Presented by: Iswandi Anas, National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN), and Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Soil Biotechnology Laboratory, Indonesia Presented at: 11th FNCA Coordinators Meeting

1. UTILIZATION OF BIOFERTILIZER IN INDONESIA ISWANDI ANAS NATIONAL NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY (BATAN), AND BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY (IPB), SOIL BIOTECHNOLOGY LABORATORY, INDONESIA PRESENTED AT 11TH FNCA COORDINATORS’ MEETING 11-12 MARCH 2010, TOKYO, JAPAN

2. PROBLEMS RELATED TO FERTILIZERS IN INDONESIA 1970: INTRODUCTION OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS (NPK) SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN USE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS INCREASE IN SOIL DEGRADATION WITH REDUCTION IN SOIL ORGANIC MATTER (S.O.M) – INFERTILE SOILS 73% ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION RESULTING FROM BUILD-UP OF AGROCHEMICALS IN SOIL AND WATER LOW NUTRIENT UPTAKE EFFICIENCY AS ANOTHER RESULT CHEMICAL FERTILIZERSHAVE BECOME VERY EXPENSIVE! NEED CHEAPER, ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY FERTILIZERS AS ALTERNATIVES: BIOFERTILIZERS-BIOORGANIC FERTILIZERS

3. BIO-FERTILIZERS ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ENRICHED WITH BIOFERTILIZER MULTI-FUNCTIONAL BIOFERTILIZER (N + P+ ANTAGONISTS) N2-FIXING BACTERIA (RHIZOBIUM, AZOSPIRILLUM, AZOTOBACTER) PHOSPHATE-SOLUBILIZING MICROBES (PSM) PLANT GROWTH-PROMOTING SUBSTANCES ANTAGONISTS (INHIBIT GROWTH OF PATHOGENS AND INSECT)

4. DIFFERENT SOURCES OF RAW MATERIALS FOR ORGANIC FERTILIZERS

5. PHOSPHATE-SOLUBILIZING MICROBES Prof. Dr Iswandi Anas, 2006 5 COMMON PSM USED AS INOCULANTS FOR BIOFERTILIZERS N2-FIXING BACTERIA

6. PROF DR ISWANDI ANAS IPB 2008 100 MILLION SEEDLINGS VIAGRA TEST RHIZOBIUM FOR ACACIA AND SOYBEAN

7. PROF DR ISWANDI ANAS IPB 2008 FNCA BIOFERTILIZER GROUP FROM 8 COUNTRIES

9. Number of strains being usedfor biofertilizersin China Free-living N-fixing bacteria >40 Associated N-fixing bacteria 106 Rhizobia>3,000 Phosphate-solubilizing strains ~80 Phosphate-decomposing strain >15 Silicate bacteria >30 PGPR 150-200 Antagonistic strains ~300 Pesticide degraders ~300 Fan, 2008

10. BIOFERTILIZER-BIOORGANIC FERTILIZER UTILIZATION IN INDONESIA Demo plot 2008 WSBF FNCA, 25 February 2009 VEGETABLE, FOOD CROPS, PLANTATION CROPS, FOREST PLANTATION Note : Plot size 6.00 x 3.20 m

11. Effect of bio-organic fertilizer on rice yield planted according to System of Rice Intensification (SRI) (Iswandiet al., 2009) CAN REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS

12. BIO-FERTILIZER / BIO-ORGANIC FERTILIZER FOR PLANTATION CROPS CAN REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS NEEDED 27% FERTILIZER COST-SAVING FOR SEEDLINGS 24% FERTILIZER COST-SAVING FOR YOUNG OIL PALM TREES 50% NPK + 150 g BIOST 50% NPK + 100 g BIOST 100% NPK

13. BIO-FERTILIZER / BIO-ORGANIC FERTILIZER FOR PLANTATION CROPS

14. WEED-MULCH: EUPATHORIUM AND TITHONIA

15. IMPORTANT OF ACCESSIBILITY TO RADIATION FACILITIES FOR STERILIZATION OF CARRIERS

16. GOOD QUALITY OF BIOFERTILIZERS 1. “SUPER” MICROBES: ABILITY, SURVIVAL, COMPETITIVENESS, GROWTH RATE 2. CARRIERS: PEAT, COMPOST, CHARCOAL 3. GOOD STERILIZATION: AUTOCLAVE (CONVENTIONAL) IRRADIATION (Co60 OR EBM)

17. Sterilization of bio-fertilizer carrier Good Radiation Practice (GRP), 60 Co and EBM Provide technical services on radiation technology for sterilization on materials

18. STANDARDIZATION OF THE BIOFERTILIZERS QUALITY QUALITY CONTROL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE TO PROTECT THE CUSTOMERS (FARMERS) AND PRODUCERS INDONESIA (MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE REGULATIONS): QUALITY TESTING (NUMBER OF BENEFICIAL MICROBES IN CARRIERS, VIABILITY, ETC - BY LABORATORY TEST) EFFECTIVITY TEST: EFFECT ON PLANT GROWTH AND YIELD EXPIRATION DATE: NEEDS TO BE STANDARDIZED AND ENFORCED FNCA – BIOFERTILIZER MEETING IN BANGKOK (2-6 NOV. 2010) FNCA GUIDELINES FOR STANDARIZATION OF BIOFERTILIZERS (REQUIRES COLLABORATION AMONG FNCA MEMBERS)

19. REGISTERED BI0-ORGANIC FERTILIZERS IN INDONESIA REGISTERED NON INORGANIC FERTILIZERS IN INDONESIA

20. CONCLUSIONS 1. GROWING DEMAND FOR BIOFERTILIZERS AND BIO-ORGANIC FERTILIZERS 2. MULTIFUNCTIONAL BIOFERTILIZERS ARE NEEDED: N + P + OTHER NUTRIENTS + PLANT GROWTH PROMOTERS+ ANTAGONISTS 3. IRRADIATION TECHNOLOGY IS NEEDED TO PRODUCE GOOD QUALITY BIOFERTILIZERS (NEED AVAILABILITY AND ACCESS) 4. NEED FOR STANDARDIZATION OF BIOFERTILIZERS 5. STRONG SUPPORT FROM FNCA IN RESEARCH FUNDING CAN IMPROVE CURRENT SITUATION