Re-imagined

1. Re-imagined
The future of K12 education
by David Havens

2. Catalyzed by technology, education is undergoing major change
Towards greater personalization and access
95%
80%
2
of teachers agree that technology use in the classroom can enhance student learning
agree that their students’ learning is more engaging when using technology
N = 17,624 teachers
5 STATES
EVERY 4 DAYS
5:1RATIO
require online
coursework to graduate
a new edtech
company is funded
of student to
tablet by 2015
Source: Brightbytes, ambient insights, http://kpk12.com/states/

3. The time is now to re-imagine our education system
Outline
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Systemic Challenges [4]
New Landscape [15]
Re-imagined tools [29]
New instructional models [39]
Appendix
3

4. 1 Systemic Challenges
“The notion of education as a public good that facilitates socioeconomic mobility for all citizens is at the heart
of the American public education system.”
Emily Dalton Smith
Bill and Melinda
Gates Foundation

5. Percentage of low-income students increasing
5
48% of public school students are now eligible for free or reduced lunch
2011
2000
51%
51%
56%
+10%
50%
51%
57%
55%
54%
68%
63%
60%
Note: The report did not include D.C. because its
school system is too small relative to those of states
Percentage of low-income students
30 40 50%
50%
55%
60% 60%
57%
71%
55%
66%
56%
50%
*students who qualify for free or reduced-priced lunches
Source: http://m.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2013/10/study-almost-half-of-public-school-students-are-now-low-income/280664/

6. Children in higher income households are improving faster
It’s not just the bottom getting left behind – the top 10% financially are pulling away academically
Income Achievement Gaps
Average difference in standardized test
scores between income percentiles
Reading, 1943-2000 Birth Cohorts
1.4
90th/50th achievement gap
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
50th/10th achievement gap
0.4
0.2
0
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
Cohort Birth Day
Source:
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/04/27/no-rich-child-left-behind/
1990
2000
6

7. US per pupil spending varies 300% across states
7
In 2011, ranged from $6212 (Utah) to $19076 (New York)
Per Pupil Current Spending (2009)
Wyo.
$18,068
Utah
$7,217
$0 - $9,350
$9,351 - $10,550
$10,550 – 12,000
$12,000 - $13,500
$13,501 - $18,5100
AK, HI
Source: http://www.nationaljournal.com/thenextamerica/education/analysis-how-much-states-spend-on-their-kids-really-does-matter-20121016

8. Students of color are underrepresented in top schools
Over 50% of white students are in the top 30% of schools
Percentage Of Subgroups Attending Top, Middle, and Bottom performing schools
Percentage of students
100%
80%
60%
Top 30% of schools
Middle 40%
40%
Bottom 30%
20%
0%
African-American
Source:
Latino
Economically
Disadvantaged
http://www.edtrust.org/sites/edtrust.org/files/publications/files/Access%20Denied.pdf
White
Notes: In K12 schools in California, based off API scores (2009)
8

9. Living in poverty lowers chance of academic success
22% of children with a year of poverty do not graduate
Children without Poverty
Children with Poverty Experience
26%
Dropout Rates
22%
11%
9%
6%
2%
Total
Proficient
Not Proficient
60% Of prison inmates are functionally illiterate
Source: http://www.aecf.org/~/media/Pubs/Topics/Education/Other/DoubleJeopardyHowThirdGradeReadingSkillsandPovery/DoubleJeopardyReport040511FINAL.pdf ,
http://www.begintoread.com/research/literacystatistics.html
9

10. Teacher satisfaction at lowest level since 1986
Principal satisfaction down, too. Teacher stress has increased since 1985.
10
Teacher Job Satisfaction Through the Years
(% Very Satisfied)
Series 1
70%
60%
50%
40%
40%
50%
44%
40%
54% 52%
57% 56%
44%
33%
62%
59%
44%
39%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1995 2001 2003 2006 2008 2009 2011 2012
Base: Teachers (2012, n=1,000)
Source: https://www.metlife.com/assets/cao/foundation/MetLife-Teacher-Survey-2012.pdf, http://kaleyperkins.com/as-teacher-satisfaction-plummets-educator-finds-way-to-teach-from-the-trunk/

11. And despite spending 2nd most on education…
K-12 Spending Per Student In The OECD
Source: OECD, 2009 Education at a Glance
11

12. United States lags in basic literacy and numeracy skills
Based off OECD assessment of adult skills, 2013
Distribution of numeracy proficiency scores
Distribution of literacy proficiency scores
#17
#22
Source: http://skills.oecd.org/OECD_Skills_Outlook_2013.pdf
12

