4. A Microscope is an instrument used to view
objects that are too small to be seen by the
naked eye.
5. TYPES OF MICROSCOPES
• HAND LENSES
• SINGLE LENS MICROSCOPE
• LIGHT MICROSCOPE
• ELECTRON MICROSCOPES
SEM – Scanning electron microscope
TEM – Transmission electron microscope.
6. Robert Hook used the concept cell for the first time
Robert Brown was the first to describe the nucleus
in the cell
Matthias Schleiden Theodor Schwann developed
the cell theory
Rudolph Virchow and August Weismann expanded
the cell theory
Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow compiled the
cell theory
7. The cell theory states that:
All living organisms are made out of cells
New cells are formed by the division of
existing cells
The cell houses genes, which are the blueprint
for growth, functioning and development of
cells
The cell is the functional unit of life because
all chemical reactions of life take place inside
the cell
8. A cell is the basic unit of structure
and function in organisms.
9. THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF CELLS DISCOVERED
TODAY.
Prokaryotic AND Eukaryotic CELLS
Prokaryotic CELL Eukaryotic CELL
10. Prokaryotic CELLS
these are cells that do not have a true
nucleus, cells without a membrane bound
nucleus.
Only organisms of the domains Bacteria
and Archaea consist of prokaryotic cells
(KINGDOM MONERA)
11. Eukaryotic CELLS
• Eukaryotic cells are cells that have
a true nucleus, these cells have a
membrane bound nucleus.
• Protists, fungi, animals and
plants all consist of eukaryotic
cells
14. ORGANELLES
Organelles (are very small)
microscopic structures found within a
cell
These perform various functions for
the cell
They are flouting in the cytoplasm
They may or not be membrane bound
15. What do organelles do?
★process energy
★manufacture substances
needed by the cell
★move materials
★act as storage site
16. The nucleus
Enclosed by a
nucleomembrane with
nuclear pores for
Protection of
nucleoplasm, nucleolus
and chromatin
17. Chloroplasts
contain green pigment chlorophyll
chlorophyll captures light energy that
is used to make glucose, chloroplast
contain the following: Ribosomes,
starch grains, grana, Stroma,
thylakoids
double membrane.
18. MITOCHONDRION
Consist of 2 membranes: Outer – and a
highly convoluted inner membrane- These
folds are called cristae – they increase the
surface area.
Filled with matrix called stroma that
contains DNA and ribosomes.
Function: Produce energy in the form of
ATP by means of cellular respiration