on path is defined.
Stoppage timing of train and distance between two
stations is predefined.

3. In This Project
 We try to make prototype for these type of Metro Trains.
 We use 8051 as CPU.
 The motion of Train is controlled by a Stepper Motor.
 LCD Display of 2*16 characters is used for displaying messages in
the train.
 The stoppage time at a station is taken to be 3 seconds.
 The time taken by train between two consecutive stations is taken
as 6 seconds.

4. In This Project (Contd.)
LEDs are used as Indicators to show the train direction i.e.
UP and DOWN path.
It also have BUZZER system. As train is going to leave a
station, buzzer blows.
It also have an emergency brake system due to which train
stops as soon as brakes are applied.
Can resume journey after emergency situation is over.

5. Basic Circuit
Basically it has four parts
1. POWER SUPPLY
2. 8051 IC
3. DISPLAY UNIT
4. STEPPER MOTOR

6. List of Components Used

7. Block Diagram

8. LCD Interfacing With 8051

9. WHY WE USE ULN 2003?
Microcontroller pins lack sufficient current to drive the
relay. They can provide a maximum of 1-2mA current.
While the stepper motor’s coil needs around 10mA to be
energized. For this reason, we place a driver so that
stepper motor can work efficiently.

10. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

11. PCB Layout

12. Power Supply Circuit

13. Working Of Project
The 230V AC supply is converted into 9 Volts by the
transformer used in power supply section.
Then it is rectified by the bridge rectifier made up of
diodes.
Then the 9 v is regulated by 7805.
1000 micro farad capacitor is used to filter the DC voltage.
After supplying power to the circuit, it works according to
the programming done in 8051.

14. Programming of 8051
$mod51
data equ p1 ;p0
busy equ p0.7 ;p0.7
rs equ p3.2
rw equ p3.1
en equ p3.0
org 400h
show0: db 'Welcome To All','0‘
show1: db 'Current Station','0‘
show2: db 'Next Station','0'
show3: db 'Aligarh','0'
show4: db 'Ghaziabad','0'
show5: db 'New Delhi','0‘
org 0000h
here: mov p2,#00h
acall ini
mov dptr,#show0
acall read
clr p3.3 ;p1.0

15. acall delay
mov a,#01h
acall command; Now make memory clear cursor home
mov dptr,#show1
acall read
mov a,#0c0h
acall command
mov dptr,#show3
.
.
.
.
.
.
cjne r1,#00h,loop1
pop p1
pop acc
ret
end

16. FUTURE SCOPE OF THIS PROJECT
This Project is useful in developing countries & this
project has a bright future as it is being used in
countries like Germany, France & Japan. This project
helps us to control train without a driver and the
stations are shown on the LCD so the passenger
doesn’t have any type of difficulty. This project will
lead to increase in technological trends & this will
help the people in many ways.