13. United States is below average in equity and achievement 13
Based off OECD Program for International Student Assessment, 2012
PISA scores
SES
Source: http://www.oecd.org/pisa/ (slide 7)

14. Summary
14
Ø
Income Inequality is growing and has powerful implications on educational attainment
Ø
The conditions of poverty can create academic challenges and correlate to dropout
rates
Ø
When compared internationally, US lags in both equity and achievement
Source: Committee on Education Funding
Note: Assembled by Jenny House, President of Redrock Reports

15. 2 New landscape
“It’s not about the technology; it’s about sharing knowledge and information, communicating efficiently,
building learning communities and creating a culture of professionalism in schools.
These are the key responsibilities of all educational leaders.”
Marion Ginapolis
Superintendent at
Lake Orion Public
Schools

16. 45 states adopt Common Core - national goals for student learning 16
Pushing students to think critically, collaboratively, creatively
Common core adoption across the USA
Adopted
Not Yet Adopted
Source: corestandards.org, Aug 22, 2013

17. Rising focus on noncognitive factors to improve student agency
17
New academic mindsets and learning strategies linked to school success
Innovative disposition
Growth
Social Emotional Intelligence
Grit
Cultural Competency
Leads to a
desire to look
smart
Fixed Mind-set
Intelligence is static
Leads to a
desire to learn
Growth Mind-set
Intelligence can be developed
Character
Effort
Habits of scholarship
Creativity
Perseverance
Sources: Angela Duckworth: http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~duckwort/images/Grit%20JPSP.pdf, Carol Dweck: http://alumni.stanford.edu/get/page/magazine/article/?article_id=32124

18. Technology is ubiquitous in the classroom
97%
of teachers have at least one computer in the classroom
94%
enter or view grades using electronic system
40%
of teachers use technology often in the classroom
5:3
current average ratio
Student : Computer
5M
iPads in K12
Source: http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2010/2010040.pdf, http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=46
18

19. Learning can continue beyond the school building
With US smartphone and tablet owners on the rise
U.S. Smartphone and Tablet Owners
140
120
(millions)
100
80
60
40
20
Smartphone
Owners
Tablet
Owners
0
Source: Pew Research Center, comScore, U.S., census bureau, http://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/8010.pdf
Note: Includes smartphones owners over age of 13 and tablet owners over age of 18
19

20. Teacher demographics are changing
Younger teachers more comfortable with technology
Age of Public School Teachers, 1987-88 to 2007-08
40% under 30 digital natives!
Source: 96% number from http://blog.edmentum.com/leading-way-education-technology, http://www.gse.upenn.edu/review/feature/ingersoll
20

21. Tech companies bring devices and content ecosystems to K12 21
Apple dominates hardware while Google Apps for Education (GAFE) grows rapidly
App stores deliver rich, diverse content
Cost of hardware lowers; “hardware-as-a-service” enables
new buying flexibility
Samsung
Amplify
Microsoft
Apple
Source: apple.com, google.com, samsung.com, edmodo.com, schoology.com
Google

22. Though serious tech infrastructure challenges remain
93%
of computers have
internet access
22
72%
of schools lack adequate
bandwidth to use 1:1 devices in
every classroom
<1%
of schools have adequate
bandwidth for 2017 estimates
BUT
Source: http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=46

23. State and local budgets are tightening
23
K-12 Funding Sources
U.S. K-12 Education Spending YoY Growth by Fiscal Year, 1991-2011
State and Local Budget Surplus/Shortfall by Fiscal Year, 1990-2015F
Net Funding Surplus/Shortfall
Historical
$B
43 45 47
55
-85
-105
Source: The Parthenon Group
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
0
2004
1
2003
-103
2
2002
Net Funding Surplus/Shortfall
3
2001
-76
4
2000
-59
-36
-52
1999
Net Funding Surplus/Shortfall -37
-45
-47
-45
-65
5
-21
1998
-25
-16
1997
-125
-5
6
-4 -2 -5
1996
-85
35
-105
15
7
1995
-65
6
1994
-45
14
8
1993
-25
5 8
Series 1
1992
-5
13
18
34
%
9
1991
15
17
29
42
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012E
2013E
2014E
2015E
2016E
35
46
Forecasting

24. Venture capital flows into K-12: 74 financings in 2012
$427m from angels and institutional funders, transaction size ranges from $.2-80m
Source: http://www.newschools.org/blog/closer-look
24

