General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...
Plant propagation techniques
1.
2. Asexual Propagation Techniques
in Horticultural Crops
Group Members
Muhammad Ozair 09-arid-345
Adnan Saleem 05-arid-23
Syed Ali Ameer 09-arid-344
3. Why is plant propagation
important?
Plant propagation- reproduction of new
plants from seeds and vegetative
parts, such as leaves, stems, or roots
Produce new and better breeds of
plants faster
Can reproduce exact duplicates of
desirable plants
Can increase quality of plants
4. Asexual propagation?
Asexual propagation
Reproduction of new plants from existing
stem, leaf or root of parent plant
No seed is formed
Produces an exact duplicate of the parent
plant called a clone
Can produce new plants from plants that
are difficult to produce from seed
5. What are types of Asexual
propagation?
Stem cuttings
Leaf cuttings
Leaf-bud cuttings
Budding
Layering
Separation and division
Tissue culture
Grafting
6. What are stem cuttings?
Stem cuttings:
A portion of the stem that contains a
terminal bud or lateral buds is cut and
placed in growing media to produce
roots.
18. Layering
Layering is a mean of
plant propagation in which a portion of
an aerial stem grow roots while still
attached to the parent plant and then
detaches as an independent plant
19. Removing epidermis for
layering.
Air Layering
Packing moss around
area to provide moisture.
Wrap in saran wrap to
keep moisture in.
Removing saran wrap to
see new roots and bud.
New bud with roots.
20. Layering – taking a branch and placing it
on the soil.
Layering – Simple or mound
24. Tissue culture (often called micropropagation) is a
special type of asexual propagation where a very small
piece of tissue (shoot apex, leaf section, or even an
individual cell) is excised (cut-out) and placed in sterile
(aseptic) culture in a test tube, Petri dish or tissue
culture container containing a special culture medium.
Tissue culture
40. Whip and Tongue Graft
Both the rootstock and scion should be of equal size and
preferably no more than 1/2 inch in diameter.
Cut off the stock using a diagonal cut. The cut should be four to
five times longer than the diameter of the stock to be grafted.
Make the same kind of cut at the base of the scion.
42. Saddle Graft
Both rootstock and scion should be the same diameter.
Stock should not be more than 1 inch in diameter.
Using two opposing upward strokes of the grafting knife, sever
the top from the rootstock. The resulting cut should resemble an
inverted V, with the surface of the cuts ranging from 1/2 to 1 inch
long.
Now reverse the technique to prepare the base of the scion
44. Bridge Graft
Bridge grafting is used to "bridge" a diseased or damaged area
of a plant, usually at or near the base of the trunk.
Select scions that are straight and about twice as long as the
damaged area to be bridged. Make a 1 1/2- to 2-inch-long tapered
cut on the same plane at each end of the scion.
Cut a flap in the bark on the rootstock the same width as the
scion and below the injury to be repaired.
46. Inarch Graft
Inarching, like bridge grafting, is used to bypass or support a
damaged or weakened area of a plant stem.
Unlike bridge grafting, the scion can be an existing shoot,
sucker, or watersprout that is already growing below and
extending above the injury.
The scion may also be a shoot of the same species as the
injured plant growing on its own root system next to the main
trunk of the damaged tree.
48. Approach grafting is a method used to propagate plants in
which one independent plant is fused with another independent
plant. It is usually done when the two plants grow close to each
other.
At the point where the two plants will join, a 1- 2 inch long slice
of bark is cut on each stem.
The two stems are bound together, with the cut areas touching,
using any wrapping material.
Approach Graft
50. Dwarfing: To induce dwarfing or cold tolerance or other characteristics to
the scion
Ease of propagation: Because the scion is difficult to propagate
vegetatively by other means, such as by cuttings.
Hybrid breeding: To speed maturity of hybrids in fruit tree breeding
programs. Hybrid seedlings may take ten or more years to flower and fruit on
their own roots. Grafting can reduce the time to flowering and shorten the
breeding program.
Hardiness: Because the scion has weak roots or the roots of the stock
plants have roots tolerant of difficult conditions.
Sturdiness: To provide a strong, tall trunk for certain ornamental shrubs
and trees.
Advantages of Grafting
51. Repair: To repair damage to the trunk of a tree that would prohibit nutrient
flow, such as stripping of the bark by rodents that completely girdles the trunk.
Changing cultivars: To change the cultivar in a fruit orchard to a more
profitable cultivar, called topworking. It may be faster to graft a new cultivar
onto existing limbs of established trees than to replant an entire orchard.
Maintain consistency: Apples are notorious for their genetic variability,
even differing in multiple characteristics, such as, size, color, and flavor, of
fruits located on the same tree.
Pollen source: To provide pollenizers. For example, in tightly planted or
badly planned apple orchards of a single variety, limbs of crab apple may be
grafted at regularly spaced intervals onto trees down rows, say every fourth
tree.
Advantages of Grafting