25. Angel investment fueling early stage edtech
25
Breakdown of NSVF)Syndicate)Investors)
NSVF co-investors reveals demographics of capital sources
Socially#aligned#and#tradi:onal#venture#firms#are#an#increasingly#important#part#of#the#Seed#Fund's#
funding#network#
Composition of NSVF Syndicate Investors
30%#
20%#
2012#
Source: NSVF
2013#
Composi6on)of)NSVF)Syndicated)Investors)
Founda:ons#
Tradi:onal#VC#
Angel#Investors#
Socially#Aligned#Investors#
Founda:ons#
Tradi:onal#VC#
0%#
Angel#Investors#
10%#
Socially#Aligned#Investors#
Percentage)of)Dollars)Syndicated)
40%#

26. The economy demands new skills
In computer science alone, a one million job shortage
In 2020: 51,474 graduates / 122,300 CS jobs
100 Million dollars from Obama for jobs in education
1,000,000 more jobs than students by 2020
9 out of 10 schools don’t even offer programming classes
1400000
1200000
1000000
800000
600000
1.4million
computing jobs
400000
200000
400,000 computer
science students
0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Source: https://www.zdnet.com/vc-firm-study-high-skilled-stem-talent-shortage-in-u-s-is-real-7000016053
26

27. Educational attainment is correlated to higher earnings
And lower unemployment
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey
27

28. Summary
28
Ø The Common Core State Standards will allow for states to collaborate and
compare data as students think more critically
Ø Younger teachers and newer jobs pave the way for innovation and technology
(which is everywhere)
Ø Consumer technology companies enter K12 market with hardware + software
Source: Committee on Education Funding
Note: Assembled by Jenny House, President of Redrock Reports

29. 3 Re-imagined Tools
Used by over 25 million students in US K12
“We need technology in every classroom and in every student and teacher’s hand, because it is the pen and
paper of our time, and it is the lens through which we experience much of our world.”
David Warlick
North Carolina State
Department of Public
Instruction

30. Re-imagination of literature
One size fits all à personalized and interactive
Print, static, limited to physical supply
30
Accessible anywhere, customized by teacher, personalized

31. Re-imagination of current events
Periodic updates à real time stories with comprehension checks
Print, updated weekly, standardized
Accessible anywhere, personalized, adaptive
31

32. Re-imagination of behavior management
Sticker charts à ongoing feedback and behavior tracking
Labor intensive, limited data, not visible to
parents or guardians
32
Mobile, quick, accessible to parents and guardians

33. Re-imagination of engagement
Abstract and standardized problems à relevant and personalized content
Generic, often irrelevant to the students’ life
33
Problems based on personal interest and real world
applications

34. Re-imagination of assessment formats
Deterministic and summative à open-ended and formative
Right or wrong, guessing is prevalent
Real time enables more tailored instruction
and quick adjustments
34

35. Re-imagination of credentialing
Physical diplomas à credentialing and e-portfolio services
Brand focused, lacks visibility into skills
35
Tracks progress, competency, and mastery – useful to
employers

36. Re-imagination of data
Report cards à interactive dashboards
Static, quarterly reports with little qualitative data
36
Real-time, accessible, more nuanced and diverse data,
can be mastery based

37. Re-imagination of teacher training
37
From static resources to interactive video and assistance
One size fits all, theory-heavy programs
Online, personalized, simulation based, focus
on skill mastery

38. Summary
38
Ø Every corner of the education system is being touched by innovation and/or
technology
Ø Many startups are targeting districts or systems to make the analytics, outcome
measuring, technology, and buying more streamlined and efficacious
Ø View the entire edsurge edtech index (originally by NewSchools) here:
https://www.edsurge.com/products/
Source: Committee on Education Funding
Note: Assembled by Jenny House, President of Redrock Reports

39. 4 New instructional models
“Our collective charge in K-12 innovation today should go beyond merely designing and producing new tools. Rather,
our focus should primarily be to design new classroom models that take advantage of what these tools can do.”
Joel Rose
Founder,
New Classrooms

40. Lab Rotation
40
Students receive instruction from teacher and practice online
Student groups rotate between traditional classroom and
online instruction in a computer or learning lab
Classroom with
computers
Classroom with
teacher
Group A
eg: Milpitas Schools District, original Rocketship
Source: Education Elements http://educationelements.com/our-services/blended-learning-model-schools and http://www.christenseninstitute.org/blended-learning-model-definitions/, https://
phs.pusdk12.org/library

41. Flex Rotation
41
Students work at own pace with small group sessions when needed
Students learn primarily online in a brick and mortar school location
Classroom with computers
eg: Carpe Diem Schools,
Summit
Group A
Source: Education Elements http://educationelements.com/our-services/blended-learning-model-schools and http://www.christenseninstitute.org/blended-learning-model-definitions/

42. Classroom Rotation
42
Learn basics online, practice in groups, and go beyond with teacher
Students groups rotate between traditional classroom instruction and online
instruction within the classroom
Group with computers
eg: KIPP Empower Academy, Alliance
Public Schools, Mission Dolores
Academy
Group with teacher
Small work groups
Source: Education Elements http://educationelements.com/our-services/blended-learning-model-schools and http://www.christenseninstitute.org/blended-learning-model-definitions/

43. Flipped Classroom
43
Watching content at home frees up class time to go deeper
Classroom Flip
provides
opportunity
for
uses
The Learning
Environment
Learning
Through Activity
Anecdotal student achievement results can be dramatic,
reducing failure rates by 30% in several cases. To do so
needs thoughtful implementation:
Create conditions
for success
Plan
Implement
Improve
influences
influences
To see a detailed implementation guide, visit:
Educational
Technology
Source: http://www.knewton.com/flipped-classroom/
http://learningaccelerator.org/media/5965a4f8/DLNSS.BL2PDF.9.24.13.pdf

44. Charter schools also growing to support new models
44
With over 5000 schools and 2.3 million students, many focused on high needs areas
INCREASE IN CHARTER SCHOOLS AND ITS STUDENTS
NUMBER OF NEW & CLOSED CHARTER SCHOOLS
2500
10000
2000
1500
8000
Schools
6000
H
ROWT
: 135% G
10 YRS
1000
4000
# of schools
Thousands
600
NEW schools
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
500
2000
CLOSED schools
200
150
0
0
2002-2003
2007-2008
Enrolled Students
Source:
2012-2013
Number of Schools
http://www.uscharters.org/2013/01/us-charter-school-movement-reaches-new.html
100
2007
2008
2009
2010
School year
2011
2012

45. Summary
45
Ø Schools are changing the way time is spent in the classroom
Ø With improved data feedback from tech to teacher, teachers can better tailor
instruction to individuals or groups dynamically
Ø Many schools are experimenting with new models, and we will see much more
innovation to come
Source: Committee on Education Funding
Note: Assembled by Jenny House, President of Redrock Reports

46. 46
So, you want to
re-imagine education?

47. JOIN IN
47
JOIN OUR COMMUNITY
ATTEND AN EVENT
newschools.org/community
edsurge.com/events
Ø http://www.newschools.org/entrepreneurs
WORK FOR A START UP
edsurge.com/jobs
LEARN MORE
newschools.org/entrepreneurs

48. 48
Appendix

49. US lags even in basic technology proficiency
Like coordinating and updating reservations online
49

50. Parents expect more than 3 R’s from education systems
When asked which result was “most essential” in K12 after reading, math, and
STEM education, parents were divided:
Vocational Preparation
15%
24%
Citizenship, Democracy, and Leadership skills
High Test Scores
16%
Openness to Diversity
16%
Arts and Music instruction
14%
15%
Source: What Parents Want: Education Preferences and Trade-offs (A Fordham Report)
College Acceptance
50

51. New “Deeper thinking” tests are harder
As new standards roll out, test scores fall (public and private)
Percentage of New York City students who were proficient
Source: New York State Education Department
51

52. Higher income students more likely to attend selective
college
52

53. 20% of Americans control 95% of the wealth
53
And dramatically different opportunities are available to that 80%
Bottom 80% :
11% of net worth
Bottom 80% : 5%
of financial wealth
5%
11%
11%
35%
12%
Top 1%
Next 4%
Next 5%
14%
42%
13%
Next 10%
Bottom 80%
28%
Net worth distribution,
2010
Source: http://www2.ucsc.edu/whorulesamerica/power/wealth.html
30%
Financial wealth distribution,
2010

54. Over $687 billion spent on US K-12, mostly state and local 54
According to the Global Silicon Valley estimates
K-12 Funding Sources (1971-2009)
Source: Committee on Education Funding
Note: Assembled by Jenny House, President of Redrock Reports

55. Financially struggling students overrepresented in pool
of dropouts
Poverty Experience of Children Not Graduating from High School
Poverty Experience of
All Children
Poverty Experience of
Children Not Graduating
No
30%
Yes
38%
No
62%
Source:
Yes
70%
http://www.aecf.org/~/media/Pubs/Topics/Education/Other/DoubleJeopardyHowThirdGradeReadingSkillsandPovery/DoubleJeopardyReport040511FINAL.pdf
55

56. Teachers have fewer years of experience
Years of Experience of Public School Teachers,
1987-88 to 2007-08
Source http://www.gse.upenn.edu/review/feature/ingersoll :
56

57. Different majors lead to different earnings
Source:
http://www.npr.org/blogs/money/2013/09/10/219372252/the-most-and-least-lucrative-college-majors-in-1-graph
57